scholarly journals METABOLISME LIPID PADA DAGING BABI DAN KEMUDHARATANNYA BERDASARKAN PENJELASAN AL-QURAN DAN SAINS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Assyifa Junitasari
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Chemistry Department ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Pork Fat

Metabolism plays a role in changing food substances such as glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids into compounds needed for life processes such as energy sources (ATP). Metabolic processes that occur in all body tissues which occur under the same conditions or reaction conditions require physicochemical and chemical requirements that are not much different from each other. Fat is considered by many to be a component of a diet that must be reduced as much as possible. However, this is not beneficial for health because of a certain amount of fat, usually about 30% of the total energy needed to carry out its functions properly in the body. Sources of fat usually there are many from animal sources, one of which contains a lot of pork fat content in it. However, according to Islamic teachings and written in Al-Quran that pork should not be consumed because it is included in illicit food. This paper aims to find out the understanding of fat metabolism, to find out the fat content in the body of pigs, and to know the unlawfulness of pork in Al-Quran. The writing method used is the method of literature, the author gets information through various references from the internet, as well as Al-Quran and commentary books. This paper was made as a reference or guide for readers and also lecturers and students of UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, especially the chemistry department of the Faculty of Science and Technology in the learning process as a manifestation of Revelation Guiding Science (WMI). In addition, we can practice in life.

scholarly journals Penambahan Lisin pada Pakan Komersial terhadap Retensi Protein dan Retensi Energi Ikan Bawal Air Tawar (Colossoma macropomum) [Lysine Addition on Commercial Feed to the Protein Retention and Energy Retention Colossoma macropomum]

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afifa Khalida ◽  
Agustono Agustono ◽  
Widya Paramita
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
Protein Retention ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Range Test

                                                                   AbstrakAsam amino adalah komponen terkecil yang menyusun protein. Sejumlah asam amino akan dihubungkan satu sama lain melalui perantara ikatan peptida untuk membentuk protein. Asam amino telah dibagi menjadi dua; yaitu asam amino esensial dan asam amino non-esensial. Asam amino esensial adalah asam amino yang tidak dapat disintesis oleh tubuh ikan; karena itu asam amino esensial harus ada dalam pakan. Lisin adalah salah satu dari sepuluh asam amino esensial, fungsi lisin adalah untuk pertumbuhan dan perbaikan jaringan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lisin dalam pakan komersial terhadap retensi protein dan retensi energi ikan bawal air tawar. Metode yang digunakan adalah desain eksperimen rancangan acak lengkap. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah kadar lisin yang berbeda, yaitu P0 (0%), P1 (0,6%), P2 (1,2%), P3 (2,4%), P4 (4,8%) dan perlakuan  diulang 4 kali. Parameter utama yang diamati adalah retensi protein dan retensi energi pada air tawar bawal. Parameter yang diukur didukung oleh parameter kualitas air. Analisis data menggunakan Analisis Varian (ANOVA) dan untuk menentukan perlakuan terbaik digunakan Duncan's multiple range test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (p <0,05) dalam retensi protein dan energi adalah daging ikan bawal air tawar. Retensi protein dan retensi energi dalam pengobatan P1 (0,6% lisin), P2 (1,2% lisin), P3 (2,4% lisin) dan P4 (4,8% lisin) berbeda secara signifikan dengan perlakuan P0 (kontrol). Kualitas air selama 40 hari perlakuan ditetapkan pada suhu 27-300 C, pH 7,5-8,5, amonia 4 mg / l dan oksigen terlarut 4 mg / l.                                                                 AbstractAmino acids are the smallest components that compose proteins. A number of amino acids will be conducted to one another through the intermediary of peptide bonds to form proteins. Amino acids have divided into two; those are essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids. The essential amino acids are amino acids that can not be synthesized by the body of fish; therefore the essential amino acids must be in feed. Lysine is one of the ten essentials amino acids , the function of lysine are for the growth and repair body tissues. This research was aimed to determine the effect of lysine in commercial feed on protein retention and energy retention of freshwater Bawal.The method used is experiment with a completely randomized design as an experimental design. The treatment used is different lysine levels , namely P0 ( 0 % ) , P1 ( 0.6 % ) , P2 ( 1.2 % ) , P3 ( 2.4 % ) , P4 (4.8 % ) and treatment was repeated 4 times. The main parameters were observed protein retention and energy retention on Bawal fresh water. Parameters measured were supported by water quality parameters. Analysis of the data using Analysis of Varian ( ANOVA ) and to determine the best treatment used Duncan 's multiple range test. The results showed the significant differences ( p < 0.05 ) in protein retention and energy were freshwater pomfret fish meat. Retention of protein and energy retention in treatment P1 ( 0.6 % lysine ) , P2 ( 1.2 % lysine ) , P3 ( 2.4 % lysine ) and P4 ( 4.8 % lysine ) was significantly different with treatment P0 ( control ). The quality of water for 40 days treatment was set to temperature 27-300 C, pH 7.5-8.5, ammonia 4 mg/l and dissolved oxygen 4 mg/l.

Utilisation of the end products of ruminant digestion

1957 ◽  
Vol 1957 ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Armstrong ◽  
K. L. Blaxter ◽  
N. McC. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
End Products

The work of the late Sir Joseph Barcroft and his collaborators (see Elsden & Phillipson, 1948) left little doubt that, in ruminants, the end products of the bacterial dissimilation of dietary carbohydrate included large amounts of the steam-volatile fatty acids—acetic, propionic and butyric acids. More recently, el Shazly (1952a, b) has shown that the steam-volatile fatty acids also arise together with ammonia during the bacterial breakdown of amino-acids in the rumen. Studies by Pfander & Phillipson (1953) and Schambye (1955) further indicate that the acids are absorbed from the digestive tract in amounts that suggest they make a major contribution to the energy requirement of the animal. Quantitative data relative to the amounts absorbed, however, are difficult to obtain. Carroll & Hungate (1954) have calculated that in cattle some 6,000-12,000 Cal. of energy are available from the acids produced by fermentation in the rumen. With sheep, Phillipson & Cuthbertson (1956) have calculated from the results of Schambye (1951a, b; 1955) that at least 600-1,200 Cal. of energy in the form of steam-volatile fatty acids could be absorbed every 24 hrs. Since the fasting heat production of the steer is about 6,500 Cal./24 hrs. and that of the sheep about 1,100 Cal./24 hrs. it is clear that if the fatty acids can be utilised efficiently by the body tissues, they could make a major contribution to the energy requirements, at least those for maintenance.

scholarly journals Absorptive transport of amino acids by the rat colon

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (1) ◽  
pp. G189-G202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Chen ◽  
Meredith M. Dinges ◽  
Andrew Green ◽  
Scott E. Cramer ◽  
Cynthia K. Larive ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Ussing Chamber ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Colonic Epithelium ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Body Tissues

The capacity of the colon to absorb microbially produced amino acids (AAs) and the underlying mechanisms of AA transport are incompletely defined. We measured the profile of 16 fecal AAs along the rat ceco-colonic axis and compared unidirectional absorptive AA fluxes across mucosal tissues isolated from the rat jejunum, cecum, and proximal colon using an Ussing chamber approach, in conjunction with 1H-NMR and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry chemical analyses. Passage of stool from cecum to midcolon was associated with segment-specific changes in fecal AA composition and a decrease in total AA content. Simultaneous measurement of up to 16 AA fluxes under native luminal conditions, with correction for endogenous AA release, demonstrated absorptive transfer of AAs across the cecum and proximal colon at rates comparable (30–80%) to those across the jejunum, with significant Na+-dependent and H+-stimulated components. Expression profiling of 30 major AA transporter genes by quantitative PCR revealed comparatively high levels of transcripts for 20 AA transporters in the cecum and/or colon, with the levels of 12 exceeding those in the small intestine. Our results suggest a more detailed model of major apical and basolateral AA transporters in rat colonocytes and provide evidence for a previously unappreciated transfer of AAs across the colonic epithelium that could link the prodigious metabolic capacities of the luminal microbiota, the colonocytes, and the body tissues. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides evidence for a previously unappreciated transfer of microbially generated amino acids across the colonic epithelium under physiological conditions that could link the prodigious metabolic capacities of the luminal microbiota, the colonocytes, and the body tissues. The segment-specific expression of at least 20 amino acid transporter genes along the colon provides a detailed mechanistic basis for uniport, heteroexchange, Na+-cotransport, and H+-cotransport components of colonic amino acid absorption.

scholarly journals Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids and Lipid Metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 2524S-2531S ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois Blachier ◽  
Mireille Andriamihaja ◽  
Anne Blais
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
The Body ◽  
Amino Acid Requirement ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Increased Risk

ABSTRACT The metabolism of methionine and cysteine in the body tissues determines the concentrations of several metabolites with various biologic activities, including homocysteine, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), taurine, and glutathione. Hyperhomocysteinemia, which is correlated with lower HDL cholesterol in blood in volunteers and animal models, has been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. In humans, the relation between methionine intake and hyperhomocysteinemia is dependent on vitamin status (vitamins B-6 and B-12 and folic acid) and on the supply of other amino acids. However, lowering homocysteinemia by itself is not sufficient for decreasing the risk of cardiovascular disease progression. Other compounds related to methionine metabolism have recently been identified as being involved in the risk of atherosclerosis and steatohepatitis. Indeed, the metabolism of sulfur amino acids has an impact on phosphatidylcholine (PC) metabolism, and anomalies in PC synthesis due to global hypomethylation have been associated with disturbances of lipid metabolism. In addition, impairment of H2S synthesis from cysteine favors atherosclerosis and steatosis in animal models. The effects of taurine on lipid metabolism appear heterogeneous depending on the populations of volunteers studied. A decrease in the concentration of intracellular glutathione, a tripeptide involved in redox homeostasis, is implicated in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases and steatosis. Last, supplementation with betaine, a compound that allows remethylation of homocysteine to methionine, decreases basal and methionine-stimulated homocysteinemia; however, it adversely increases plasma total and LDL cholesterol. The study of these metabolites may help determine the range of optimal and safe intakes of methionine and cysteine in dietary proteins and supplements. The amino acid requirement for protein synthesis in different situations and for optimal production of intracellular compounds involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism also needs to be considered for dietary attenuation of atherosclerosis and steatosis risk.

scholarly journals Energy Metabolism

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
PAJ Perera ◽  
Faiz MMT Marikar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Considerable Progress ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Made In

This review considers how our understanding of energy utilized by energy metabolism has progressed since the pioneering work on this topic in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Research has been stimulated by a desire to understand how metabolic events contribute to the development of the body into the different phases, the need of considering health with which to improve the success of implication on public health. Nevertheless, considerable progress has been made in defining the roles of the traditional nutrients: pyruvate, glucose, lactate and amino acids; originally considered as energy sources and biosynthetic precursors, but now recognised as having multiple, overlapping functions. Other nutrients; notably, lipids, are beginning to attract the attention they deserve. The review concludes by up-dating the state of knowledge of energy metabolism in the early 1970s and listing some future research questions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v6i2.17646Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2013; 6(2): 68-76

scholarly journals A quantitative study of the total fat content of developing salmon eggs

1936 ◽  
Vol 121 (823) ◽  
pp. 358-375 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Food Stores ◽  
The Third ◽  
Bony Fishes ◽  
Salmon Eggs ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Vertebrate Embryos ◽  
Total Fat

An investigation into the problem of foodstuff metabolism involves chemical studies of the embryo and the supply of food at various stages of development. Naturally those eggs which are easy to rear and which contain large food stores in the form of yolk provide the most convenient material for an approach to the problem. Knowing what foods the egg contains at the beginning of development, the absorption processes can be studied by separate analyses of embryo and yolk throughout development. By this method, Needham (1927 a, b ) and other workers have been able to follow the protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism of the chick from the third day to the end of incubation. The results indicate a succession of energy sources in the order: carbohydrate, protein, fat. This phenomenon is probably of wide significance, but generalizations upon the matter are unsafe until it is known whether or not a similar situation exists in other embryos. The salmon was chosen because its eggs are larger than those of other common teleosts and can be maintained in the laboratory with very little attention. It seemed reasonable to expect that if there were fundamental laws governing the fat metabolism of vertebrate embryos these would be disclosed by the comparison of members of two such widely separated groups as the birds and the bony fishes. In planning the investigation it was desirable to secure data similar to those already existing for the chick in the hope that direct comparisons might be .facilitated. For this reason we have estimated throughout development: (1) the total fat content of the embryonic system (embryos plus yolk); (2) the total fat content of the yolks only; (3) the total fat content of the embryos only; (4) the weights of separated embryos.

Peptide Utilisation by the Mammary Gland of Lactating Goats

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 2-2
Author(s):  
F.R.C. Backwell ◽  
B.J. Bequette ◽  
A.G. Calder ◽  
J.A. Metcalf ◽  
D. Wray-Cahen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Small Proteins ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Lactating Goats

Most considerations of protein digestion assume that amino acids are made available to the body tissues as the free form but recent reports suggest that a substantial portion may be absorbed from the stomach region of ruminants as small peptides (1). However, the quantitative relevance of this absorption to amino acid supply to tissues remains unclear. We have previously indicated that in early lactation at least part of the amino acid supply to the lactating mammary gland may be met from blood derived peptides or small proteins (2) but at present there is no direct evidence to suggest that peptides can contribute amino acids to the gland for milk protein synthesis. However, it has been demonstrated in dairy animals that the uptake of certain amino acids across the mammary gland is insufficient to account for their output in milk protein (J.A. Metcalf, unpublished observation) and the possible utilisation of amino acids in ‘non-free’ form must be considered. The present study involves the use of a dual-labelled tracer approach to evaluate the ability of the mammary gland to utilise amino acids in peptide-bound form for milk protein synthesis. The technique involves infusion into the external pudic artery (EPA) supplying one half of die gland of a dipeptide XY where Y is a [13C]-labelled amino acid, coupled with a simultaneous (jugular) infusion of the amino acid Y but with a deuterium label. The jugular infusion allows a correction for recycled amino acid generated by whole animal (i.e. non-mammary) hydrolysis of the infused peptide. In theory if the half of the gland receiving direct infusion of the dipeptide utilises peptide-bound Y for milk protein synthesis then the ratio of [13C] : deuterium should be greater in casein secreted from that half of the gland compared with the other (control) side of the gland.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHEEP OF AMINO ACID METABOLISM WITH PRODUCTIVITY OF GROWING YOUNG SHEEP

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Sagidovich ISMAILOV ◽  
Nina Vladimirovna TREGUBOVA ◽  
Rashid Hasanbievich KOCHKAROV ◽  
Anna Victorovna MORGUNOVA ◽  
Natalija Alecseevna DRIZHD
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Synthetic Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Development

A number of studies on digestion of the ruminants have shown the process of synthesis of all the essential amino acids in the rumen (Abu Fadel, 2004; Trukhachev, V., Zlidnev, N. 2008). However, according to some researches, microbial protein is deficient in methionine and lysine. This assumption also proves the need for further study of the influence of balanced amino acids to these diets on the growth, development and productive performance of the ruminants. Scientific approbation of the issues related to establishing the requirements of young sheep in lysine and methionine with cystine and development of recommendations for their proper balance in animal rations have been conducted along with a series of physiological, scientific and practical experiments. For this purpose, we used the following research methods: preparative, analytical, measuring and calculating. Zootechnical evaluation of young sheep’s diet with different levels of lysine and methionine with cysteine has been conducted, and influence of these components on growth, development, metabolism, the use of amino acids and wool productivity have been studied. The importance of studying the content of amino acids in plasma is evident because they are the indicators of protein metabolism in the animals’ organism and represent themselves the exchange fund when used in the biochemical transformations in the process of updating the protein of the body tissues and the synthesis of animal products. Increase in young sheep’s diet of lysine and methionine can improve their productivity, reduce the cost of feed energy and improve biochemical indexes of meat, taking into account the optimization of its amino acid composition. Efficiency increase of young sheep during the process of the individual development is linked to conditions of feeding and in particular the usefulness of a protein food, which is primarily determined by sufficient intake of essential amino acids - lysine and methionine with cystine. Thus, the inclusion in the diet of growing young sheep some amount of synthetic amino acids – 6–8 grams of lysine and 3–4 g of methionine per 1 fodder unit, enhances oxidation-reduction processes, increase productivity, i.e. wool yield and other indicators. The content of free amino acids in plasma directly depends on their availability in feed. The use of synthetic amino acids (lysine, methionine and cystine) contributed to the increase of their content in a free state in the blood serum, indicating their increased demand in sheep. With the use of different doses of synthetic amino acids (lysine, methionine, cystine) in the diets of young sheep it has been found that the organization of optimum conditions of feeding, care and management of sheep in winter season help to avoid abrupt changes in the structure of the skin, to ensure the normal development of the histological structure and morphogenetic processes.)

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