scholarly journals The testing of model plant Raphanus sativus germination and phytomass production on oil-composts

2019 ◽  
pp. 579-588
Author(s):  
Merrit Noormets ◽  
Karin Kauer ◽  
Tiina Köster ◽  
Mait Kriipsalu ◽  
Aive Jänes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Production Experiment ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Plant Root System ◽  
Germination And Growth

In industrialized society, large amounts of oily sediments from contaminated sites as well asoily sludge from industrial processes need to be treated in sustainable way. Nowadaysbiological treatment is becoming more important. The purpose of biotreatment is to decreasethe concentration of organic pollutants (e.g. oil) in soil or compost by mineralizing hazardouschemicals into harmless compounds such as carbon dioxide or some other gas or inorganicsubstance, water, and cell material. Whereas hydrocarbons are generally well degradable,some organic compounds (e.g. PAH) are less degradable; and some (heavy metals) can not bedegraded. However, resistant compounds can be transformed through sorption, methylation,and complexation, and change in valence state, which affect mobility and bioavailability. Theuse of oil-compost depends on legislative limits, and response of vegetation. Oil-content mayhave a negative effect on plant root system even in low concentrations. Heavy metals mayinhibit the growth, but in the other hand, the plants are also known in uptaking heavy metalsand other contaminants, known as phytoremediation. This may create a situation, wherevegetation cover acts as additional treatment system for matured oil-composts. The objectiveof this study was to examine the effect of hydrocarbon residues in different substances(compost and soil mixtures) on soil model plants (Raphanus sativus) germination andphytomass production. The germination study demonstrated that the plants germination andbiomass production was highly dependent on compost decomposition degree, nutrient contentand biological properties of soil. On less matured compost, the germination and growth wassuppressed. The phytomass production experiment showed that plants in oil compost haddecreased height, taproot mass and above ground phytomass. The application of complexmineral fertilizers increased the volume of abovementioned parameters.

scholarly journals The efficiency of some bioagent fungi in reduction of wheat seed decay and seedling damping-off disease with heavy metals interaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qusai Madhi ◽  
MOHAMMED HAMZA ABASS ◽  
ABDULNABI ABDUL AMEER MATROOD
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Root System ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Seed Decay ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Effect

Abstract. Madhi QH, Abass MH, Matrood AAA. 2021. The efficiency of some bioagent fungi in reduction of wheat seed decay and seedling damping-off disease with heavy metals interaction. Biodiversitas 22: 3984-3993. Biological control is an ecofriendly efficient measurement for disease control and heavy metals reduction in soils. The use of bioagent fungi such as Trichoderma koningii and Chaetomum globosum reduced the negative effect of pathogenic fungi that cause seed decay and the seedlings damping off wheat alone or by interaction with the concentrations of lead or cadmium, which increases the germination percentage of wheat seeds and reducing seedling damping off. It also reduced the severity index of wheat with pathogenic fungi and reduced the negative effect of interaction between heavy metals and pathogenic fungi on the severity index of the wheat.  Results showed that T. koningii and C. globosum reduced the effect of the interaction of R. solani with 200 mg/kg lead to 57.7 and 55.4%, respectively and R. solani and cadmium 3 mg/kg with 60 and 61.6%, respectively. T. koningii and C. globosum also reduced the effect of the interaction  F.solani with lead 200 mg/kg to 45.4 and 48.5%, respectively and  F. solani and cadmium 3 mg/kg to 46.8 and 52.5% respectively. The bioagent fungi also increased the fresh and dry weight of shoot and root system, T. koningii significantly increased the fresh and dry weight of shoot in the presence of R. solani. The results also indicated that there was a high significant difference in the use of C. globosum in increasing the fresh and dry weight of shoot and root system. T. koningii and C. globosum significantly reduced the effect of interaction between the pathogenic fungi and low concentrations of lead and cadmium leading to an increase in the fresh and dry weight of shoot and root system. They also increased the plant height in the presence of pathogenic fungi as well as reducing the negative effect of the interaction between heavy metals and pathogenic fungi in the height of wheat plants. No significant interaction was observed between the low concentrations of lead and cadmium and pathogenic fungi in the presence of bioagent fungi. The results exhibited that bioagent fungi can reduce the negative effect of interaction of pathogenic fungi with lead and cadmium on the total phenols content of wheat leaves, and no significant difference was recorded in the treatment of low concentrations with the pathogenic fungi. Results showed that bioagent fungi can reduce the negative effect of the interaction of pathogenic fungi with lead and cadmium on the total phenols content of wheat plant leaves. No significant differences were recorded in the treatment of low concentrations with the pathogenic fungi in the presence of bioagent fungi. The two bioagent fungi increased the concentration of chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids reduced anthocyanin in leaves, and increased chlorophyll stability index compared to the control treatment.

scholarly journals Elimination of cyanobacteria and microcystins in irrigation water—effects of hydrogen peroxide treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 8638-8652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Spoof ◽  
Sauli Jaakkola ◽  
Tamara Važić ◽  
Kerstin Häggqvist ◽  
Terhi Kirkkala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Water Effects ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
Spray Irrigation ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Plant Root System

AbstractCyanobacterial blooms pose a risk to wild and domestic animals as well as humans due to the toxins they may produce. Humans may be subjected to cyanobacterial toxins through many routes, e.g., by consuming contaminated drinking water, fish, and crop plants or through recreational activities. In earlier studies, cyanobacterial cells have been shown to accumulate on leafy plants after spray irrigation with cyanobacteria-containing water, and microcystin (MC) has been detected in the plant root system after irrigation with MC-containing water. This paper reports a series of experiments where lysis of cyanobacteria in abstracted lake water was induced by the use of hydrogen peroxide and the fate of released MCs was followed. The hydrogen peroxide–treated water was then used for spray irrigation of cultivated spinach and possible toxin accumulation in the plants was monitored. The water abstracted from Lake Köyliönjärvi, SW Finland, contained fairly low concentrations of intracellular MC prior to the hydrogen peroxide treatment (0.04 μg L−1 in July to 2.4 μg L−1 in September 2014). Hydrogen peroxide at sufficient doses was able to lyse cyanobacteria efficiently but released MCs were still present even after the application of the highest hydrogen peroxide dose of 20 mg L−1. No traces of MC were detected in the spinach leaves. The viability of moving phytoplankton and zooplankton was also monitored after the application of hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide at 10 mg L−1 or higher had a detrimental effect on the moving phytoplankton and zooplankton.

scholarly journals The estimation of the insect fungicidal disinfectant ‘Selest Top’ effect on rice plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Т. А. Cherepanova ◽  
S. V. Bezmutko ◽  
V. N. Lelyavskaya
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Rice Seeds ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Plant Root System

The current paper has presented the study results (2016–2017) of the products ‘Selest Top’, ‘KS’ (the active ingredients are thiomethoxam (262.5 g/l), difenoconazole (25 g/l) and fludioxonil (25 g/l)) for pre-sowing treatment of rice seeds. The purpose of the work was to estimate the effect of the disinfectant ‘Selest Top’ on the sprouting energy, germination, the processes of initial growth and development of rice plants, to find out the biological efficiency of the product against root rot. There has been carried out a number of laboratory trials to study the effect of the product on sprouting, germination energy of seeds. When conducting a vegetation trial, there was estimated efficiency of the disinfectant against root rot. The test results were compared with the effect of the product ‘Vintsit’ (25 g/l of thiabendazole and 25 g/l of flutriafol). The disinfectant ‘Selest Top’ was used at a rate of 1.0 l/t, 1.5 l/t and 2.0 l/t. It was established that the studied products had no negative effect on sprouting energy and germination of rice seeds. The disinfectant had a positive effect on the length of the rice sprouts and also has a stimulating effect on the plant root system. It was identified that the length of roots increased on 2.2–3.0 cm (7 days) and 1.0–3.8 cm (14 days). There was established that the product had a high biological efficiency against root rot at all stages of rice development. The maximum indicators were obtained at a rate of 1.5 l/t with 57.3% (complete sprouts), 57.2% (panicle formation) and 37.2% (milky-wax ripeness). Under the agroclimatic conditions of Primorsky Krai, the pre-sowing seed treatment with the product ‘Selest Top’ is justified due to the high biological efficiency and increased plant resistance to root rot pathogens.

scholarly journals Evaluation of EPS Application in Microbial Consortia Growing in Aqueous Co-Contaminated Systems: The Trend to Natural Attenuation

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.S.O. Martins ◽  
N.F. Almeida ◽  
R.G.S. Costa ◽  
A.P. Franco ◽  
M.F. Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Natural Attenuation ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Aqueous System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Potential Use

The needing of a bacterial extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) application in bioremediation of an aqueous system containing glucose and/or gasoline and/or heavy metals (Cd2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+) by two different microbial consortia was studied. At the low concentrations (1.00 ppm of each metal), it was observed an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of the “consortium 1”, as well as the application of EPS has improved the cellular growing in media containing glucose and/or gasoline as carbon sources, indicating that using this substance decreases the negative effect caused by the presence of heavy metals. In the other hand, the application of small concentrations of EPS was evaluated, and results show that a little increase in this substance concentration leads to an improvement of 39 % in cellular growing of the “consortium 2”, indicating the potential use of the EPS in a system with gasoline and metals. Once many microorganisms can produce this kind of substance during cultivation, our results show that a system with low concentrations of hydrocarbons and metals could be susceptible to natural attenuation, without human intervention in the environment, especially if the process is conducted in a larger period of time.

scholarly journals Extended Plant Metarhizobiome: Understanding Volatile Organic Compound Signaling in Plant-Microbe Metapopulation Networks

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waseem Raza ◽  
Zhong Wei ◽  
Alexandre Jousset ◽  
Qirong Shen ◽  
Ville-Petri Friman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compound ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Volatile Organic Compound ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Plant Root System ◽  
Rhizospheric Microbes

Plant rhizobiomes consist of microbes that are influenced by the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the plant root system. While plant-microbe interactions are generally thought to be local, accumulating evidence suggests that topologically disconnected bulk soil microbiomes could be linked with plants and their associated rhizospheric microbes through volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

EFFECTS OF HEAVY METALS ON Lepidium sativum GERMINATION AND GROWTH

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasile Lucian Pavel ◽  
Dana Luminita Sobariu ◽  
Mariana Diaconu ◽  
Florian Statescu ◽  
Maria Gavrilescu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Germination And Growth

scholarly journals Comparison of the Influence of 45S5 and Cu-Containing 45S5 Bioactive Glass (BG) on the Biological Properties of Novel Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)/BG Composites

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Schuhladen ◽  
Barbara Lukasiewicz ◽  
Pooja Basnett ◽  
Ipsita Roy ◽  
Aldo R. Boccaccini
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Salt Leaching ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Hard Tissue Engineering

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), due to their biodegradable and biocompatible nature and their ability to be formed in complex structures, are excellent candidates for fabricating scaffolds used in tissue engineering. By introducing inorganic compounds, such as bioactive glasses (BGs), the bioactive properties of PHAs can be further improved. In addition to their outstanding bioactivity, BGs can be additionally doped with biological ions, which in turn extend the functionality of the BG-PHA composite. Here, different PHAs were combined with 45S5 BG, which was additionally doped with copper in order to introduce antibacterial and angiogenic properties. The resulting composite was used to produce scaffolds by the salt leaching technique. By performing indirect cell biology tests using stromal cells, a dose-depending effect of the dissolution products released from the BG-PHA scaffolds could be found. In low concentrations, no toxic effect was found. Moreover, in higher concentrations, a minor reduction of cell viability combined with a major increase in VEGF release was measured. This result indicates that the fabricated composite scaffolds are suitable candidates for applications in soft and hard tissue engineering. However, more in-depth studies are necessary to fully understand the release kinetics and the resulting long-term effects of the BG-PHA composites.

A 3D-printed, Arabidopsis Thaliana Root Imaging Platform

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Moussus ◽  
Matthias Meier
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Root System ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Microfluidic Platforms ◽  
External Cues ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Plant Root System ◽  
Analytical Tools

High resolution live imaging promises new insights into the cellular and molecular dynamics of the plant root system in response to external cues. Microfluidic platforms are valuable analytical tools that...

scholarly journals Screening for inhibitory activity of volatile oils from Piper spp. on acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase

Rodriguésia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Everson da Silva ◽  
Camila Confortin ◽  
Wanderlei do Amaral ◽  
Michele Debiasi Alberton ◽  
Milena Paim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Renewable Source ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

Abstract The Atlantic Forest is regarded a rich source of aromatic plants with a broad spectrum of biological properties. The leaves of seven Piper species were collected from the Atlantic Forest domain in the coastal region of Paraná state in winter (W) and spring (S). The volatile oils were extracted from the leaves through hydrodistillation method. The volatile oils were characterized by means of GC-FID and GC-MS. Sesquiterpenes were among the major compounds in all species studied, with many dozens of representatives. However, very low concentrations of monoterpenes were observed; α-pinene in Piper mosenii and P. cernuum, δ-3-carene in P. rivinoides, camphene and β-pinene in P. cernuum are exceptions. The arylpropanoides myristicine and elemicin were found in considerable amount in P. diospyrifolium (26.2%/S) and P. mosenii (16.4%/W), respectively. These oils were also screened for inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and α-glucosidase (AG). For AChE the most active samples were P. diospyrifolium, P. aduncum and P. cernuum, with inhibiting level > 93%. For the less sensitive AG, the most promising candidates were P. diospyrifolium and P. mosenii, with inhibiting level > 65%. These results highlight the importance of native plants as renewable source of new inhibitors for AChE and AG. Further investigation is required to identify the most active constituents or fractions from the selected volatile oils.

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