QUALITY MACRONUTRIENT DIET СOMPARISON OF THE RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE DIABETES TYPE II PATIENTS AND HEALTHY PERSONS

The article states that the development of insulin resistance is influenced by many parameters, however, one of the first is the increased weight. The main parameter that characterizes the degree of obesity is the body mass index. There is a direct correlation between body mass index and the probability of diabetes developing. Diabetes is a part of symptoms, metabolic syndrome. The comparative analysis of makronutrient composition of diabetic patient’s diets and healthy individuals were made. Thus, for patients with diabetes it is necessary to reduce overall caloric intake by fat and carbohydrates. It is recommended to reduce total fats by reducing saturated fatty acids at the same time to increase the content of omega-3 fatty acids. It is shown that the consumption of foods with dietary fiber (30 grams per day), reduces the need for insulin by 25 ... 50 %, and has a positive effect on blood glucose and lipids in the blood.

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Overweight and erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acid changes in menopause

The EuroBiotech Journal ◽

10.2478/ebtj-2020-0016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 144-149

Author(s):

Giulia D’Alberti ◽

Carla Ferreri ◽

Anna Vita Larocca ◽

Pierangelo Torquato ◽

Antonio Boccuto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Body Mass ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

And Control

AbstractLipid disorders have been implicated in overweight and menopause. However, evidence on lipidomic analysis of fatty acids in erythrocytes of menopausal women is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the body mass index within or beyond 5 years of menopause and erythrocyte fatty acid profile. This case-control study was conducted on out of 37 menopausal women total patients, 22 with body mass index ≥ 25 and 12 matched controls (body mass index <25). Experimental procedures were performed on the blood through robotic equipment for isolation of erythrocyte and cell membrane fatty acids were analyzed by using gas-liquid chromatography. Results showed that erythrocyte membranes did not change significantly in lipid composition between case and control group. However, the percentage of women who had a physiological content of saturated fatty acids was lower in case than in control group, and the percentage of women who had a physiological content of monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids was lower in control than in case group. Woman with BMI>25 and non-physiological content of fatty acids, were richer in percentage of saturated fatty acids and poorer of monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids than women with BMI<25. The percentage of physiological n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated ratio was lower in women with BMI>25 than in women with BMI<25. Interestingly, the percentage of patients that had physiological values of lipids beyond 5 years of menopause increased in comparison patients within 5 years of menopause. Notably, n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids physiological ratio beyond 5 years of menopause increased in both case and control patients, indicating normalization over time. In conclusion erythrocytes fatty acids composition may be related to the body mass index and to the time from menopause.

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DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF AVITAMINOSIS F

Grain Products and Mixed Fodder’s ◽

10.15673/gpmf.v20i2.1764 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 38-40

Author(s):

A. Levitsky ◽

A. Lapinska ◽

I. Selivanskaya

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Experimental Model ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

The Body ◽

Regulatory Function ◽

Omega 3 ◽

White Rats ◽

Arachidonic Acids

The article analyzes the role of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially omega-3 series in humans and animals. The biosynthesis of essential PUFA in humans and animals is very limited, so they must be consumed with food (feed). Тhe ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA is very important. Biomembranes of animal cells contain about 30% PUFA with a ratio of ω-6/ ω-3 1-2. As this ratio increases, the physicochemical properties of biomembranes and the functional activity of their receptors change. The regulatory function of essential PUFA is that in the body under the action of oxygenase enzymes (cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase) are formed extremely active hormone-like substances (eicosanoids and docosanoids), which affect a number of physiological processes: inflammation, immunity, metabolism. Moreover, ω-6 PUFA form eicosanoids, which have pro-inflammatory, immunosuppressive properties, and ω-3 PUFAs form eicosanoids and docosanoids, which have anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory properties. Deficiency of essential PUFA, and especially ω-3 PUFA, leads to impaired development of the body and its state of health, which are manifestations of avitaminosis F. Prevention and treatment of avitaminosis F is carried out with drugs that contain PUFA. To create new, more effective vitamin F preparations, it is necessary to reproduce the model of vitamin F deficiency. An experimental model of vitamin F deficiency in white rats kept on a fat –free diet with the addition of coconut oil, which is almost completely free of unsaturated fatty acids, and saturated fatty acids make up almost 99 % of all fatty acids was developed. The total content of ω-6 PUFA (sum of linoleic and arachidonic acids), the content of ω-3 PUFA (α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) in neutral lipids (triglycerides and cholesterol esters) defined. Тhe content of ω-6 PUFA under the influence of coconut oil decreased by 3.3 times, and the content of ω-3 PUFA - by 7.5 times. Тhe influence of coconut oil, the content of ω-6 PUFA decreased by 2.1 times, and the content of ω-3 PUFA - by 2.8 times. The most strongly reduces the content of ω-3 PUFA, namely eicosapentaenoic, coconut oil, starting from 5 %. Consumption of FFD with a content of 15 % coconut oil reduces the content of eicosapentaenoic acid to zero, ie we have an absolute deficiency of one of the most important essential PUFAs, which determined the presence of vitamin F deficiency.

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Determinants of weight status for the residents of the northwest arctic borough of Alaska

Journal of Student Research ◽

10.47611/jsr.v10i2.1200 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Jeanne A. Lewis ◽

Anshul Pandya

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fast Food ◽

Weight Status ◽

Caloric Intake ◽

The Body ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Strong Negative Correlation

While the consumption of a market-based diet is increasing, subsistence food still forms a part of caloric intake for Northwest Arctic Borough of Alaska residents. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of consumption of a market-based diet compared to a subsistence diet on the body mass index (BMI) of the people living in this region. For this, 82 adult participants were recruited, and their weight and height were measured to calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI). The participants were asked to complete a questionnaire that included questions about their family background, lifestyle, physical fitness and dietary patterns. Linear regression models were used to examine BMI's association with variables of diet and physical activity, followed by correlational analysis between BMI and these variables. No significant correlation was identified between BMI and how often people ate a subsistence-based diet. A strong positive correlation was found between BMI and how often people eat food prepared in a restaurant or ate fast food and junk food. A strong negative correlation was found between BMI and frequency of exercise by the participants. Physical activity and consumption of a western diet rather than a subsistence diet are more significant determinants of BMI among Northwest Arctic Borough of Alaska residents. These results can be used as a baseline for further studies linking diet and health outcomes among this region's residents.

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Composition of a maternal high fat diet rich in satured fats and omega 3 in gestation and lactation for studies with rodents

Revista de Nutrição ◽

10.1590/1678-9865201932e180292 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

Author(s):

Laura Mata de Lima SILVA ◽

Aline Maria Nunes de Lira Gomes BLOISE ◽

Danilo Augusto Ferreira FONTES ◽

Katarynna Santos de ARAÚJO ◽

Mariana Oliveira BARBOSA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Mass ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Control Diet ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Abdominal Circumference ◽

Lactation Period ◽

Omega 3 ◽

High Fat

ABSTRACT Objective To prepare a high fat diet rich in satured fatty acids and supplemented with omega 3 for experimental studies in rodents. Methods Purified industrial ingredients and flaxseed oil as a source of omega 3 at a concentration of 3.5% (v/w) were used in the elaboration of the diets. Centesimal and nutritional compositions, fatty acids profile and dietary intake were evaluated. Serum levels of total protein, albumin, cholesterol and glucose in pregnant rats were verified. The offspring were assessed with regard to body mass and waist circumference. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anova One-Way test and Bonferroni post-test. Results High fat and high fat with omega 3 diets presented, respectively, 37% and 36% saturated fat, and the lipid amount was 80% higher than the American Institute of Nutrition 93G control diet. The omega 3 content was 50% higher in the high fat with omega 3 diet. There was no difference in consumption of diet types in weight (grams). The dams that received the High fat diet developed hypercholesterolemia and their High fat offspring exhibited higher body mass on the 1st day of life and increased abdominal circumference on the 30th day of life compared to the control and the high fat with omega 3 offspring. Conclusion The formulated diets with a higher amount of saturated fatty acids meet the nutritional requirements of the gestation and lactation period. The high fat diet with omega 3 was able to attenuate the changes observed in dams and their offspring.

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Intake of n-3 LCPUFA and trans-fatty acids is unrelated to development in body mass index and body fat among children

BMC Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s40795-021-00493-5 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xuan Ren ◽

Sofus Christian Larsen ◽

Lotte Lauritzen ◽

Jeanett Friis Rohde ◽

Lars Bo Andersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Regression Models ◽

Trans Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽

Substitution Effects ◽

Linear Regression Models

Abstract Background The number of children and adolescents with obesity has increased worldwide. Some studies have found an increase in the intake of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) to be beneficial for weight and obesity status. The objectives of this study were to examine if intake of trans-fatty acids (TFA) and n-3 LCPUFA at school start was associated with weight and body fat development in the following 3 and 7 years, and if substituting other fats for n-3 LCPUFA in regression models influenced weight and body fat development. Methods A total of 285 children (boys:130, girls:155) were included in this study. Weight, height and skinfold thickness (SF) of children were measured at age 6, 9 and 13 years by trained research personnel. Multivariate linear regression models were used to investigate the associations between n-3 LCPUFA or TFA intake and subsequent changes in body mass index (BMI) or SF. To investigate substitution effects, we constructed regression models including information on n-3 LCPUFA and all other energy given components of the diet, except for the nutrient to be substituted (all other fats and specific subgroups; saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)). Results No significant associations were observed between intake of TFA or n-3 LCPUFA and changes in BMI and SF. Also, results from regression analysis showed substituting other fats for n-3 LCPUFA did not associate with BMI or SF development. Conclusion The lack of associations between n-3 LCPUFA and TFA and adiposity suggests that fat composition in the diet does not play a major role in obesity development among school-aged children.

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Bioengineered Plants Can Be a Useful Source of Omega-3 Fatty Acids

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/7348919 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Waleed Amjad Khan ◽

Hu Chun-Mei ◽

Nadeem Khan ◽

Amjad Iqbal ◽

Shan-Wu Lyu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Essential Fatty Acids ◽

Daily Intake ◽

The Body ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Fish Stocks ◽

Genetic Modifications ◽

Recent Developments

Omega-3 fatty acids have proven to be very essential for human health due to their multiple health benefits. These essential fatty acids (EFAs) need to be uptaken through diet because they are unable to be produced by the human body. These are important for skin and hair growth as well as for proper visual, neural, and reproductive functions of the body. These fatty acids are proven to be extremely vital for normal tissue development during pregnancy and infancy. Omega-3 fatty acids can be obtained mainly from two dietary sources: marine and plant oils. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6 n-3) are the primary marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids. Marine fishes are high in omega-3 fatty acids, yet high consumption of those fishes will cause a shortage of fish stocks existing naturally in the oceans. An alternative source to achieve the recommended daily intake of EFAs is the demand of today. In this review article, an attempt has, therefore, been made to discuss the importance of omega-3 fatty acids and the recent developments in order to produce these fatty acids by the genetic modifications of the plants.

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Theoretical Explanation for Reduced Body Mass Index and Obesity Rates in Cannabis Users

10.20944/preprints201807.0197.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Thomas Clark ◽

Jessica Jones, ◽

Alexis Hall ◽

Sara Tabner ◽

Rebecca Kmiec

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Caloric Intake ◽

The United States ◽

Theoretical Explanation ◽

Metabolic Rates ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Reduced Body ◽

Omega 6 ◽

The Impact

Obesity is treatment-resistant, and is linked with a number of serious, chronic diseases. Adult obesity rates in the United States have tripled since the early 1960s. Recent reviews show that an increased ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids contributes to obesity rates by increasing levels of the endocannabinoid signals AEA and 2-AG, overstimulating CB1R and leading to increased caloric intake, reduced metabolic rates, and weight gain. Cannabis, or THC, also stimulates CB1R and increases caloric intake during acute exposures. The present meta-analysis reveals significantly reduced body mass index and rates of obesity in Cannabis users, in conjunction with increased caloric intake. We provide for the first time a causative explanation for this paradox, in which rapid and long-lasting downregulation of CB1R following acute Cannabis consumption reduces energy intake and storage and increases metabolic rates, thus reversing the impact on body mass index of elevated dietary omega-6/omega-3 ratios.

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