Perceived Traits of Male and Female Athletes

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darhl M. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female

Profiles of personality traits for male and female athletes were obtained from 133 men and 71 women raters. Traits were rated using a 7-point semantic differential with 11 bipolar items. A profile analysis showed that the profiles of the traits were distinct. There were no significant differences in the ratings by men and women raters. Male athletes were rated as more active, aggressive, competitive, dominating, controlling, instrumental, and public. Female athletes were rated as more goal-oriented, organized, and rule-governed.

Collegiate Athletes’ Gendered Perceptions of a Hypothetical Male and Female Coach

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-55
Author(s):  
Lori Rittenhouse-Wollmuth ◽  
Cindra S. Kamphoff ◽  
Jon Lim
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Head Coach ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Head ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Female Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Female Coaches

Historically, the world of sport is considered a masculine domain characterized by power, aggression, and physical contact (Hall, 1996). The exclusionary elements of the male culture of sport have created gender inequities in participation (Birrell & Theberge, 1994), and a gendered perception of male and female coaches (Frankl & Babitt, 1998; Weinberg, Reveles, & Jackson, 1984). The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of male and female collegiate athletes of a hypothetical male and female coach, and to determine if female coaches are more accepted compared to Weinberg et al.’s study investigating male and female athletes’ perceptions of a hypothetical coach. The Attitudinal Questionnaire (Weinberg, Reveles, & Jackson, 1984) was utilized to determine athletes’ attitudes about a hypothetical coach. A 2 × 2 MANOVA indicated a significant interaction between the gender of a hypothetical head coach and the gender of an athlete, and a significant main effect for gender. Univariate ANOVA results indicate that males and females differed in their attitudes and perceptions of both a hypothetical male and female head coach. The female athletes, compared to male athletes, were more likely to be accepting of coaches regardless of the coaches’ gender. Furthermore, male athletes were less accepting of female coaches. In addition, when comparing the means of the current study to Weinberg et al.’s (1984) study, results indicate that female coaches were not more accepted than in 1984.

scholarly journals Examination of Turkish extreme athletes' personality traits in terms of gender and some demographic factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 502
Author(s):  
Merve Ceylan ◽  
Ersin Altıparmak ◽  
Fahri Akçakoyun
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Short Form ◽  
T Test ◽  
Mountain Biking ◽  
Extreme Sports ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Dominant Society ◽  
Study Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Factors

<p> The present study was conducted for the purpose of examining the personality traits of extreme athletes. In line with this purpose a total of 227 extreme athletes, as 86 female and 141 male athletes selected through judgment sampling, that either actively compete or trains to compete in any of the branches of snowboarding, snowkiting, kitesurfing, windsurfing, river kayaking, mountain biking, free diving, paragliding and rafting were included within the sample group of the study. Questionnaire applications were carried out in extreme sports facilities throughout the country.</p><p>Within the scope of the study, an 85-item short form of the Five Factor Personality Scale developed by Somer, Korkmaz and Tatar was used as the data collection tool. Data analysis was carried out by means of the SPSS 16.0 software and the percentages frequencies, mean, standard deviation and to find the differences between the sexes "independent t" test were calculated.</p><p>Examining the obtained results showed that the male athletes have higher extravertion level from female athletes (p &lt;0.05). This finding obtained in our study suggest that, in an essentially male-dominant society, the higher level of pressure women are subjected to in social, economic, cultural and psychological terms and the difficulties and pressure they experience in the working life are significant factors for women to be more introvert.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Bu araştırma, ekstrem sporcuların kişilik özelliklerinin incelemesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda araştırmaya, yargısal örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilmiş, snowboard, snowkite, uçurtma sörfü, rüzgar sörfü, akarsu ve nehir kanosu, dağ bisikleti, serbest dalış, yamaç paraşütü, kaya tırmanışı ve rafting branşlarında yarışmacı olan ya da bir yarışmaya katılmak için hazırlık yapan, 86’sı kadın, 141’i erkek olmak üzere 227 ekstrem sporcu katılmıştır.  Anket uygulamaları, ülke genelinde bulunan ekstrem spor tesislerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir.</p><p> Araştırmada veri toplamak amacıyla Somer, Korkmaz ve Tatar tarafından geliştirilen beş faktör kişilik envanterinin 85 sorudan oluşan kısa forumu kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS programında kaydedilmiş, frekans, yüzde, aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma değerleri hesaplanmış ve cinsiyetler arası farklılığı bulmak için “independent samples t- test” kullanılarak yorumlanmıştır.</p><p>Elde edilen bulgular incelendiğinde, erkek sporcuların erkek sporcuların kadın sporculara oranla daha yüksek dışa dönük özellik gösterdiği görülmektedir (p &lt;0.05). Sonuç olarak; temelde erkek egemen bir toplumda, sosyal, ekonomik, kültürel ve psikolojik anlamda kadının daha çok baskıya maruz kalması, sosyal hayatında üstelendiği roller, iş hayatında karşılaşılan zorluk ve baskıların bir sonucu olarak, daha içe kapanık bir yapıya sahip olmalarında önemli bir etken olduğunu düşündürmektedir.</p>

scholarly journals Ultra Trail Performance is Differently Predicted by Endurance Variables in Men and Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Martinez-Navarro ◽  
Antonio Montoya-Vieco ◽  
Eladio Collado ◽  
Bárbara Hernando ◽  
Carlos Hernando
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Race Time ◽  
Maximal Fat Oxidation ◽  
Peak Speed

AbstractThe study aimed to assess the relationship between peak oxygen uptake, ventilatory thresholds and maximal fat oxidation with ultra trail male and female performance. 47 athletes (29 men and 18 women) completed a cardiopulmonary exercise test between 2 to 4 weeks before a 107-km ultra trail. Body composition was also analyzed using a bioelectrical impedance weight scale. Exploratory correlation analyses showed that peak oxygen uptake (men: r=–0.63, p=0.004; women: r=–0.85, p < 0.001), peak speed (men: r=–0.74, p < 0.001; women: r=–0.69, p=0.009), speed at first (men: r=–0.49, p=0.035; women: r=–0.76, p=0.003) and second (men: r=–0.73, p < 0.001; women: r=–0.76, p=0.003) ventilatory threshold, and maximal fat oxidation (men: r=–0.53, p=0.019; women: r=–0.59, p=0.033) were linked to race time in male and female athletes. Percentage of fat mass (men: r=0.58, p=0.010; women: r=0.62, p= 0.024) and lean body mass (men: r=–0.61, p=0.006; women: r=–0.61, p=0.026) were also associated with performance in both sexes. Subsequent multiple regression analyses revealed that peak speed and maximal fat oxidation together were able to predict 66% of male performance; while peak oxygen uptake was the only statistically significant variable explaining 69% of the variation in women’s race time. These results, although exploratory in nature, suggest that ultra trail performance is differently predicted by endurance variables in men and women.

Olympic Athletes and Heroism in Advertising: Gendered Concepts of Valor?

2002 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Robyn Goodman ◽  
Lisa L. Duke ◽  
John Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Olympic Athletes ◽  
Television Advertisements

This analysis of television advertisements aired during NBC's telecast of the 2000 NBC Summer Olympics examined advertisers' use of Jungian-based concepts of heroism and gendered concepts of heroism. Using traditional archetypes of heroes—the Innocent, Orphan, Martyr, Wanderer, Warrior, and Magician—the study analyzed commercials featuring Olympic athletes. Findings were that male and female athletes were equally portrayed as Warriors. However, male athletes were more likely to be portrayed as preparing for and doing battle successfully while female athletes were more likely to be celebrated for their athletic skills and achievements.

scholarly journals Somatotype of male and female judokas according to weight categories

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Roberto Roklicer ◽  
Dragan Atanasov ◽  
Filip Sadri ◽  
Dzenan Jahic ◽  
Danilo Bojanic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
National Level ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
The Body ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Method Analysis

SummaryStudy aim: The body structure can play a determining role in the achievement of top judo performance, and it seems to influence the type of techniques applied. The aim of this study is to determine the somatotypes in male and female national level judokas across weight categories in order to observe possible differences among athletes.Material and methods: A total of 61 male judokas (23.2 ± 2.7 years old) and 37 female judokas (22.3 ± 3.3 years old) participated in this study. Anthropometric variables were used to calculate somatotypes. Somatotypes were determined according to the Heath-Carter method. Analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test were used to determine differences between weight categories and obtained effect sizes (η2) were presented as well.Results: Somatotype differences among weight categories in male and female judokas were observed. Generally, all categories could be classified in three somatotypes in male and female athletes.Conclusions: The lightest categories were recognized as mesomorphic ectomorphs in females with an exception in the –48 kg category, and ectomorphic mesomorphs in male athletes. The middle ones had the endomorphic mesomorph somatotype and the heaviest athletes presented somewhat more extreme cases of endomorphic mesomorphs, both in male and female judokas. According to the results obtained, judokas have a specific body composition in different weight categories. Therefore, coaches could create a specific training programme for athletes who belong to different somatotypes.

scholarly journals Psychological Characteristics of Athletes at Student’s Education and Training Center in Bengkulu

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Yahya Eko Nopiyanto ◽  
Septian Raibowo ◽  
Gilang Ugo Prabowo
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Weight Lifting ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Training Center ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Student Training ◽  
Data Collection Technique

The study of athletes’ psychological characteristics in the education and students training center (PLPP) Bengkulu needs to be conducted as an effort to fix athletes’ training and achievement in PLPP Bengkulu. The purpose of this study was to determine the psychological difference between male and female athletes in the education and student training center (PPLP) of Bengkulu. Type of this research was quantitative with a comparative design. The subjects in this research were 26 athletes, namely 6 athletic athletes, 4 weight lifting athletes, 8 wrestling athletes, 4 karate athletes, and 4 boxing athletes. The data collection technique was conducted with the psychological skills inventory for sports that adopted from Mahoney, Gabriel & Perkins, (1987). Validity of the instrument is 0,21–0,35 and the reliability is 0,890. Data were analyzed using t-test with a significant level of 0.05. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be seen that male athletes have a mean of 133.52 while female athletes have a mean value of 142.72 and significant value 0f 0,60>0.05.  From results of this research, it was concluded that there were no difference in the psychological characteristics between male and female athletes in the education and students training center (PPLP) of Bengkulu. For the next researcher is expected to able using more samples and adding other research variables such as training of psychological skill and athletes personalities.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Athletic and Academic Cultures on a University Campus

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-124
Author(s):  
Kenneth Sellers ◽  
George B. Yancey ◽  
Kelsey C. Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Academic Department ◽  
Academic Departments ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Market Culture ◽  
Academic Cultures ◽  
Clan Culture ◽  
Sports Team

Abstract: In order to explore the differences between a student’s academic life and a scholar-athlete’s sports life, we investigated the organizational cultures of a university’s academic departments and sports teams by surveying 259 students and 230 student-athletes. We found the academic cultures to be more clannish (family oriented) and the sports cultures more market (performance and results) driven. For the female athletes, we found a negative relationship between clan culture and satisfaction with their sports team, while for everyone else (male and female students and male athletes) clan culture was positively related to satisfaction with academic department or sports team. Relatedly, for the female athletes, the relationship between market culture and satisfaction with their sports team was positive, while for everyone else (male and female students and male athletes) market culture was negatively related to satisfaction with academic department or sports team. This suggests that there are important differences between the experiences of male and female student-athletes. We also found the participants in the business school to be less clannish than those in the other schools and colleges. We discuss the practical implications of these results for coaches of male and female athletes and for campus leaders of academic departments.  

Use of the Personal Orientation Inventory with Disabled Athletes

1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudine Sherrill ◽  
Tamara Gilstrap ◽  
Kenneth Richir ◽  
Barbara Gench ◽  
Marilyn Hinson
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Personal Orientation Inventory ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Hand Eye Coordination ◽  
Personal Orientation ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Athletes who are blind or have impairments in hand-eye coordination that prevent writing are unable to complete psychological inventories in the standardized manner, i.e., read silently and answered independently and anonymously. Two studies were conducted on the oral administration of the Personal Orientation Inventory as a measure of self-actualization of disabled athletes. Reliabilities were examined across modalities (oral vs written) by administering the inventory both ways to 25 high school and college athletes, M age = 21.6 yr. Test-retest reliability for oral administration was affirmed in a study of 15 blind elite male athletes and 15 cerebral palsied elite male and female athletes. It was concluded that the inventory, administered orally, may be appropriately used with disabled athletes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Use of Nutrition Support Products in Taekwondo Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinan Seyhan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Nutrition Support ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
High Level

The purpose of this study was to determine the use of nutrition support products by male and female athletes who are involved in taekwondo and their level of knowledge in this respect. The sample group was formed with male and female (n=300) athletes who are actively involved in taekwondo. 300 of the collected questionnaires, which were determined to have been filled in correctly, were evaluated. Of the questionnaires evaluated, 108 belonged to female taekwondo athletes and 192 belonged to male taekwondo athletes. The arithmetic average, standard deviation and percent frequency (%) distributions of the obtained data were calculated. It was stated that 47.4% of male athletes and 41.7% of female athletes use the nutrition support products and the most preferred products by male athletes are protein powder (38%); amino acid (18.2%); vitamin (13.5%); mineral 8.9%; creatine (9.4%) and other nutrition support products (%12). It was found that female athletes also use the same products and these products are protein powder (30.6%); amino acid (15.7%); vitamin (18.5%); mineral 13%; creatine (8.3%) and other nutrition support products (13.9%). It was determined that the use of nutrition support products in male athletes was provided through doctor (20.8%), pharmacist (10.9%), friends (10.4%) and neighbors (3.6%), and in female athletes, through doctor (23.1%), pharmacist (16.7%), friends (6.5%) and neighbors (2.8%). Reasons for taekwondo athletes to use nutrition support products were to improve their athletic performance for 65.1% of males and 67.6% of females, and to cope with the fatigue for 17.2% of males and 17.6% of females. Our study results show that athletes who are involved in taekwondo use nutrition support products at a high level in order to increase their athletic performances. It is important for athletes using nutrition support products to use these products under the supervision of an expert for their health.

scholarly journals Running Performance of Male Versus Female Players in Australian Football Matches: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Wing ◽  
Nicolas H. Hart ◽  
Callum McCaskie ◽  
Petar Djanis ◽  
Fadi Ma’ayah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Analysis Window ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background Australian Football is a fast paced, intermittent sport, played by both male and female populations. The aim of this systematic review was to compare male and female Australian Football players, competing at elite and sub-elite levels, for running performance during Australian Football matches based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Methods Medline, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science searches, using search terms inclusive of Australian Football, movement demands and microsensor technology, returned 2535 potential manuscripts, of which 33 were included in the final analyses. Results Results indicated that male athletes performed approximately twice the total running distances of their female counterparts, which was likely due to the differences in quarter length (male elite = 20 min, female elite = 15 min (plus time-on). When expressed relative to playing time, the differences between males and females somewhat diminished. However, high-speed running distances covered at velocities > 14.4 km·h−1 (> 4 m·s−1) were substantially greater (≥ 50%) for male than female players. Male and female players recorded similar running intensities during peak periods of play of shorter duration (e.g., around 1 min), but when the analysis window was lengthened, females showed a greater decrement in running performance. Conclusion These results suggest that male players should be exposed to greater training volumes, whereas training intensities should be reasonably comparable across male and female athletes.

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