scholarly journals Feasibility study of the construction of foundations with a convex upward curved shape of the contact surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Tsygankova
Keyword(s):  
Contact Surface ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Traditional Technology ◽  
Convex Upward ◽  
Total Labor ◽  
Concrete Shell ◽  
Slab Foundation

In the article the comparison of the two technologies of foundations: the traditional technology of cast-in-situ solid slab Foundation and the alternative technology foundations with the upward-convex curved shape of the contact surface. The foundation with an upward curved contact surface is a geometrically complex structure consisting of monolithic belts (support contours), united by flat cylindrical shells convex upwards with respect to the ground, made along the curved surface of the soil mass with an undisturbed natural structure. Due to the joint work of monolithic belts and a reinforced concrete shell located in the span of the foundation, made along the curved contact surface of the ground mass, this foundation structure is an alternative to a solid slab foundation. When the support contours are drained under load, the reinforcement of the shell is tensioned, the soil under the shell is compressed and thus the soil is involved in the work, which allows increasing the strength characteristics of the foundation and reducing the overall draft of the building. The author of the article describes the structural and technological features of this type of foundation. Due to the complex geometric shape of the foundation under study, the total labor costs and the duration of the work increase in the construction practice. As part of the study, two types of foundations were compared according to technological and economic indicators, using the example with the specified geometric parameters. As a result of the obtained data, an increase in labor costs for performing manual molding of the soil mass and the device of a monolithic convex up shell of the foundation in comparison with the traditional technology of the device of a solid slab foundation was revealed. But at the same time, a reduction in direct costs by 30 % was revealed in the construction of a band-shell foundation, due to a reduction in the consumption of steel and concrete, which determines the effectiveness of this type of foundation and expands its scope in the construction of buildings and structures.

scholarly journals Agents’ ontologies negotiation in cohesive hybrid intelligent multi-agent systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 2094 (3) ◽  
pp. 032033
Author(s):  
I A Kirikov ◽  
S V Listopad ◽  
A S Luchko
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Agents ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Multi Agent Systems ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Agent Systems ◽  
Development Teams ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Domain Models

Abstract The paper proposes the model for negotiating intelligent agents’ ontologies in cohesive hybrid intelligent multi-agent systems. Intelligent agent in this study will be called relatively autonomous software entity with developed domain models and goal-setting mechanisms. When such agents have to work together within single hybrid intelligent multi-agent systems to solve some problem, the working process “go wild”, if there are significant differences between the agents’ “points of view” on the domain, goals and rules of joint work. In this regard, in order to reduce labor costs for integrating intelligent agents into a single system, the concept of cohesive hybrid intelligent multi-agent systems was proposed that implement mechanisms for negotiating goals, domain models and building a protocol for solving the problems posed. The presence of these mechanisms is especially important when building intelligent systems from intelligent agents created by various independent development teams.

Techno-Economic Impact of Diesel Fuel, Labor, and Interest Rates on Bulk-Format and Round Bale Logistics Expenses for Switchgrass

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-879
Author(s):  
Alvin R. Womac ◽  
Mitch D. Groothuis
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Shear Failure ◽  
List Type ◽  
Fuel Cost ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Total Labor

HighlightsSystem-wide sensitivity of bulk-format and round bale logistics responded to different degrees of expense inputs.Biomass size-reduction expenses for bulk-format were consistently less than round-bale chopping.Stack/reclaim operations with high-density-capacity equipment for bulk-format were the highest expenses.Clean-sheet design of stacker/reclaimer and self-compacting bulk trailer may significantly reduce expenses.Abstract. Deterministic cost analyses were conducted for a harvest, storage, preprocessing, and supply system providing 371,870 dry Mg (dMg) year-1 of milled switchgrass (SG) to a biorefinery from 21,929 ha of production fields within 72 km of the biorefinery. Varied input costs of diesel fuel, labor, and interest rate were input into a highly detailed cost analysis for bulk-format and baseline round bale logistics. These operational input factors, potentially reflecting an evolving economic climate or paradigm shift, were examined to provide insight into the cost to deliver preprocessed biomass feedstock for centralized commercial-scale conversions. Total annual costs per dry unit of SG were determined for all combinations of diesel fuel prices of $0.53 L-1, $0.92 L-1, and $1.32 L-1; total labor costs of $20.00 h-1, $28.85 h-1, and $40.00 h-1 singly and uniformly applied across all labor inputs; and three representative interest rates of 6%, 8%, and 12%. Increases in total cost most depended on increases in diesel fuel cost, followed by labor rate, and finally interest rate. Increases in fuel costs from $0.53 L-1 to $1.32 L-1 yielded a total cost increase of about $11.56 dMg-1 and $13.36 dMg-1 for bulk-format and round bale logistics, respectively, for all combinations of labor and interest rates. The overall increase in labor rate ($20.00 h-1 to $40.85 h-1) resulted in increased total costs of about $10.32 dMg-1 for bulk-format logistics and $9.94 dMg-1 for round bale logistics for all fuel and interest rates. The overall increase in interest rate (6% to 12%) resulted in increased total costs of about $6.72 dMg-1 for bulk-format logistics and $4.21 dMg-1 for round bale logistics for all fuel and labor rates. Increases in total costs for combined increases in fuel cost, labor rate, and interest rate were $28.60 dMg-1 and $27.48 dMg-1, yielding maximum total costs of $87.87 dMg-1 and $86.53 dMg-1 for bulk-format and round bale logistics, respectively. Costs were determined for existing equipment systems, including novel use of waste compaction and ejector semi-trailers. The highest potential for cost reductions may require clean-sheet equipment designs specifically tailored for SG, such as forage harvesters that direct-cut standing SG, mobilized stacker-reclaimer technology to not inhibit stack-area footprint, self-compacting ejector trailer technology, and bale grinding technology incorporating controlled mass feeding and shear failure elements. Keywords: Bales, Bioenergy, Bulk-format, Densification, Field chop, Logistics, Transportation

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF INTERSECTORAL ECONOMIC FACTORS ON EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLL

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (44) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
E.A. Edinak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
The Real ◽  
Sectoral Structure ◽  
Total Labor ◽  
The Impact

The target of the research is the sphere of employment of the Russian labor market. The author attempts to assess the total labor costs in the sectoral context and the intersectoral structure of jobs in the economy. The aim of the study is to analyze retrospective indicators of the number and sectoral structure of employment, quantitative estimates of the impact on it of the parameters of economic dynamics. The analysis of the coefficients showed that the branches of the real sector and the service sector are characterized by different abilities to create jobs, which are determined by the structure of production in the economy. With the growth of production in the sectors of the real sector, the demand for employment (exceeding the size of the intrasectoral one) is formed more in related sectors. Most service industries have a low potential for inducing jobs in the economy. The article also substantiates that a change in final demand for the same amount in industries is differently transformed into labor income in the economy. In the service sector, the largest growth in payroll funds was recorded with a minimum increase in the income of workers in related industries. In the production sector, the situation is the opposite: the growth of final demand generates incomes for workers in related industries with a lower direct effect. The research is based on the input-output tables published by Rosstat and the symmetric input-output balance table obtained on their basis for 2017. The results of the study and the conclusions drawn are a tool for assessing the effectiveness of economic policy measures aimed at supporting and/or developing industries in terms of their impact on employment and income growth of the working population.

scholarly journals COHERENT STATES AND THE QUANTIZATION OF (1+1)-DIMENSIONAL YANG–MILLS THEORY

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1281-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRIAN C. HALL
Keyword(s):  
Phase Space ◽  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Coherent States ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Canonical Quantization ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Bargmann Transform ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
New Family

This paper discusses the canonical quantization of (1+1)-dimensional Yang–Mills theory on a spacetime cylinder from the point of view of coherent states, or equivalently, the Segal–Bargmann transform. Before gauge symmetry is imposed, the coherent states are simply ordinary coherent states labeled by points in an infinite-dimensional linear phase space. Gauge symmetry is imposed by projecting the original coherent states onto the gauge-invariant subspace, using a suitable regularization procedure. We obtain in this way a new family of "reduced" coherent states labeled by points in the reduced phase space, which in this case is simply the cotangent bundle of the structure group K. The main result explained here, obtained originally in a joint work of the author with B. Driver, is this: The reduced coherent states are precisely those associated to the generalized Segal–Bargmann transform for K, as introduced by the author from a different point of view. This result agrees with that of K. Wren, who uses a different method of implementing the gauge symmetry. The coherent states also provide a rigorous way of making sense out of the quantum Hamiltonian for the unreduced system. Various related issues are discussed, including the complex structure on the reduced phase space and the question of whether quantization commutes with reduction.

scholarly journals Labour Taxation – A Comparative Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Claudia Florina Radu ◽  
Florin Dumiter ◽  
Laura Opret
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Labor Income ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Labour Taxation ◽  
Total Labor ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

Abstract In our paper we aim to analyze the tax wedge between labor costs and net wage, this being the main indicator for assessing the tax burden on labor. We analyze the components of the tax wedge and its evolution in time, in the OECD countries and in Romania. In this way we can get an image of the total labor cost, observing that our country belongs to countries where labor taxes have a very high level. Thus, from our analysis we showed that in Romania the tax wedge is around 42%, while the OECD average was only 35.9%. In these circumstances it is necessary to adopt certain measures for shifting the tax burden from labor to other tax bases, with the purpose of a fiscal relaxation of labor income

Managing Total Labor Costs

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Michael A. Guthman
Keyword(s):  
Labor Costs ◽  
Total Labor

scholarly journals Evaluation of the influence of manufacturing errors on the quality of sealing joints installation

2018 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 01137
Author(s):  
Aleksey Tarakhovskiy ◽  
Vadim Kramar
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Labor Intensity ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Manufacturing Errors ◽  
Total Labor

In production process, the leading role belongs to installation as a final stage, where the main quality indicators, reliability and durability of the produced objects are formed. However, the analysis of machine building development trends in the recent years shows that even in such highly automated industries as automobile and tractor construction, in view of labor intensity, installation takes second place after machining. In the general structure of labor intensity of machine manufacture, it amounts to 35-60% of the total labor intensity and exceeds labor costs at all stages of production [1]. In machine building, about 25-30% of operations are mechanized, and no more than 5-6% of operations are automated [1]. Therefore, installation works are inefficient and expensive, resulting in the significant increase of the finished product cost and decrease of its quality.

scholarly journals VETERINARY SERVICE OF THE DAIRY COMPLEX: PROBLEMS AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
S.M. Domolazov ◽  
◽  
A.F. Shagieva ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Annual Number ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Medical Work ◽  
Service Workers ◽  
Veterinary Service ◽  
Diagnostic Studies ◽  
Complex Problems ◽  
Total Labor ◽  
Average Annual Number ◽  
Agricultural Organization

The article analyzes the activities of the veterinary service of a large livestock enterprise during which it was found that the average annual number of sick cows with one or another non-infectious pathology is 968 heads (30 % of the total livestock), while medical work is only 16 % of the total labor costs. in addition, the responsibilities of veterinary specialists include conducting diagnostic studies, preventive vaccinations, measures for the prevention of non-communicable pathology at the complex, veterinary and sanitary work, etc. The analysis of the need for veterinary specialists of the analyzed agricultural organization was carried out to establish the compliance of the existing number of veterinary service workers with the standards, calculations found that 13 veterinary specialists are needed for effective veterinary service of the farm, with 8 available.

scholarly journals Порівняльна характеристика ефективності різних способів випасання м’ясних корів із телятами на підсисі абердин-ангуської породи

2018 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
О. І. Колісник ◽  
В. Г. Прудніков ◽  
Ю. І. Криворучко ◽  
С. А. Нагорний
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Human Labor ◽  
Total Labor ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
Grazing Livestock

Розглянуто питання щодо проведення порівняльної характеристики різних способів випасання м’ясних корів з телятами на підсисі абердин-ангуської породи на природних пасовищах Лісостепу України та розраховано технологічні карти з послідовними процесами з урахуванням поопераційних витрат праці за добу й увесь пасовищний період. Встановлена доцільність більш ширшого застосування електропастухів під час випасання м’ясної худоби за рахунок економії людської праці, меншої кількості працюючих та більш ефективного  використання пасовищ. Breeding cattle is the most important means of making beef production in the conditions of meat cattle breeding, which saves a significant amount of concentrated feed, labor resources, fuel and lubricants, and gives the opportunity to get high-quality cheap beef. In conditions of the Eastern region of Ukraine, when raising the beef of the Aberdeen-Angus breed, resource-saving technology of meat cattle breeding is used. The purpose of these studies was to carry out a comparative study of the various methods of grazing beef cattle with calves in the subsystem on natural pastures and to establish the most effective, low-cost method with subsequent calculations of technological maps with consistent operational processes taking into account labor costs per day and the entire pasturing period. It was found that labor costs significantly influenced the way of grazing livestock, especially when using electric paddle, horse, or foot. Thus, the rates of time spent using the electric heath make up 0,54 minutes/head during its installation and 1,28 minutes/head for general operations, using a horse and grazing on foot – 8,75 and 11,5 min/head, respectively. The greatest percentage of man-hours expenses is attributable to general operations: when grazing on foot is 85.3 %, while grazing with a horse – 81.4 %, and with the use of electric paddle – 45.3 %, including the installation of electrical appliances – 10 %. That is, the advantage of economical use of human labor was on the side of the last method of grazing cattle. Total labor costs in other organically-technological operations of the pasturing period, such as loading, transportation, distribution of feed for the feeding of calves and cows, as well as the supply of water, were 1080 human-hours/per period. In order to ensure the fulfillment of all the necessary technological processes and operations in keeping the Aberdeen-Angus cows with calves on the subspecies (220 heads) during the grazing period, natural grazing in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine requires the following number of workers: when grazing on foot – 9 people, while grazing with a horse – 7.5 people, using electric paddle – 4 people. Consequently, the expediency of wider use of electric paddles in grazing livestock has been established due to the saving of human labor, fewer workers and more efficient use of pastures.

scholarly journals IMULATION MODELING OF PROCESSES OF UNIT-ASSEMBLY PRODUCTION OF AIRCRAFT PRODUCTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
R.A. Salaev ◽  
◽  
A.A. Fedorov ◽  
A.V. Salaeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Total Labor ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Assembly Production

The article presents a universal simulation model of aggregate and Assembly production processes based on IDEF0 methods and numerical modeling methods. The problem statement is formed as follows: it is necessary to analyze the existing simulation tools, structure the Assembly production processes into separate classes and subclasses, describe the processes using the IDEF0 method, create a simulation model of the aggregate-Assembly production process with a link between economic and labor costs. The total labor intensity of Assembly processes and economic costs were considered as optimization criteria in this study. Numerical modeling and optimization of workflow parameters were performed in the AnyLogic simulation environment. The obtained simulation models can be used in the future in the management system of aviation enterprises, as well as in other production areas where the product is a complex system.

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