scholarly journals Ethnic aspects of vitamin D deficiency

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 540-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Correia ◽  
Maria do Socorro Azevedo ◽  
Fernando Gondim ◽  
Francisco Bandeira
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to bone fragility in children and adults, and to an increased risk of chronic diseases. The main sources of vitamin D are the diet and cutaneous synthesis, the latter being the most important one, since foods are relatively poor in vitamin D. The main factors influencing this endogenous production are the seasons, the time of day, latitude and skin phototype. Due to the contribution of sun exposure in maintaining vitamin D levels, it would be expected that this deficiency would be more prevalent in countries at a high latitude; it has been shown, however, that hypovitaminosis D is commonly found in tropical regions such as Brazil. In high latitude regions in which extreme skin phototypes have been compared, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is more common in people with originally darker skin who have a natural barrier to the already lower UV irradiation penetrating the skin. In Brazil, particularly in the areas where sun rays are more abundant, the difference in sunlight exposure between subjects showed no significant variation in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD).

scholarly journals Vitamin D deficiency: a global perspective

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Bandeira ◽  
Luiz Griz ◽  
Patricia Dreyer ◽  
Catia Eufrazino ◽  
Cristina Bandeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Increased Risk

Vitamin D is essential for the maintenance of good health. Its sources can be skin production and diet intake. Most humans depend on sunlight exposure (UVB 290315 nm) to satisfy their requirements for vitamin D. Solar ultraviolet B photons are absorbed by the skin, leading to transformation of 7-dehydrocholesterol into vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). Season, latitude, time of day, skin pigmentation, aging, sunscreen use, all influence the cutaneous production of vitamin D3. Vitamin D deficiency not only causes rickets among children but also precipitates and exacerbates osteoporosis among adults and causes the painful bone disease osteomalacia. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased risk for other morbidities such as cardiovascular disease, type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer, especially of the colon and prostate. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is considerable even in low latitudes and should be taken into account in the evaluation of postmenopausal and male osteoporosis. Although severe vitamin D deficiency leading to rickets or osteomalacia is rare in Brazil, there is accumulating evidence of the frequent occurrence of subclinical vitamin D deficiency, especially in elderly people.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency in Older Patients—Problems of Sarcopenia, Drug Interactions, Management in Deficiency

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1247
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kupisz-Urbańska ◽  
Paweł Płudowski ◽  
Ewa Marcinowska-Suchowierska
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Vitamin D deficiency frequently occurs in older people, especially in individuals with comorbidity and polypharmacotherapy. In this group, low vitamin D plasma concentration is related to osteoporosis, osteomalacia, sarcopenia and myalgia. Vitamin D levels in humans is an effect of the joint interaction of all vitamin D metabolic pathways. Therefore, all factors interfering with individual metabolic stages may affect 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma concentration. The known factors affecting vitamin D metabolism interfere with cytochrome CYP3A4 activity. There is another group of factors that impairs intestinal vitamin D absorption. The phenomenon of drugs and vitamin D interactions is observed first and foremost in patients with comorbidity. This is a typical situation, where the absence of “hard evidence” is not synonymous with the possible lack of adverse effects. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia (generalized and progressive decrease of skeletal muscle mass and strength) are some of the musculoskeletal consequences of hypovitaminosis D. These consequences are related to an increased risk of adverse outcomes, including bone fractures, physical disabilities, and a lower quality of life. This can lead not only to an increased risk of falls and fractures but is also one of the main causes of frailty syndrome in the aging population. Generally, Vitamin D plasma concentration is significantly lower in subjects with osteoporosis and muscle deterioration. In some observational and uncontrolled treatment studies, vitamin D supplementation resulted in a reduction of proximal myopathy and muscle pain. The most conclusive results were found in subjects with severe vitamin D deficiency and in patients avoiding large doses of vitamin D. However, the role of vitamin D in muscle pathologies is not clear and research has provided conflicting results. This is plausibly due to the heterogeneity of the subjects, vitamin D doses and environmental factors. This report presents data on some problems with vitamin D deficiency in the elderly population and the management of vitamin D deficiency D in successful or unsuccessful aging.

Prevalence of Vitamin-D Deficiency in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in Syria

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 3544-3548
Author(s):  
Aya Hallak ◽  
Malhis Mahmoud ◽  
Yaser Abajy Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
25 Hydroxy Vitamin D ◽  
Coronary Syndromes

The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with acute coronary syndrome in comparison with normal individuals and study the correlation between these two conditions. We measured the plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH-D) levels in 60 patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) of both gender and in 30 age matched control individuals of both gender without any known cardiovascular or systemic diseases. The levels of 25-OH-D were measured by ELISA method and the results were statically analyzed to find out any possible correlation. We classified the cases according to their plasma 25(OH)D levels. 25(OH)D levels of ≥ 30 ng/ml were considered normal, levels < 30 and > 20 ng/ml were classified as insufficient, while levels of ≤ 20 ng/ml were classified as deficient. In the current study the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in the patients group was much higher than it was in the control group. Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 80% and insufficiency in 13% of total patients of ACS, there by bringing the total count to 93%. Whereas only 7% of the patients had adequate vitamin D levels. Thus, these results indicate the existence of a significant correlation between the vitamin D deficiency and ACS in comparison to healthy controls

scholarly journals Vitamin D status and 3-month Glasgow Outcome Scale scores in patients in neurocritical care: prospective analysis of 497 patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 1635-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Guan ◽  
Michael Karsy ◽  
Andrea A. Brock ◽  
Ilyas M. Eli ◽  
Gabrielle M. Manton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Glasgow Outcome Scale ◽  
Neurocritical Care ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Simplified Acute Physiology Score ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

OBJECTIVEVitamin D deficiency has been associated with a variety of negative outcomes in critically ill patients, but little focused study on the effects of hypovitaminosis D has been performed in the neurocritical care population. In this study, the authors examined the effect of vitamin D deficiency on 3-month outcomes after discharge from a neurocritical care unit (NCCU).METHODSThe authors prospectively analyzed 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in patients admitted to the NCCU of a quaternary care center over a 6-month period. Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores were used to evaluate their 3-month outcome, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the effects of vitamin D deficiency.RESULTSFour hundred ninety-seven patients met the inclusion criteria. In the binomial logistic regression model, patients without vitamin D deficiency (> 20 ng/dl) were significantly more likely to have a 3-month GOS score of 4 or 5 than those who were vitamin D deficient (OR 1.768 [95% CI 1.095–2.852]). Patients with a higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) (OR 0.925 [95% CI 0.910–0.940]) and those admitted for stroke (OR 0.409 [95% CI 0.209–0.803]) or those with an “other” diagnosis (OR 0.409 [95% CI 0.217–0.772]) were significantly more likely to have a 3-month GOS score of 3 or less.CONCLUSIONSVitamin D deficiency is associated with worse 3-month postdischarge GOS scores in patients admitted to an NCCU. Additional study is needed to determine the role of vitamin D supplementation in the NCCU population.

scholarly journals Reducing hypovitaminosis D among Somali immigrants in Minnesota: a narrative review

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
Leah Qubty ◽  
Basil Aboul-Enein ◽  
Lori Bechard ◽  
Joshua Bernstein ◽  
Joanna Kruk
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Somali Refugees ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Usa

PurposeSomalia is an East African nation with a history of civil unrest that produced a significant influx of refugees in the USA in the last 25 years. Between 2000 and 2010, 40 percent of all US Somali refugees settled in Minnesota, which produces new cultural and health challenges for local communities and the state government. One such challenge is vitamin D deficiency, or hypovitaminosis D (Hv-D). Hv-D is developed through insufficient exposure to sunlight and low nutrient intake leading to increased risk for weakness and inflammation, oral health problems, diabetes, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases and malignancies. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachIn this narrative review, demographic, geographic and cultural information about Somali immigration are discussed.FindingsRecent data suggest Somalis living in northern climates (Minnesota, the USA, Helsinki, Finland, Sweden and the UK) experience significant deficiencies in vitamin D. Vitamin D is stimulated by ultraviolet light exposure, a balanced and healthy diet, and dietary supplementation. High unemployment rates affecting access to health information and clinical services, significant cultural differences and climate differences pre-dispose this population to Hv-D. Health education and health promotion programming at the community and state levels in Minnesota should recognize the risk factors associated with Hv-D and the vulnerability of Somali refugees.Originality/valueCurrent and future health programming should be re-assessed for adequate attention to vitamin D deficiency and cultural competency associated with the Somali immigrant population.

scholarly journals Serum Vitamin D Level in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Association with Sun Exposure: Experience from a Tertiary Care, Teaching Hospital in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tauseef Akhtar ◽  
Ramesh Aggarwal ◽  
Sachin Kumar Jain
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Artery Disease

Background. Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, has various extraskeletal effects, and several human and animal studies have suggested that vitamin D deficiency may be a contributory factor in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, such studies in the Indian subcontinent are either lacking or have shown conflicting results. Methods. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 121 patients with CAD from a tertiary care center and their 80 age-matched healthy controls. Serum vitamin D levels along with serum and urine chemistries were measured in both the groups. The average duration of sun exposure/day and use of sunscreen were also considered in the study cohort using a questionnaire. Serum vitamin D levels were categorized into deficient (<30 nmol/lit), insufficient (30–75 nmol/lit), and sufficient (>75 nmol/lit) groups. Results. Among the cases, 51.2% of the patients were vitamin D deficient and 44.6% patients had insufficient vitamin D levels, whereas among controls, 40% and 31% of the population had deficient and insufficient levels of vitamin D, respectively. However, the mean value of the serum vitamin D level was not statistically different in the cases as compared to that of the controls (34.06 vs 40.19 nmol/lit) (P=0.08). Corrected serum calcium (9.26 vs 9.59 mg%) (P≤0.0001) and serum albumin levels (4.21 vs 4.75 gm%) (P≤0.0001) were lower in the cases than those of the controls. The average sun exposure/day was higher among the cases than that among the controls (2.93 vs 1.85 hours) (P=0.001). Conclusion. Vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent in Indian population despite abundant sunshine, and the duration of sun exposure is not correlated with serum vitamin D levels. Vitamin D deficiency is not associated with CAD. However, serum calcium is deficient in CAD patients as compared to the controls. Large-scale studies are required to explore the association further to evaluate the benefits of screening and correction of vitamin D deficiency in patients with CAD.

scholarly journals Does Vitamin D play a role in the management of Covid-19 in Brazil?

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Ribeiro ◽  
Keila Valente de Souza de Santana ◽  
Sofia Lizarralde Oliver ◽  
Patricia Helen de Carvalho Rondó ◽  
Marcela Moraes Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

The study discusses the possible role of adequate vitamin D status in plasma or serum for preventing acute respiratory infections during the Covid-19 pandemic. Our arguments respond to an article, published in Italy, that describes the high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in older Italian women and raises the possible preventive and therapeutic role of optimal vitamin D levels. Based on literature review, we highlight the findings regarding the protective role of vitamin D for infectious diseases of the respiratory system. However, randomized controlled trials are currently lacking. Adequate vitamin D status is obtained from sun exposure and foods rich in vitamin D. Studies in Brazil have shown that hypovitaminosis D is quite common in spite of high insolation. Authors recommend ecological, epidemiological and randomized controlled trials studies to verify this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Role of Vitamin D in Cardiometabolic Diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoxun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Vitamin D deficiency is a highly prevalent condition. Low vitamin D levels have long been associated with bone diseases, such as rickets in children and osteomalacia and osteoporosis in adults. However, it has become apparent in recent years that adequate vitamin D levels are also important for optimal functioning of many organs and tissues throughout the body, including the cardiovascular system. Evolving data indicate that vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies have shown that low vitamin D levels are associated with hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, left ventricular hypertrophy, and chronic vascular inflammation, all of which are risk factors for CVD. This paper reviews the definition and pathophysiology of vitamin D deficiency, clinical evidence linking vitamin D and CVD risk, diabetes and its complications, and metabolic syndrome.

A prospective analysis of hypovitaminosis D and mortality in 400 patients in the neurocritical care setting

2017 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Guan ◽  
Michael Karsy ◽  
Andrea A. Brock ◽  
Ilyas M. Eli ◽  
Holly K. Ledyard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Neurocritical Care ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVEHypovitaminosis D is highly prevalent among the general population. Studies have shown an association between hypovitaminosis D and multiple negative outcomes in critical care patients, but there has been no prospective evaluation of vitamin D in the neurological critical care population. The authors examined the impact of vitamin D deficiency on in-hospital mortality and a variety of secondary outcomes.METHODSThe authors prospectively collected 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels of all patients admitted to the neurocritical care unit (NCCU) of a quaternary-care center over a 3-month period. Demographic data, illness acuity, in-hospital mortality, infection, and length of hospitalization were collected. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine the effects of vitamin D deficiency.RESULTSFour hundred fifteen patients met the inclusion criteria. In-hospital mortality was slightly worse (9.3% vs 4.5%; p = 0.059) among patients with deficient vitamin D (≤ 20 ng/dl). There was also a higher rate of urinary tract infection in patients with vitamin D deficiency (12.4% vs 4.2%; p = 0.002). For patients admitted to the NCCU on an emergency basis (n = 285), higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (OR 13.8, 95% CI 1.7–110.8; p = 0.014), and vitamin D deficiency (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.0–8.6; p = 0.042) were significantly associated with increased in-hospital mortality after adjusting for other factors.CONCLUSIONSIn the subset of patients admitted to the NCCU on an emergency basis, vitamin D deficiency is significantly associated with higher in-hospital mortality. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings and to investigate the role of vitamin D supplementation in these patients.

scholarly journals Social Disadvantage Is Associated With Lower Vitamin D Levels in Older People and There Is No Surrogate for Its Measurement

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 233372141769784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian H. Heald ◽  
Simon G. Anderson ◽  
Jonathan J. Scargill ◽  
Andrea Short ◽  
David Holland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Older People ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Total Vitamin ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Lower Vitamin

Introduction: There is increasing evidence concerning adverse health consequences of low vitamin D levels. We determined whether there is any surrogate for measuring vitamin D in people older than 70 years and the relation between index of multiple deprivation (IMD) and vitamin D levels. Methods: Blood samples from 241 patients were included in this analysis. Concurrent measurements for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and bone profile are reported. Results: The prevalence of total vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency (defined as total vitamin D <50 nmol/L) was 57.5% overall. Even for patients with vitamin D deficiency, a significant proportion had PTH, normal calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase levels. For patients with vitamin D <25 nmol/L, 62.7% had a PTH within reference range, 83.1% had normal serum-adjusted calcium, 80.6% had normal phosphate, and 85.1% had a normal serum alkaline phosphatase. With increasing quintiles of IMD, there was a 22% increased risk of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency from quintiles 1 to 5, in age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression models (odds ratio [OR] = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [1.01, 1.47]; p = .034). Conclusion: No other parameter is currently adequate for screening for vitamin D deficiency in older people. A higher IMD is associated with lower vitamin D levels in older people.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document