scholarly journals Relationship among Periodontal Disease, Insulin Resistance, Salivary Cortisol, and Stress Levels during Pregnancy

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Castilho Garcia Seraphim ◽  
Fernando Yamamoto Chiba ◽  
Renato Felipe Pereira ◽  
Maria Sara de Lima Coutinho Mattera ◽  
Suzely Adas Saliba Moimaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Periodontal Condition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stress Levels

Abstract Pregnancy is a period involving important metabolic changes that enable the maintenance of the mother's health and development of the fetus. This study aimed to assess the relationship among periodontal disease, insulin resistance, salivary cortisol concentration and level of perceived stress in pregnant women. This was a cross-sectional study. The sample comprised 96 pregnant women between the fifth and seventh month of pregnancy registered at the Basic Health Units of the Unified Health System (SUS). The periodontal condition was assessed after obtainment free and informed consent from the participants. Participants were divided into three groups: control subjects with a healthy periodontal condition (CN; n=46), patients with gingivitis (GI; n=26), and patients with periodontitis (PI; n=24). Saliva and blood samples were collected for evaluation of salivary cortisol concentration, glycemia, insulinemia and Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance index. A validated survey for the assessment of perceived stress levels was also performed. PI group showed significantly higher (p<0.05) blood glucose levels (CN: 4.43±0.05; GI: 4.46±0.04; PI: 4.68±0.08), insulinemy (CN: 6.93±0.45; GI: 8.87±0.79; PI: 12.77±1.30), insulin resistance (CN: 1.40±0.10; GI: 1.81±0.18; PI: 2.66±0.29) compared with the CN and GI groups. The levels of perceived stress were higher (p<0.05) in PI and GI groups when compared to CN group (CN: 20.5±1.26; GI: 25.8±1.95; PI: 26.6±1.36). There was no significant difference in the concentration of salivary cortisol between the groups (CN: 11.13±0.58; GI: 11.96±0.74; PI: 11.47±0.74). It was concluded that there is a relationship between higher levels of perceived stress, insulin resistance and the occurrence of periodontal disease during pregnancy. This study emphasizes the importance of preventing periodontitis in order to avoid insulin resistance and stress during pregnancy since these can cause systemic complications for the mother and the fetus.

scholarly journals Do Physical Activity and Personality Matter for Hair Cortisol Concentration and Self-Reported Stress in Pregnancy? A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8050
Author(s):  
Dagmara Budnik-Przybylska ◽  
Radosław Laskowski ◽  
Paulina Pawlicka ◽  
Paulina Anikiej-Wiczenbach ◽  
Ariadna Łada-Maśko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Hair Cortisol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Physical activity reduces psychosocial stress in pregnant women. Stress levels might be self-reported (psychosocial) or measured with biomarkers, one of which is hair cortisol concentration (HCC). Additionally, personality has been associated with stress and physical activity. Methods: The first aim of our study was to explore the differences in self-reported stress assessed by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and in HCC with regard to physical activity level in pregnant (N = 29) and non-pregnant (N = 21) women. The second aim was to analyze the correlations among perceived stress, HCC, frequency of exercise and personality in the two groups separately. Results: There was a significant difference in frequency of exercise and self-reported stress between the two groups, with a lower level in pregnant women, but no differences in HCC and in personality were found. In the group of pregnant women, there was a significant negative correlation between HCC and frequency of exercise sessions, with the latter correlating positively with openness to experience. In the group of non-pregnant women, perceived stress negatively correlated with extraversion, agreeableness and emotional stability. HCC correlated negatively with conscientiousness. Conclusions: Our findings indicate the importance of physical activity programs dedicated to pregnant women for their life quality.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Salivary Cortisol, Self-Assessed Stress Levels, and Body Mass Index in High Achieving High School Adolescents

Elements ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Samir
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolism Regulation ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
High Achieving

Studies of stress and cortisol levels in adults indicate that keeping normal levels of cortisol is beneficial to subjects. The hormone cortisol has many functions including proper glucose metabolism, regulation of blood pressure, immune function, and inflammatory  response. When cortisol levels spike, as with stress, there can be a negative effect on the individual. Due to the hectic pace of modern life, the body’s stress response does not always have time to return to normal, leading to cortisol levels remaining too high. This can lead to suppressed thyroid function, blood sugar imbalances, higher blood pressure, lowered immunity, and increased abdominal fat. Stress plays a prominent role in the lives of millions of people all across the globe. This problem is not one that affects solely the adult population but also a multitude of adolescents and children. Oftentimes, stress can have both a physical and psychological effect on an individual. Many persons report an effect on food consumption when under stressful situations, causing one to either eat more or less than normal. In turn, these eating patterns can potentially influence the Body Mass Index (BMI) of an individual. While increased stress can lead to a higher or lower than normal cortisol level and BMI in adults, the role in adolescents is not entirely clear. This study investigated whether there is a relationship between stress and BMI in high-achieving adolescents, aged 14 to 18. The Perceived Stress Scale survey paired with additional questions that helped determine variables believed to impact stress levels were administered to determine overall stress levels in each subject. To determine cortisol levels, a competitive enzyme immunoassay was used.  This study indicates that there   are no significant correlations between perceived stress levels, salivary cortisol levels, and BMI in this group of individuals. However, a distinct difference in self-assessed stress levels was apparent between males and females. Somewhat unexpectedly, a negative relationship was found between BMI and salivary cortisol levels and perceived stress and salivary cortisol levels.

scholarly journals The Resistance Training Reverses Insulin Resistance in Rats with Periodontitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (273) ◽  
pp. 97-113
Author(s):  
Max Sander de Oliveira da Mota ◽  
Maria Sara de Lima Coutinho Mattera ◽  
Thaís Verônica Saori Tsosura ◽  
Fernando Yamamoto Chiba ◽  
Renato Felipe Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Disease Group ◽  
Western Blot Method ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The present study, aimed to evaluate the effects of resistance training (RT) on glycemia, insulinemia, insulin sensitivity, insulin signaling (IS), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in rats with periodontitis. 40 male Wistar rats were distributed into 4 groups: sedentary control group (SCN), exercised control group (ExCN), sedentary ligature-induced periodontal disease group (SPD), and exercised ligature-induced periodontal disease group (ExPD). 28 days after inducing periodontitis the RT started (14-week). Glycemia, insulin, TNF-α levels, and insulin sensitivity were analyzed using various methods. IS was evaluated by measuring tyrosine phosphorylated pp185 in insulin-sensitive tissues (western blot method). Higher levels of insulin, HOMA-IR, and TNF-α, and a decrease in insulin sensitivity were observed in the SPD group, which also had decreased levels of insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylated pp185 in muscle and adipose tissue, when compared to the other groups. The ExPD group had increased levels of insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylated pp185 compared to the SPD group, but showed no significant difference when compared to the SCN and ExCN groups. RT reversed both the insulin resistance (IR) and the IS alterations in rats with induced periodontitis, and decreased the insulin and TNF-α levels. Therefore, the results of show the importance of RT in preventing or reversing IR in rats with periodontitis.

scholarly journals The Perceived Stress Level of Nursing Students Regarding The Clinical Practices in the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 592-599
Author(s):  
ışın cantekin
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nursing Profession ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Perceived Stress Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stress Levels

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the perceived stress levels of nursing students regarding the clinical practice during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study was conducted between May 20 and June 20, 2020, with 252 students studying in all classes in the Nursing Departments of Necmettin Erbakan University. The data were collected using the Information Form and the Perceived Stress Scale for Nursing Students (PSSNS). 52.0% of the students felt uncomfortable thinking about Covid-19, and 62.2% stated that their anxiety increased when they thought they were infected with Covid-19. The study further revealed that 57.9% of the nursing students were afraid to provide care to the individuals diagnosed with Covid-19 and 82.1% stated that they did not have enough knowledge to provide care to those individuals. Our study revealed that there is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the Perceived Stress Scale for Nursing Students and the students’ gender (p<0.01), the status of willingly choosing the nursing profession (p<0.01), the interest in the nursing profession during the Covid-19 pandemic (p<0.01), having enough knowledge to provide care to individuals diagnosed with Covid-19 (p<0.01), being uncomfortable thinking about Covid-19 (p<0.01), being afraid to provide care to individuals diagnosed with Covid-19 (p<0.01), and the increased anxiety level thinking that they were infected with Covid-19 (p<0.01). In this study, female nurses and nurses who did not choose the nursing profession willingly, whose interests in the nursing profession were negatively affected during the pandemic period, who believe that they do not have the knowledge or who do not want to provide care to individuals diagnosed with Covid-19, who are afraid to provide care, and who are uncomfortable thinking about Covid-19 were found to have higher perceived stress levels. It is recommended to offer training and counseling to the nursing students with high perceived stress levels

scholarly journals No effect of modest selenium supplementation on insulin resistance in UK pregnant women, as assessed by plasma adiponectin concentration

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyuan Mao ◽  
Sarah C. Bath ◽  
Jessica J. Vanderlelie ◽  
Anthony V. Perkins ◽  
Christopher W. G. Redman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Adiponectin Concentration ◽  
Diurnal Variability ◽  
Plasma Adiponectin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Se Status

AbstractConcern has been expressed recently that Se may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, but this has not been tested in a randomised-controlled trial (RCT) in pregnant women. We took advantage of having stored plasma samples from the Se in Pregnancy Intervention (SPRINT) RCT of Se supplementation in pregnancy to test the effect of Se supplementation on a marker of insulin resistance in UK pregnant women. Because our blood samples were not fasted, we measured plasma adiponectin concentration, a recognised marker of insulin resistance that gives valid measurements in non-fasted samples, as diurnal variability is minor and there is no noticeable effect of food intake. In SPRINT, 230 primiparous UK women were randomised to treatment with Se (60 μg/d) or placebo from 12 weeks of gestation until delivery. We hypothesised that supplementation with Se at a nutritional level would not exacerbate the fall in adiponectin concentration that occurs in normal pregnancy, indicating the lack of an adverse effect on insulin resistance. Indeed, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the change in adiponectin from 12 to 35 weeks (P=0·938), nor when the analysis was restricted to the bottom or top quartiles of baseline whole-blood Se (P=0·515 and 0·858, respectively). Cross-sectionally, adiponectin concentration was not associated with any parameter of Se status, either at 12 or 35 weeks. It is reassuring that a nutritional dose of Se had no adverse effect on the concentration of adiponectin, a biomarker of insulin resistance, in pregnant women of modest Se status.

scholarly journals The Impact of Maryam Exercise Towards the Stress Level and Cortisol Serum Level among Primiparous Pregnant Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 598-607
Author(s):  
Maya Erisna ◽  
Runjati Runjati ◽  
Apoina Kartini ◽  
Mahalul Azam ◽  
Donny Kristanto Mulyantoro
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Women are more at risk to stress in pregnancy than during the puerperium. One method of coping with stress is through physical exercise. Maryam Exercise can be used as an alternative to the development of pregnancy exercises in Indonesia because it covers the holistic aspects and easy to do. It is a combination of basic pregnancy exercises, Islamic prayer (Salat) movements and dhikr.  The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of Maryam exercise on the stress levels and cortisol serum levels among primiparous pregnant women. This study used a quasi-experimental study design, pre-test and post-test with non-equivalent control group. In the third trimester of 40 primiparous women  were randomly assigned into two groups such the experimental group (n=20) and the control group (n=20). The experimental group received the Maryam exercise while the control group received the standard antenatal exercise. There was a significant difference in stress levels between the intervention group and the control group before and after receiving the intervention (p <0.05). The cortisol levels also showed the significance difference between the intervention group and the control group before and after receiving the intervention (p <0.05). The findings of this study suggest that Maryam Exercise has a positive impact on stress levels and cortisol serum levels of primiparous pregnant women.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Low Glycemic Index Diet Consultations Through a Diet Glycemic Assessment App Tool on Maternal and Neonatal Insulin Resistance: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Liping Wang ◽  
Wenhong Yang ◽  
Dayan Niu ◽  
Chunying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Glycemic Index

BACKGROUND Low glycemic index (LGI) diet has shown to be effective in reducing maternal and neonatal complications in high-risk pregnancies. OBJECTIVE This trial aimed to examine the effectiveness of individualized LGI diet consultations based on the accurate diet glycemic load (GL) assessment tool on maternal and neonatal insulin resistance levels and diet behavior changes in overweight and obese pregnant women. METHODS Overweight and obese pregnant women were recruited before 16 weeks of gestation and randomized to the LGI diet arm or the control arm. All participants received standard dietary education according to the Chinese Dietary Guide for Pregnant Women. In the intervention arm, additional individualized dietary GL assessments were performed using an app and instructions of lowering diet glycemic index (GI) to achieve LGI diet were provided by a clinical dietitian at early, middle, and late gestation. Primary outcomes were serum insulin at late gestation, incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) for mothers, and cord blood C-peptide level of neonates. RESULTS In total, 400 subjects were randomized and received different interventions. There were no significant differences in maternal serum insulin levels (13.2 [9.3−13.2] uU/mL vs 12.4 [10.5−12.4] uU/mL), incidence of GDM (45 [22.5%] vs 43 [21.5%]), or cord blood C-peptide levels (mean 0.9ng/mL [SD 0.7] vs mean 0.8ng/mL [SD 0.6]) in the intervention group compared with the controls. The diet GI at late gestation was similar (mean 63.2 [SD 10.4] vs mean 64.3 [SD 10.4]), whereas greater diet fiber intake was observed in the intervention group (mean 11.6 grams [SD 8.0] vs mean 9.0 grams [SD 5.6]; P=.006). Adherence measurements did not significantly differ between 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS Individualized LGI diet consultations for overweight and obese pregnant women failed to make a significant difference in maternal or neonatal insulin resistance compared with the standard gestational diet consultation. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01628835; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01628835 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/77LHgWP0k)

scholarly journals Alterações no perfil de estado de humor e cortisol salivar em senhores de meia idade praticantes de futebol “sete” (Changes in the mood profile and salivary cortisol en middle-aged soccer “seven” players) (Cambios en el perfil del estado de ánimo y cort

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 1049-1055
Author(s):  
Luciana Ferreira ◽  
Fredi Telles da Silva ◽  
Adolpho Amorim ◽  
Mariana Ardengue ◽  
Ademar Avelar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Significant Difference

  Analisou-se o perfil de estado de humor e a concentração de cortisol salivar em praticantes de “futebol sete”, com idade acima de 55 anos, antes, durante e após uma partida competitiva. Foram avaliados 19 jogadores por meio do Perfil do Estado de Humor e a concentração do cortisol salivar em diferentes momentos do jogo. Os dados foram analisados pelo de teste de Wilcoxon, Anova de Medidas Repetidas e correlação de Spearman. Em relação as características pessoais, verificou-se que os praticantes de “Futebol Sete” apresentaram um nível de atividade física considerado muito ativo (31,60%) e ativo (47,40%) o que totalizou setenta e nove por cento (79,0%) da amostra, salienta-se que 21,10% se autoavaliaram como irregularmente ativos. Ao final do jogo as variáveis relacionadas ao perfil de estado de humor se alteraram, mas não ocorreu diferença estatisticamente significativamente entre o pré-jogo e os demais momentos do jogo. Por outro lado, ocorreu um aumento significativo de quatro vezes na elevação da concentração de cortisol salivar entre o pré jogo e após 40 minutos de jogo. Conclui-se que a prática de “futebol sete” como prática competitiva é fonte geradora de estresse para os jogadores com idade acima de 55 anos.  Resumen: El perfil del estado de ánimo y la concentración de cortisol salival en jugadores de "fútbol siete", mayores de 55 años, se analizaron antes, durante y después de un partido competitivo. Diecinueve jugadores fueron evaluados utilizando el perfil del estado de ánimo y la concentración de cortisol salival en diferentes momentos del juego. Los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba de Wilcoxon, Anova de medidas repetidas y la correlación de Spearman. En cuanto a las características personales, parece que los practicantes de "fúbol siete" tienen un nivel de actividad física considerado muy activo (31.60%) y activo (47.40%) o que totalizó setenta y nueve por ciento (79, 0%), yo sé que 21,10% se autoevaluó como irregularmente activo. Al final del juego, las variables relacionadas con el perfil del estado de ánimo cambiaron, pero no hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el pre-juego y los otros momentos del juego. Por otro lado, hubo un aumento significativo de cuatro veces en el aumento de la concentración de cortisol en la saliva entre antes del juego y después de 40 minutos de juego. Se concluye que la práctica del "fútbol siete" como práctica competitiva es una fuente de estrés para los jugadores mayores de 55 años. Abstract: The mood state profile and the concentration of salivary cortisol in “soccer seven” players, aged over 55 years, were analyzed before, during and after a competitive match. Nineteen players were assessed using the Mood State Profile and the concentration of salivary cortisol at different times of the game. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, Anova of Repeated Measures and Spearman correlation. Regarding personal characteristics, that practitioners of "soccer seven" have a level of physical activity considered very active (31.60%), active (47.40%), total of seventy-nine percent (79,0%), and 21.10% self-assessed themselves as irregularly active. At the end of the game, the variables related to the mood profile changed, but there was no statistically significant difference between the pre-match and the other moments of the match. On the other hand, there was a significant increase (four times) in the salivary cortisol concentration between pre-match and after 40 minutes of match. It is concluded that the practice of "soccer seven" as a competitive practice is a source of stress for players over 55 years old.

scholarly journals Evaluation of dentists' stress and anxiety levels in the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 259-265
Author(s):  
Fatma Uçan Yarkaç ◽  
Ümmühan Tekin Atay ◽  
Nisa Nur Dinçer ◽  
Elif Öncü
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Perceived Stress Scale ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Normalization Process

Aim: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause stress, anxiety, and fear, especially in healthcare workers as it has a high risk of transmission. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of stress and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic among dentists working in our country. Methodology: The study included 164 dentists. Sociodemographic data and the stress and anxiety levels of the individuals who participated in the study were recorded. The COVID-19 Stress Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale-10 were used for evaluation of the stress levels, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 was used to evaluate the anxiety levels. All data were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results: Among those who participated in the study, 112 were women and 52 were men, and 50% of them were 20 to 30 years of age. Based on the information these dentists provided, 63% did not have any expertise and 66% had worked in the normalization process. Their scores in the COVID-19 Stress Scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale 7, and Perceived Stress Scale-10 were 64.4 ± 25.2, 5.46 ± 4.8, and 18.8 ± 5.9, respectively, and there was a positive correlation between all scales. When evaluating the stress levels according to gender, it was observed that those of the female dentists were higher than those of the male dentists (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the anxiety levels between the male and female dentists. While there were no significant differences between the dentists who worked during the pandemic process and those who did not work (p > 0.05), the COVID-19 stress levels were found to be lower in the normalization process (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused stress and anxiety in dentists and has affected female dentists more than male dentists. In addition, working during the pandemic process can benefit dentists by helping to reduce the stress caused by the pandemic.   How to cite this article: Öncü E, Dinçer NN, Uçan Yarkaç F, Tekin Atay Ü. Evaluation of dentists' stress and anxiety levels in the COVID-19 pandemic. Int Dent Res 2021;11(Suppl.1):259-65. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.38   Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

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