scholarly journals Microencapsulation of probiotics using sodium alginate

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1319-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana de Araújo Etchepare ◽  
Juliano Smanioto Barin ◽  
Alexandre José Cichoski ◽  
Eduardo Jacob-Lopes ◽  
Roger Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Synthetic Origin ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

The consumption of probiotics is constantly growing due to the numerous benefits conferred on the health of consumers. In this context, Microencapsulation is a technology that favors the viability of probiotic cultures in food products, mainly by the properties of protection against adverse environmental conditions and controlled release. Currently there are different procedures for microencapsulation using polymers of various types of natural and synthetic origin. The use of sodium alginate polymers is one of the largest potential application in the encapsulation of probiotics because of their versatility, biocompatibility and toxicity exemption. The aim of this review is to present viable encapsulation techniques of probiotics with alginate, emphasizing the internal ionic gelation and external ionic gelation, with the possibility of applying, as well as promising for improving these techniques.

scholarly journals Advances in the Application of Microcapsules as Carriers of Functional Compounds for Food Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Corrêa-Filho ◽  
Margarida Moldão-Martins ◽  
Vitor Alves
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions ◽  
Wall Materials ◽  
Food Matrices ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage

Natural bioactive compounds and living cells have been reported as promising products with beneficial properties to human health. The constant challenge regarding the use of these components is their easy degradation during processing and storage. However, their stability can be improved with the microencapsulation process, in which a compound sensitive to adverse environmental conditions is retained within a protective polymeric material. Microencapsulation is a widely used methodology for the preservation and stabilization of functional compounds for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications. The present review discusses advances in the production and application of microcapsules loaded with functional compounds in food products. The main methods for producing microcapsules, as well as the classes of functional compounds and wall materials used, are presented. Additionally, the release of compounds from loaded microcapsules in food matrices and in simulated gastrointestinal conditions is also assessed.

CREATION OF THE INDUCED APPLE-THREE TETRAPLOIDS

1970 ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
L. V. Tashmatova ◽  
О. V. Mantseva ◽  
N. V. Gorbacheva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Cytological Analysis ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Apple Breeding ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Diploid Gametes ◽  
Resistance To Diseases

The basic moments of a process of obtaining apple tetraploids as donors of diploid gametes for apple breeding with polyploidy using are demonstrated. In industrial terms, triploids are of the greatest importance. The manifested effect of heterosis leads to the improvement of many characteristics - higher resistance to diseases, pests and adverse environmental conditions, greater autogamy than in diploids, less pronounced periodicity of fruiting, larger fruits and a convenient crown for harvesting. Triploids are developed as a result of crosses 2n × 3n or 2n × 4n. Tetraploids are necessary for more successful apple breeding with polyploidy using. For industry they are not of great importance but they are of interest as donors of diploid non-reduced gametes and allow to make the selection process more directional. One of the methods of experimental polyploidy is the induction of polyploids using mutagenes. The germs were treated with colchicines at concentrations 0.1% - 0.4% during 24 and 48 hours. According to the morphology the obtained plants were divided into five groups. Colchicine concentrations 0.3% and 0.4% during 48 hours of the treatment had a disastrous impact on the development of germs. As a result of the cytological analysis, tetraploids and chimeras were revealed, which were obtained from the seeds from the open pollination of Orlik and Svezhest (treatment variants – 0,1% colchicines solution and 24 and 48 hours of exposition), as well as from the seeds obtained as a result of the Svezhest × Bolotovskoye crossing. Tetraploids had a normal growth but they differed in large leaves, while chimeras were of low size with normal leaves and internodes.

scholarly journals Current Strategies for Studying the Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Compounds in Food by Chromatographic Separation Techniques

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1100
Author(s):  
Wioletta Parys ◽  
Małgorzata Dołowy ◽  
Alina Pyka-Pająk
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

The present study summarizes the new strategies including advanced equipment and validation parameters of liquid and gas chromatography methods i.e., thin-layer chromatography (TLC), column liquid chromatography (CLC), and gas chromatography (GC) suitable for the identification and quantitative determination of different natural and synthetic bioactive compounds present in food and food products, which play an important role in human health, within the period of 2019–2021 (January). Full characteristic of some of these procedures with their validation parameters is discussed in this work. The present review confirms the vital role of HPLC methodology in combination with different detection modes i.e., HPLC-UV, HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS, and HPLC-MS/MS for the determination of natural and synthetic bioactive molecules for different purposes i.e., to characterize the chemical composition of food as well as in the multi-residue analysis of pesticides, NSAIDs, antibiotics, steroids, and others in food and food products.

scholarly journals Formulation and development of metformin-loaded microspheres using Khaya senegalensis (Meliaceae) gum as co-polymer

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chukwuebuka H. Ozoude ◽  
Chukwuemeka P. Azubuike ◽  
Modupe O. Ologunagba ◽  
Sejoro S. Tonuewa ◽  
Cecilia I. Igwilo
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Metformin Hydrochloride ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Khaya Senegalensis

Abstract Background Khaya gum is a bark exudate from Khaya senegalensis (Maliaecae) that has drug carrier potential. This study aimed to formulate and comparatively evaluate metformin-loaded microspheres using blends of khaya gum and sodium alginate. Khaya gum was extracted and subjected to preformulation studies using established protocols while three formulations (FA; FB and FC) of metformin (1% w/v)-loaded microspheres were prepared by the ionic gelation method using 5% zinc chloride solution as the cross-linker. The formulations contained 2% w/v blends of khaya gum and sodium alginate in the ratios of 2:3, 9:11, and 1:1, respectively. The microspheres were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, entrapment efficiency, swelling index, and in vitro release studies. Results Yield of 28.48%, pH of 4.00 ± 0.05, moisture content (14.59% ± 0.50), and fair flow properties (Carr’s index 23.68 ± 1.91 and Hausner’s ratio 1.31 ± 0.03) of the khaya gum were obtained. FTIR analyses showed no significant interaction between pure metformin hydrochloride with excipients. Discrete spherical microspheres with sizes ranging from 1200 to 1420 μm were obtained. Drug entrapment efficiency of the microspheres ranged from 65.6 to 81.5%. The release of the drug from microspheres was sustained for the 9 h of the study as the cumulative release was 62% (FA), 73% (FB), and 80% (FC). The release kinetics followed Korsmeyer-Peppas model with super case-II transport mechanism. Conclusion Blends of Khaya senegalensis gum and sodium alginate are promising polymer combination for the preparation of controlled-release formulations. The blend of the khaya gum and sodium alginate produced microspheres with controlled release properties. However, the formulation containing 2:3 ratio of khaya gum and sodium alginate respectively produced microspheres with comparable controlled release profiles to the commercial brand metformin tablet.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TIMOLOL MALEATE-LOADED NANOPARTICLES GEL BY IONIC GELATION METHOD USING CHITOSAN AND SODIUM ALGINATE

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
RISA AHDYANI ◽  
LARAS NOVITASARI ◽  
RONNY MARTIEN
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Timolol Maleate ◽  
Optimum Formula

Objective: The objectives of this study were to formulate and characterize nanoparticles gel of timolol maleate (TM) by ionic gelation method using chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (SA). Methods: Optimization was carried out by factorial design using Design Expert®10.0.1 software to obtain the concentration of CS, SA, and calcium chloride (CaCl2) to produce the optimum formula of TM nanoparticles. The optimum formula was characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, Zeta potential, and molecular structure. Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) K15 was incorporated into optimum formula to form nanoparticles gel of TM and carried out in vivo release study using the Franz Diffusion Cell. Results: TM nanoparticles was successfully prepared with concentration of CS, SA, and CaCl2 of 0.01 % (w/v), 0.1 % (w/v), and 0.25 % (w/v), respectively. The particle size, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, and Zeta potential were found to be 200.47±4.20 nm, 0.27±0.0154, 35.23±4.55 %, and-5.68±1.80 mV, respectively. The result of FTIR spectra indicated TM-loaded in the nanoparticles system. In vitro release profile of TM-loaded nanoparticles gel showed controlled release and the Korsmeyer-Peppas model was found to be the best fit for drug release kinetics. Conclusion: TM-loaded CS/SA nanoparticles gel was successfully prepared and could be considered as a promising candidate for controlled TM delivery of infantile hemangioma treatment.

scholarly journals PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF CHITOSAN SODIUM ALGINATE CARBAMAZEPINE MICROSPHERES

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreeja C Nair ◽  
Karthika Ramesh ◽  
Krishnapriya M ◽  
Asha Paul
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Release Drug ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Preparation And Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Parameters

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective behind our study is that a mucoadhesive rectal hydrogel chitosan sodium alginate carbamazepine (CBZ) microspheres forthe purpose of controlled release for the treatment of epilepsy to avoid the possible side effects.Methods: The study was conducted to formulate controlled release chitosan sodium alginate CBZ microspheres with the dispersion of CBZ into thenatural polymers chitosan and sodium alginate forming microspheres conducting along with their evaluation studies.Results: The formulated microspheres were subjected to various evaluation parameters, and all the physical parameters examined are within theacceptable limits. Further, the optimized microsphere formulation (CM5) was characterized. Hence, the developed optimized microsphere formulation(CM5) seems to be a viable substitute to conventional drug delivery system for the effective management of epilepsy.Conclusion: The prepared formulation also provides a desired CBZ loaded sodium alginate microspheres with the controlled release drug delivery.Keywords: Carbamazepine, Sodium alginate microspheres, Particle size.

scholarly journals DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF CONTROLLED-RELEASE OCULAR INSERTS OF BRIMONIDINE-TARTRATE AND TIMOLOL MALEATE

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preethi G. B. ◽  
Prashanth Kunal
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Timolol Maleate ◽  
Brimonidine Tartrate

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current work was attempted to formulate and evaluate a controlled-release matrix-type ocular inserts containing a combination of brimonidine tartrate and timolol maleate, with a view to sustain the drug release in the cul-de-sac of the eye.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Initially, the infrared studies were done to determine the drug–polymer interactions. Sodium alginate-loaded ocuserts were prepared by solvent casting technique. Varying the concentrations of polymer—sodium alginate, plasticizer—glycerine, and cross-linking agent—calcium chloride by keeping the drug concentration constant, made a total of nine formulations. These formulations were evaluated for its appearance, drug content, weight uniformity, thickness uniformity, percentage moisture loss, percentage moisture absorption, and <em>in vitro </em>release profile of the ocuserts. Finally, accelerated stability studies and the release kinetics were performed on the optimised formulation.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was perceived that polymer, plasticizer, and calcium chloride had a significant influence on the drug release. The data obtained from the formulations showed that formulation—F9 was the optimised formulation, which exhibited better drug release. The release data of the optimised formulation tested on the kinetic models revealed that it exhibited first-order release kinetics. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It can be concluded that a natural bioadhesive hydrophilic polymer such as sodium alginate can be used as a film former to load water soluble and hydrophilic drugs like brimonidine tartrate and timolol maleate. Among all formulations, F9 with 400 mg sodium alginate, 2% calcium chloride and 60 mg glycerin were found to be the most suitable insert in terms of appearance, ease of handling, thickness, <em>in vitro</em> drug release and stability.</p>

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