scholarly journals Precompression stress and compression index depend on the property used to represent the soil deformation in the compression curve

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Ivonir Gubiani ◽  
Quirijn de Jong Van Lier ◽  
José Miguel Reichert ◽  
Rafael Ziani Goulart ◽  
Eracilda Fontanela
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Void Ratio ◽  
Soil Property ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Compression Index ◽  
Linear Deformation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Precompression Stress ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACT: During linear deformation (h) in a soil sample, the variation of the void ratio with respect to deformation (dε/dh) and the respective variation of soil bulk density (dρ/dh) are identical only for a specific value of h. Consequently, if two compression curves are drawn for the same soil sample, one using ρ and the other using ε, there are differences in both the calculated precompression stress (σp) and compression index (Ic). In this study, we highlight the causes by a mathematical analysis and an experimental investigation, quantifying the differences in σp and Ic when using ε and ρ. σp and Ic were calculated for 103 compression curves of an ultisol and 193 of an oxisol. The σp (kPa) using ρ (σpρ) was greater than when using ε (σpε), and differences were rather independent of the soil type. The relations found by linear regression relating σpρ to σpε were σpρ=0.8186σpε+34.202 for the ultisol and σpρ=0.8878σpε+34.875 for the oxisol. In contrast, the used soil property (ρ or ε) as well as soil type affected Ic. Ic calculated using ρ was greater than when using ε in almost all (96%) of the cases for the ultisol, and in only 12% of the cases for the oxisol. For a wide range of ρ, evidence from this study indicated that the use of ρ overestimates σp when compared to the use of ε.

scholarly journals Compression behavior of reconstituted clay: A study on black clay

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhim Kumar Dahal ◽  
Jun-Jie Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Void Ratio ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
Compression Index ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Compression Behavior ◽  
Black Clay ◽  
Compression Behaviour ◽  
Remoulded Soil ◽  
Reconstituted Soil

 The soft and black clay found in the Kathmandu Valley is locally known as Kalomato which is highly compressible and weak. The Kalomato from the Khasibazaar is taken as study material. Experimental study is carried out on undisturbed, remoulded and reconstituted soil samples to determine the compression  behavior. The study revealed that the undisturbed soil sample has the highest compression  index among all samples while the remolded sample has the lowest compression index. The reconstituted soil sample using cement shows that the compression index increases with the increase in cement content while decrease with the increase in curing time. When cement content increases to 15%, the load required to compress the soil to the equal void ratio also increases to almost three times of the undisturbed soil and seven times of the remoulded soil. Therefore, reconstitution of soil using cement is found as effective method for improvement of compression  behaviour. This study also has established graphical interrelations between the compression index, swelling index and the cement content which can be used in the study of Kalomato.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Serbuk Kaca Dan Abu Sekam Pada Tanah Lunak Berdasarkan Uji Konsolidasi

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Dyah Pratiwi Kusumastuti ◽  
Irma Sepriyanna Sepriyanna
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Glass Powder ◽  
Void Ratio ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chemical Stabilization ◽  
Compression Index ◽  
Soft Soils ◽  
Consolidation Test ◽  
Glass Dust

It can not be avoided when the construction must stand on soft soil, then the construction will suffer damage due to subsidence or congestion from soft soil. To improve soft soils as one part of the construction of them is the method of chemical stabilization of the soil. The stabilizer material mixed was 10% glass powder and the percentage of husk ash was 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% of the dry weight of the original soil sample. Changes in the characteristics of soft soil and stabilized soils are reviewed based on the consolidation test. Based on the results of the study, the value of the void ratio decreases with increasing glass dust and husk ash, where the lowest void ratio is 0.5328 obtained in the addition of 10% glass powder and 7.5% husk ash. A decrease in the void ratio indicates a decrease in the compression index (Cc) and the swelling index (Cs). The lowering of the compression index and the swelling index indicate that the addition of glass powder and husk ash causes the soft soil sample to become denser. The lowest compressive index and swelling index values ​​were obtained in soil sample specimens with the addition of 10% glass powder and 10% husk ash, which respectively decreased by 35.165% and 75.757% when compared to the condition of the original soil sample.

ANALYSIS OF EMPIRICAL COMPRESSION INDEX EQUATIONS USING THE LIQUID LIMIT

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir W. Al-Khafaji ◽  
Krishnanand Y. Maillacheruvu ◽  
Matthew Sainz ◽  
Rebecca Neuman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Property ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Compression Index ◽  
Empirical Formulas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Compression Data

This paper proposes a new method to evaluate the reliability of published empirical formulas in terms of accuracy and applicability to different soil types. Different empirical models are proposed to properly approximate the compression index for a wide range of liquid limits and soil types. They were developed using a unique Soil Property Line (SPL) developed using a substantial number of published regression equations and compression data. Familiar empirical equations were examined for their reliability in predicting the compression index of clay for any liquid limit. A comparison was made between available and newly-proposed empirical formulas using combined regression data sets compiled independently by several authors. The newly proposed empirical compression index equations are applicable to wide ranges of clay soils, validating other published relationships. The degree of scatter and variations in the computed compression index values are minimized for any liquid limit.

First Detection of Tobacco Mosaic Virus in Tobacco Fields in Northern Lebanon

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Obeid ◽  
Elias Wehbe ◽  
Mohamad Rima ◽  
Mohammad Kabara ◽  
Romeo Al Bersaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Das Elisa

Background: Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is the most known virus in the plant mosaic virus family and is able to infect a wide range of crops, in particularly tobacco, causing a production loss. Objectives: Herein, and for the first time in Lebanon, we investigated the presence of TMV infection in crops by analyzing 88 samples of tobacco, tomato, cucumber and pepper collected from different regions in North Lebanon. Methods: Double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), revealed a potential TMV infection of four tobacco samples out of 88 crops samples collected. However, no tomato, cucumber and pepper samples were infected. The TMV+ tobacco samples were then extensively analyzed by RT-PCR to detect viral RNA using different primers covering all the viral genome. Results and Discussion: PCR results confirmed those of DAS-ELISA showing TMV infection of four tobacco samples collected from three crop fields of North Lebanon. In only one of four TMV+ samples, we were able to amplify almost all the regions of viral genome, suggesting possible mutations in the virus genome or an infection with a new, not yet identified, TMV strain. Conclusion: Our study is the first in Lebanon revealing TMV infection in crop fields, and highlighting the danger that may affect the future of agriculture.

INFLUENCE OF WEATHER ON TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT MIGRATION IN RURAL INDIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350007 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. KAVI KUMAR ◽  
BRINDA VISWANATHAN
Keyword(s):  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Temporary Migration ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Permanent Migration ◽  
Sample Survey Data ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Temporary Migrants

While a wide range of factors influence rural–rural and rural–urban migration in developing countries, there is significant interest in analyzing the role of agricultural distress and growing inter-regional differences in fueling such movement. This strand of research acquires importance in the context of climate change adaptation. In the Indian context, this analysis gets further complicated due to the significant presence of temporary migration. This paper analyzes how weather and its variability affects both temporary and permanent migration in India using National Sample Survey data for the year 2007–2008. The paper finds that almost all of the rural–urban migrants are permanent. Only temperature plays a role in permanent migration. In contrast, many temporary migrants are rural–rural and both temperature and rainfall explain temporary migration.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriophage ZCSE6 against Salmonella spp.: Phage Application in Milk

Biologics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-176
Author(s):  
Abdallah S. Abdelsattar ◽  
Anan Safwat ◽  
Rana Nofal ◽  
Amera Elsayed ◽  
Salsabil Makky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Control ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Food safety is very important in the food industry as most pathogenic bacteria can cause food-borne diseases and negatively affect public health. In the milk industry, contamination with Salmonella has always been a challenge, but the risks have dramatically increased as almost all bacteria now show resistance to a wide range of commercial antibiotics. This study aimed to isolate a bacteriophage to be used as a bactericidal agent against Salmonella in milk and dairy products. Here, phage ZCSE6 has been isolated from raw milk sample sand molecularly and chemically characterized. At different multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001, the phage–Salmonella interaction was studied for 6 h at 37 °C and 24 h at 8 °C. In addition, ZCSE6 was tested against Salmonella contamination in milk to examine its lytic activity for 3 h at 37 °C. The results showed that ZCSE6 has a small genome size (<48.5 kbp) and belongs to the Siphovirus family. Phage ZCSE6 revealed a high thermal and pH stability at various conditions that mimic milk manufacturing and supply chain conditions. It also demonstrated a significant reduction in Salmonella concentration in media at various MOIs, with higher bacterial eradication at higher MOI. Moreover, it significantly reduced Salmonella growth (MOI 1) in milk, manifesting a 1000-fold decrease in bacteria concentration following 3 h incubation at 37 °C. The results highlighted the strong ability of ZCSE6 to kill Salmonella and control its growth in milk. Thus, ZCSE6 is recommended as a biocontrol agent in milk to limit bacterial growth and increase the milk shelf-life.

Actual Challenges, Risks and Security Safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-83
Author(s):  
Božidar Forca ◽  
Dragoljub Sekulović ◽  
Igor Vukonjanski
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
National Security Strategy ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Relationship

Security is one of the most common terms in the modern world. This statement is supported by the fact that the term security is used in a wide range of areas. The subject of this paper is national security and the challenges, risks and threats to that security in contemporary international relations. The purpose of the work is twofold. First, to show the diversity of theoretical understanding of the term challenge, risk and threat by various authors. On the other hand, the overriding goal is to analyze the relationship to the challenges, risks and threats in different countries. When it comes to national security, challenges, risks and threats, most often, are identified in a document called the national security strategy. This document, as one of the highest in the hierarchy of political acts of every state, when it comes to security, is passed by almost all modern states of the world. The analysis of numerous national security strategies has revealed that it is possible to identify: 1) the challenges, risks and threats that appear in all strategies, 2) the challenges, risks and threats of security that appear in most strategies, and 3) the challenges, risks and threats of security which are country specific.

What Kind of Friction Model Is Needed to Predict Brake Squeal?

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Butlin ◽  
Jim Woodhouse
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Friction Model ◽  
Coupled Systems ◽  
Brake Squeal ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Almost All

Predictive models of friction-induced vibration have proved elusive despite decades of research. There are many mechanisms that can cause brake squeal; friction coupled systems can be highly sensitive to small perturbations; and the dynamic properties of friction at the contact zone seem to be poorly understood. This paper describes experimental and theoretical work aimed at identifying the key ingredients of a predictive model. A large-scale experiment was carried out to identify squeal initiations using a pin-on-disc test rig: approximately 30,000 squeal initiations were recorded, covering a very wide range of frequencies. The theoretical model allows for completely general linear systems coupled at a single sliding point by friction: squeal is predicted using a linearised stability analysis. Results will be presented that show that almost all observed squeal events can be predicted within this model framework, but that some subsets require innovative friction modelling: predictions are highly dependent on the particular choice of friction model and its associated parameters.

scholarly journals Two Populations of Glucocorticoid Receptor-Binding Sites in the Male Rat Hippocampal Genome

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (5) ◽  
pp. 1832-1844 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Annelies E. Polman ◽  
E. Ronald de Kloet ◽  
Nicole A. Datson
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Motif Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Neuronal Processes ◽  
Almost All

Abstract In the present study, genomic binding sites of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) were identified in vivo in the rat hippocampus applying chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by next-generation sequencing. We identified 2470 significant GR-binding sites (GBS) and were able to confirm GR binding to a random selection of these GBS covering a wide range of P values. Analysis of the genomic distribution of the significant GBS revealed a high prevalence of intragenic GBS. Gene ontology clusters involved in neuronal plasticity and other essential neuronal processes were overrepresented among the genes harboring a GBS or located in the vicinity of a GBS. Male adrenalectomized rats were challenged with increasing doses of the GR agonist corticosterone (CORT) ranging from 3 to 3000 μg/kg, resulting in clear differences in the GR-binding profile to individual GBS. Two groups of GBS could be distinguished: a low-CORT group that displayed GR binding across the full range of CORT concentrations, and a second high-CORT group that displayed significant GR binding only after administering the highest concentration of CORT. All validated GBS, in both the low-CORT and high-CORT groups, displayed mineralocorticoid receptor binding, which remained relatively constant from 30 μg/kg CORT upward. Motif analysis revealed that almost all GBS contained a glucocorticoid response element resembling the consensus motif in literature. In addition, motifs corresponding with new potential GR-interacting proteins were identified, such as zinc finger and BTB domain containing 3 (Zbtb3) and CUP (CG11181 gene product from transcript CG11181-RB), which may be involved in GR-dependent transactivation and transrepression, respectively. In conclusion, our results highlight the existence of 2 populations of GBS in the rat hippocampal genome.

scholarly journals DNA methylation-based sex classifier to predict sex and identify sex chromosome aneuploidy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yucheng Wang ◽  
Eilis Hannon ◽  
Olivia A Grant ◽  
Tyler J Gorrie-Stone ◽  
Meena Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Klinefelter Syndrome ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Gene Expression Omnibus ◽  
Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy ◽  
Chromosome Aneuploidy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Methylation Patterns

AbstractSex is an important covariate of epigenome-wide association studies due to its strong influence on DNA methylation patterns across numerous genomic positions. Nevertheless, many samples on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) frequently lack a sex annotation or are incorrectly labelled. Considering the influence that sex imposes on DNA methylation patterns, it is necessary to ensure that methods for filtering poor samples and checking of sex assignment are accurate and widely applicable. In this paper, we presented a novel method to predict sex using only DNA methylation density signals, which can be readily applied to almost all DNA methylation datasets of different formats (raw IDATs or text files with only density signals) uploaded to GEO. We identified 4345 significantly (p < 0.01) sex-associated CpG sites present on both 450K and EPIC arrays, and constructed a sex classifier based on the two first components of PCAs from the two sex chromosomes. The proposed method is constructed using whole blood samples and exhibits good performance across a wide range of tissues. We further demonstrated that our method can be used to identify samples with sex chromosome aneuploidy, this function is validated by five Turner syndrome cases and one Klinefelter syndrome case. The proposed method has been integrated into the wateRmelon Bioconductor package.

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