scholarly journals Seed moisture content can be used to accelerate dormancy release during after-ripening of Urochloa humidicola cv. Llanero spikelets

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Lima Abrantes ◽  
Nelson Barbosa Machado-Neto ◽  
Ceci Castilho Custódio
Keyword(s):  
Seed Storage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
H2o2 Content ◽  
Livestock Products

ABSTRACT: Increased demand for livestock products is leading to research on more productive pastures adapted to different environments. Urochloa humidicola is a species adapted to low-fertility conditions and to environments occasionally subjected to temporary flooding and with highly dormant seeds at harvest. Mechanical and sulphuric acid (H2SO4) scarification are used to release these seeds from dormancy; although, there are several side effects. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is linked to dormancy release in many crop species. The objective of this research was to characterize the dormancy release and H2O2 accumulation during one year of storage in dormant spikelets of U. humidicola cv. Llanero equilibrated to 4.5% and 50% relative humidity (RH) and stored at 20 °C, during which time the seeds had moisture contents (MCs) of 0.03 and 0.1 g H2O g-1 dry weight (DW), respectively. The seeds were evaluated initially and at 3, 6 and 12 months; the seeds from spikelets or just caryopses were evaluated. Germination and dormancy percentage, H2O2 content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (PRX) activity were determined. The germination and H2O2 content increased mainly in the caryopses, and SOD activity increased. Moreover, dormancy and PRX activity decreased during storage. For the first time, it was shown, in U. humidicola cv. Llanero that dormancy release during storage is caused mainly by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the spikelets even under ultra-dry storage conditions (4.5% RH), and this process could be accelerated by seed storage at a MC of 0.1 g H2O g-1 DW at 20 °C.

scholarly journals Primed Lettuce Seeds Exhibit Increased Sensitivity to Moisture Content During Controlled Deterioration

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1436-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. Hill ◽  
Jesse D. Cunningham ◽  
Kent J. Bradford ◽  
A.G. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Lettuce Seeds ◽  
Rate Of Decline

The Ellis-Roberts seed viability equation is used to predict seed survival after storage at specified temperatures and moisture contents. Seed priming, which can break dormancy and accelerate germination, can also reduce seed storage life. Because primed seeds were not used in developing the Ellis-Roberts equation, the reciprocal nature of specific seed moisture content (MC, fresh weight basis) and temperatures that applies to nonprimed lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds may not apply to primed seeds. To determine how priming affects lettuce seeds in relation to the viability equation, an experiment was conducted using two cultivars, ‘Big Ben’ and ‘Parris Island Cos’. Seeds primed in polyethylene glycol 8000 (–1.45 MPa, 24 h at 15 °C) and nonprimed seeds were first adjusted to 6% and 9% moisture contents and then stored at 48 and 38 °C for up to 30 days, respectively. These storage conditions (6% MC and 48 °C; 9% MC and 38 °C) were predicted by the viability equation to result in equal longevities. Subsequent viability assays at 20 °C revealed that nonprimed seeds in both storage environments exhibited similar losses in viability over time, thus validating the Ellis-Roberts equation and the use of these conditions to apply different but equal aging stress. Primed seeds of both cultivars deteriorated faster than nonprimed seeds as expected. However, primed seeds did exhibit different rates of deterioration between the storage environments. Primed seeds stored at 9% MC and 38 °C deteriorated faster than primed seeds stored at 6% MC and 48 °C. The rate of decline in probit viability percentage was three times greater in primed ‘Big Ben’ seeds stored at 9% MC and 38 °C than for those stored at 6% MC and 48 °C (–1.34 versus –0.26 probits per day, respectively). ‘Parris Island Cos’ seeds stored at 9% MC and 38 °C had twice the rate of deterioration that those stored at 6% MC and 48 °C (–1.19 and –0.49 probits per day, respectively). The results indicate that primed lettuce seeds were more sensitive to the adverse effects of higher seed MC than were nonprimed seeds during storage at elevated temperatures.

scholarly journals Using Seed Volatiles as a Possible Indicator for Seed Deterioration during Storage

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 526D-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Eric E. Roos
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Seed Deterioration ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Moisture Conditions

All kinds of plant seeds evolve volatile compounds during storage. However, a reliable deterioration forecast method is still not established using volatile evolution, even though some preliminary work indicated a relationship between volatile evolution and seed deterioration (Fielding and Goldsworthy, 1982; Hailstones and Smith, 1989; Zhang et al., 1993). Here we review some of the previous work concerning seed volatiles and present some more recent research on the effects of seed moisture content on deterioration. We found that volatile evolution from seeds was controlled by seed moisture level. Generally, seeds tended to evolve more hexanal and pentanal under extremely dry conditions (below 25% equilibrium RH). The production of hexanal and pentanal decreased with increasing seed moisture level. On the other hand, methanol and ethanol increased with increasing seed moisture. All of the volatile compounds accumulated in the headspace of the seed storage container during storage. Therefore, it should be possible to use different volatiles to indicate the deterioration of seeds stored under different moisture levels. We suggest that hexanal may be used for seed assessing deterioration under dry storage conditions (below 25% equilibrium RH), while ethanol may be used for seeds stored under higher moisture conditions (above 25% equilibrium RH). [References: Fielding, J.L. and Goldsworthy, A. (1982) Seed Sci. Technol. 10: 277–282. Hailstones, M.D. and Smith, M.T. (1989) Seed Sci. Technol. 17: 649–658. Zhang et al. (1993) Seed Sci. Technol. 21:359–373.]

scholarly journals Pengaruh pemberian abu sekam padi sebagai bahan desikan pada penyimpanan benih terhadap daya tumbuh dan pertumbuhan bibit kakao (The effects of rice husk ash as desiccation material of seed storage on viability and cocoa seedling growth).

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
Pudji Rahardjo
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Food Stock

Rice husk ash as desiccation material can be used to maintain seed viability in storage through its ability to absorb humidity during its storage. High relative humidity caused seed moisture content to increase so the respiration rate of seed increases and uses faster food stock. Finally the viability of seed is lost. A research on use of rice husk ash as desiccation material of cocoa seed storage was conducted in Agronomy Laboratory and Kaliwining Experimental Station, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute. Completely Randomized Design was used in this research with treatment of rice husk ash application on cocoa seed as follows: 0 g/100 seeds (A), 5 g/100 seeds (B), 10 g/100 seeds (C), 15 g/100 seeds (D), and 20 g/100 seeds (E). This experiment used four replications. Cocoa seeds were stored in plastic bag within carton box in ambient temperature. The storage periods were 1, 2, and 3 weeks, and parameters of observation consisted of electrical conductivity of dipped water of cocoa seeds, percentage of seed germination, percentage of seed emergence, early growth parameters at one month old including seedlings height of seedling, diameter, leaf number, root length, and dry weight. The result of the experiment showed that the use of rice husk ash at 5-10 g/100 seeds could maintain electrical conductivity of dipped water at low level, percentage of seed germination at 99-100 % and percentage of seed emergence at 79-91% after two weeks storage. The use of rice husk ash at 5-10 g/100 seeds after two weeks storage affected height of cacao seedling, but did not affected stem diameters, leaf numbers, root lengths, and dry weights

scholarly journals Physiological and phytosanitary quality of common bean seeds used by small growers in Minas Gerais state, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Higino Marcos Lopes ◽  
Antônio Amorim Brandão ◽  
João Sebastião De Paula Araújo ◽  
Marcos Paiva Del Giudice ◽  
Mark Allan Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Minas Gerais State

The physiological and phytosanitary qualities of common bean seeds used on a small farming system depend on the cultural practices, drying system and storage conditions employed. The objective of this work was to evaluate eight lots of common bean seeds using germination, vigor andphytosanitary tests. The lots were produced in 2005 and 2006 in “Zona da Mata”, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, and analyzed for moisture content, germination quality, first germination count, seedling vigor, seedling emergence, electric conductivity, seedling dry weight, seedling length, hypochlorite test and blotter test. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. The mean seed moisture content from all lots was 8.4 %. Four lots were classified as high vigor, one as intermediate vigor and three lots as low vigor. The first germination count and electrical conductivity tests were the best for evaluating bean seed physiological quality. All seed lots were infested by fungi, mainly Alternaria, Cladosporium and Fusarium.

scholarly journals Internal morphology and germination of sunflower seeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cartiane Rubshirley Macêdo da Rocha ◽  
Vanessa Neumann Silva ◽  
Silvio Moure Cicero
Keyword(s):  
Seed Storage ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Internal Morphology ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Relative Air Humidity

The use of high quality seeds is one of the important factors to increase productivity in areas cultivated with sunflower. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between internal morphology and germination of sunflower seeds with the X-ray test and computer-aided X-ray imaging analysis with the software Tomato Analyzer®, and check whether or not this relationship changes after a period of seed storage under different environmental conditions. For this purpose, five lots of sunflower seeds from cultivar Catissol 01 were used. They were evaluated during two experimental periods: at 0 and 4 months after storage; the first evaluation was performed to characterize the lots; after that, the seeds were stored in two environments, cold and dry chamber (10 °C and 30% relative air humidity) and non-controlled environment. The seed moisture content was determined and, after that, the seeds were submitted to the X-ray and germination tests. The X-ray analysis allowed the visualization of seed internal structure as well as the study between seed morphology and germination; the greater embryo size, in general, does not provide greater potential for seed germination; regardless of the storage conditions for the four-month period, there was no reduction in the area of the embryo.

Barley seed storage under controlled conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Zadorozhna ◽  
T. P. Shyianova ◽  
M.Yu. Skorokhodov
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Storage

Seed longevity of 76 spring barley gene pool samples (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. distichon, convar. distichon: 56 nutans Schubl., two deficience (Steud.) Koern., two erectum Rode ex Shuebl., two medicum Koern.; convar. nudum (L.) A.Trof.: one nudum L. та subsp. vulgare: convar. vulgare: nine pallidum Ser., three rikotense Regel.; convar. coeleste (L.) A.Trof.: one coeleste (L.) A.Trof.) from 26 countries, 11 years and four places of reproduction was analyzed. Seeds with 5–8% moisture content were stored in chamber with unregulated and 4oC temperature. The possibility of seed storage under these conditions for at least 10 years without significant changes in germination has been established. The importance of meteorological conditions in the formation and ripening of seeds for their longevity is confirmed. The relationship between the decrease of barley seeds longevity and storage conditions, amount of rainfall, temperature regime during the growing season of plants is discussed.

scholarly journals Gibberellic acid and nitrogen efficiently protect early seedlings growth stage from salt stress damage in Sorghum

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Yousif Adam Ali ◽  
Muhi Eldeen Hussien Ibrahim ◽  
Guisheng Zhou ◽  
Nimir Eltyb Ahmed Nimir ◽  
Aboagla Mohammed Ibrahim Elsiddig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Stress Damage

AbstractSalinity one of environmental factor that limits the growth and productivity of crops. This research was done to investigate whether GA3 (0, 144.3, 288.7 and 577.5 μM) and nitrogen fertilizer (0, 90 and 135 kg N ha−1) could mitigate the negative impacts of NaCl (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) on emergence percentage, seedling growth and some biochemical parameters. The results showed that high salinity level decreased emergence percentage, seedling growth, relative water content, chlorophyll content (SPAD reading), catalase (CAT) and peroxide (POD), but increased soluble protein content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The SOD activity was decreased by nitrogen. However, the other measurements were increased by nitrogen. The interactive impact between nitrogen and salinity was significant in most parameters except EP, CAT and POD. The seedling length, dry weight, fresh weight, emergence percentage, POD, soluble protein and chlorophyll content were significantly affected by the interaction between GA3 and salinity. The GA3 and nitrogen application was successful mitigating the adverse effects of salinity. The level of 144.3 and 288.7 μm GA3 and the rate of 90 and 135 kg N ha−1 were most effective on many of the attributes studied. Our study suggested that GA3 and nitrogen could efficiently protect early seedlings growth from salinity damage.

scholarly journals Assessment of Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Antioxidant Responses of Tomato Landraces to Salinity Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 696
Author(s):  
Reem H. Alzahib ◽  
Hussein M. Migdadi ◽  
Abdullah A. Al Ghamdi ◽  
Mona S. Alwahibi ◽  
Abdullah A. Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Antioxidants Activity ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Salinity Levels

Understanding salt tolerance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) landraces will facilitate their use in genetic improvement. The study assessed the morpho-physiological variability of Hail tomato landraces in response to different salinity levels at seedling stages and recommended a tomato salt-tolerant landrace for future breeding programs. Three tomato landraces, Hail 548, Hail 747, and Hail 1072 were tested under three salinity levels: 75, 150, and 300 mM NaCl. Salinity stress reduced shoots’ fresh and dry weight by 71% and 72%, and roots were 86.5% and 78.6%, respectively. There was 22% reduced chlorophyll content, carotene content by 18.6%, and anthocyanin by 41.1%. Proline content increased for stressed treatments. The 300 mM NaCl treatment recorded the most proline content increases (67.37 mg/g fresh weight), with a percent increase in proline reaching 61.67% in Hail 747. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased by 65% in Hail 548, while it relatively increased in Hail 747 and Hail 1072 treated with 300 mM NaCl. Catalase (CAT) activity was enhanced by salt stress in Hail 548 and recorded 7.6%, increasing at 75 and 5.1% at 300 mM NaCl. It revealed a reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) at the 300 mM NaCl concentration in both Hail 548 and Hail 1072 landraces. Increasing salt concentrations showed a reduction in transpiration rate of 70.55%, 7.13% in stomatal conductance, and 72.34% in photosynthetic rate. K+/Na+ ratios decreased from 56% for 75 mM NaCl to 85% for 300 mM NaCl treatments in all genotypes. The response to salt stress in landraces involved some modifications in morphology, physiology, and metabolism. The landrace Hail 548 may have better protection against salt stress and observed protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing enzymatic “antioxidants” activity under salt stress.

scholarly journals Assessing the storage potential of Australian rainforest seeds: a decision-making key to aid rapid conservation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Sommerville ◽  
G. Errington ◽  
Z-J. Newby ◽  
G. S. Liyanage ◽  
C. A. Offord
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Fleshy Fruit ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Fresh Seed ◽  
Desiccation Sensitivity ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Seed Characteristics

AbstractSeed banking of rainforest species is hindered by lack of knowledge as to which species are tolerant of desiccation and freezing. We assessed 313 Australian rainforest species for seed banking suitability by comparing the germination percentage of fresh seeds to seeds dried at 15% RH and seeds stored at −20 °C after drying. We then compared desiccation responses to environmental, habit, fruit and seed characteristics to identify the most useful predictors of desiccation sensitivity. Of 162 species with ≥ 50% initial germination, 22% were sensitive to desiccation, 64% were tolerant and 10% were partially tolerant; the responses of 4% were uncertain. Of 107 desiccation tolerant species tested for response to freezing, 24% were freezing sensitive or short-lived in storage at −20 °C. Median values for fresh seed moisture content (SMC), oven dry weight (DW) and the likelihood of desiccation sensitivity (PD-S) were significantly greater for desiccation sensitive than desiccation tolerant seeds. Ninety-four to 97% of seeds with SMC < 29%, DW < 20 mg or PD-S < 0.01 were desiccation tolerant. Ordinal logistic regression of desiccation response against environmental, habit, fruit and seed characteristics indicated that the likelihood of desiccation sensitivity was significantly increased by a tree habit, fleshy fruit, increasing fresh SMC and increasing PD-S. The responses observed in this study were combined with earlier studies to develop a simple decision key to aid prediction of desiccation responses in untested rainforest species.

Seed morphology and ultrastructure in Citrus garrawayi (Rutaceae) in relation to germinability

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim N. Hamilton ◽  
Sarah E. Ashmore ◽  
Rod A. Drew ◽  
Hugh W. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Outer Integument ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Embryonic Axis ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Immature Seeds

Combinational traits of seed size and seed-coat hardness in Citrus garrawayi (F.M.Bailey) (syn. of Microcitrus garrowayi) were investigated as markers for estimation of seed morphological and physiological maturity. Seed size (length) and coat hardness correlated well with changes in seed coat and embryo morphological development, dry-weight accumulation, decreases in moisture content and a significant increase in germinability. Seed moisture content decreased from 82 ± 1% in immature seeds to 40 ± 1% at seed maturation. The outer integument of immature seeds consisted of thin-walled epidermal fibres from which outgrowths of emerging protrusions were observed. In comparison, mature seed coats were characterised by the thickening of the cell walls of the epidermal fibres from which arose numerous protrusions covered by an extensive mucilage layer. Immature seeds, with incomplete embryo and seed-coat histodiffereniation, had a low mean germination percentage of 4 ± 4%. Premature seeds, with a differentiated embryonic axis, were capable of much higher levels of germination (51 ± 10%) before the attainment of mass maturity. Mature seeds, with the most well differentiated embryonic axis and maximum mean dry weight, had the significantly highest level of germination (88 ± 3%).

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