Prevalence and risk factors associated with traumatic dental injury among 12-year-old schoolchildren in Montes Claros, MG, Brazil

The scope of this study was to determine the prevalence of trauma in the permanent dentition of 12-year-old schoolchildren and assess associations with demographic factors such as gender and socioeconomic status and overjet and lip coverage clinical factors. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using a representative sample of 638 students. Data were gathered by means of clinical examinations and self-administered questionnaires. Descriptive analysis was performed, followed by the use of the chi-square test and Poisson logistic regression model for the determination of significant associations. The prevalence of traumatic dental injury was 34.9%. Falls constituted the main etiological factor (49.7%), and occurred in the home (48.2%). The results of the Poisson regression analysis revealed that accentuated overjet (> 5 mm) remained associated with traumatic dental injury irrespective of the other variables [PR = 1.50 (95% CI: 1.41 to 1.61); p = 0.003]. Moreover, a statistically significant association was found between accentuated overjet and dental trauma. No significant associations were found between TDI and socioeconomic status. These findings highlight the need for prevention strategies and orthodontic correction at the onset of the permanent dentition.

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Prevalence of Traumatic Dental Injuries among Children less than 12 Years Old

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽

pp. 686-690

Author(s):

Anirudh B. V. M. ◽

Archana Santhanam ◽

Nivethigaa B

Keyword(s):

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Dental Trauma ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Traumatic Dental Injuries ◽

Dental Injuries

Dental trauma or traumatic dental injuries is an emerging dental problem. Several studies showed that the prevalence of dental trauma has increased in the past few decades. Dental trauma can result in fracture, displacement or loss of a tooth. Dental trauma has been seen more in children who are involved in sports. The aim of the current study was to assess the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries among children less than 12 years old. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted where case records were collected and analysed the data of 86000 patients between June 2019 and March 2020 from a private dental institution. The data collected included children below 12 years of age with a history of dental trauma to anterior teeth. The data was tabulated with parameters such as age, gender, fractured tooth, classification of fractured tooth based on ellis classification. Data was imported to SPSS for statistical analysis. Descriptive analysis and chi-square test were used to compare the results. All values were considered statistically significant at P value< 0.005. In this study, boys were more affected (61.5%) with dental trauma compared to girl children. The most common age group involved was 10 to 12 years (66.7%) where the common tooth involved was maxillary central incisors (71.8%), with class 3 being the most common fracture (43.6%). We suggest that educational programs should be organized for the school teachers, children, and parents to improve their knowledge and timely management of dental trauma.

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A Cross Sectional Analysis of Tourism Development and Social Development

Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism ◽

10.14505//jemt.12.2(50).16 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 487

Author(s):

Tauseef AMAN ◽

Mussawar SHAH ◽

Humera JAMAL ◽

Younas KHAN ◽

Muhammad ARIF ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Development ◽

Local Community ◽

Tourism Development ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Close Proximity ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Government ◽

Sectional Analysis ◽

The Relationship

The major objective of this study was to measure the association between various interventions and Chitral Gole National Park (CGNP) role in preservation of bio-diversity and socio-economic uplift. A sample size of 346 respondents was randomly selected from total population of 3326 from the 4 selected villages on the basis of close proximity. A conceptual framework including dependent variable social development and independent variable tourism development were taken. The data were analyzed through frequency and percentage distribution. Moreover, Chi-square test was applied to know the relationship between dependent and independent variables at bi-variate level. In bi-variate analysis a highly significant (P=0.000) relation was found between CGNP is main source of promoting tourism in Chitral,tourists do any impacts upon local community in terms of increased business activities, local culture is safeguarded despite influx of tourists in the area, tourism produced employment opportunities, and social development. Qualitative data supported the empirical findings, however tourism brings economic opportunities at micro and macro level, but unfortunately CGNP is not as satisfactory regarding generating income since its establishment. The government should ensure to make such polices pertaining to the entrance fee, provides accommodation services on payment to the tourists and to reserve the entrance fee or any other form of taxes to ensure CGNP to spend on self-sustaining basis by ensuring refinement in the procedures as well.

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Association between socioeconomic status and the prevalence of intestinal worm infection in primary school children

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi44.3.2004.106-10 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 106

Author(s):

Sri Alemina Ginting ◽

Isra Firmansyah ◽

Dedi Satria Putra ◽

Dachrul Aldy ◽

Syahril Pasaribu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Stool Examination ◽

Medical Problems ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Intestinal Worm

Background In Indonesia, medical problems are indicated bydiseases associated with low socioeconomic status. The preva-lence of intestinal worm is still high in Indonesia.Objective The purpose of this study was to find the associationbetween socioeconomic status and the prevalence of intestinalworm infection.Methods A cross sectional study was done on 120 primary schoolchildren in Suka Village, Karo District, North Sumatra Province.Subjects were selected by means of random sampling. Kato Katzmethod was used in stool examination. Socioeconomic status wasreferred from the Survey Keluarga Sejahtera (Wealth Family Sur-vey) 1998 by the BKKBN (the National Coordination Board onFamily Planning). Data of socioeconomic status were collected byinterview using a questionnaire and analyzed by chi square test; pvalue of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results Eighty-four subjects (70%) suffered from intestinal worminfection. There was no significant association between either age(p=0.811) or nutritional status (p=0.792) and intestinal worm infec-tion, but there was significant association between sex and intes-tinal worm infection (p=0.028). There was also association betweenintestinal worm infection and father’s education (p=0.044). Mother’soccupation had a significant association with intestinal worm in-fection (p=0.001), but father’s occupation (p=0.474) did not. Nei-ther parents’ income (p=0.429) nor socioeconomic status (p=0.098)was associated with intestinal worm infection.Conclusion There was significant association between intestinalworm infection and sex, father’s education or mother’s occupation

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Relationship of Bone Marrow Plasma Cell Morphology with Cytogenetic Abnormalities in Patients with Multiple Myeloma

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2021/46545.14741 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vikram Narang ◽

Maneet Luthra ◽

Avantika Garg ◽

Amit Dhiman ◽

Neena Sood

Keyword(s):

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Plasma Cells ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Morphological Pattern ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cytogenetic Abnormalities ◽

Cytogenetic Studies ◽

Chi Square Test

Introduction: Cytogenetics has become an integral part of Multiple Myeloma (MM) diagnosis and prognostication. A combination of conventional cytogenetics and interphase Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) is currently used to stratify tumours into high, intermediate and standard risk disease. Aim: To compare the morphological details of plasma cells with cytogenetic abnormalities. Materials and Methods: The present retrospective cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Pathology Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana in three and a half year duration (1st January 2014 to 30th June 2017). All the diagnosed MM patients in whom cytogenetic was available were included and descriptive analysis was done using Chi-Square test and relevant statistical analysis using SPSS 21 version. Correlation was done with various morphological pattern (plasmacytic, plasma blastic). Results: Cytogenetic studies were performed on 42 cases using FISH technique (n=31, 81.6%) and GTG (Giemsa) banding (n=4, 10.5%). Three (7.9%) patients were tested with both methods. In the present study, all the patients (n=2,100%) with plasmablastic morphology who got tested with cytogenetics had del13q14.3 and none of the patients with normal genome (n=22) had plasmablastic morphology. Conclusion: Morphologic patterns of plasma cells and cytogenetic studies correlate well and can together help in better prognostication of MM patients.

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SOCIETY DIMENSIONS REVIEWED FROM LOSS & GRIEVING IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC ERA

Nurse and Health: Jurnal Keperawatan ◽

10.36720/nhjk.v10i1.209 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 18-25

Author(s):

Rahmawati Rahmawati ◽

Evita Muslima Isnanda Putri ◽

Fidrotin Azizah

Keyword(s):

Sex Education ◽

Cultural Context ◽

Process Analysis ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Educational Backgrounds ◽

Chi Square Test

Background:Covid-19 pandemic has spread across the world and is having an impact globally. The rules for handling the Covid-19 pandemic force people to change their habits and patterns of daily life. Covid-19 has brought dramatic changes to our lives, including many losses. However, change or transition experienced by the community due to the Covid-19 pandemic can cause loss and grief.Objectives:This study aims to determine society dimension variables with loss and grief in Covid-19 pandemic era.Methods:. Correlational analytic with cross sectional approach that analyzes the relationship between age, sex, education and occupation with Loss and Grieving. A sample of 278 respondents with accidental sampling technique. The instrument uses a questionnaire distributed by social media. Descriptive analysis with process analysis, analytic analysis with chi square test and Spearman's Rho at a significance level of 5%Results: All respondents experienced a grieving phase and most were in the Bargaining stage (54.3%). Men are more acceptable (14.3%) than women (9.6%). The age of 33.3% early adolescents and people who do not work 50% are dominant in the anger phase, most of all educational backgrounds are in the Bargaining phase (42.8% -55.9%)Conclusion:The length of time the incident occurred, the cultural context, the similarity of policies, and the territorial background of the Indonesian State greatly influenced the loss and grieving stages, making the majority of the grieving stages in the Bargaining stage. Keywords: loss, grief, Covid-19

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Students’ Perception on Government Policy of Routine HIV Testing: A Case of University of Zambia Ridgeway Campus

RAS Medical Science ◽

10.51520/2766-5240-15 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Chibochi Kaminsa ◽

Chirwa Simon ◽

Kalembwe Vincent ◽

Mukomenji Celestine ◽

Martha Mbewe Mwelwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Testing ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Good Policy ◽

Routine Hiv Testing ◽

Voluntary Counselling And Testing ◽

Design And Methods

Background HIV Routine testing to all hospital attendants offers testing to all patients irrespective of their presenting illness even if it has nothing to do with HIV. This approach differs from voluntary counselling and testing, which is client-initiated. Adolescents and young adults especially those in colleges are a sexually active group of people which makes them prone to HIV infection. Therefore, there was need to conduct this study to determine the perception of students on routine HIV testing at the University of Zambia (Ridgeway campus) to determine their attitude towards HIV testing. Design and Methods A cross sectional quantitative study was conducted at UNZARidgeway hostels using stratified random sampling to select study participants which included all males and females who were on campus. A semi-structured interview questionnaire was applied to collect data which was analyzed using SPSS version 23software. A Chi-square test was applied for descriptive analysis and results were presented in tables and charts. Results Majority indicated that routine HIV testing was a good policy and supported it; though surprisingly 94% of the students were knowledgeable about routine HIV testing and yet their knowledge did not affect their perception of the policy. However, their experiences, expectations and beliefs affected students’ perception on routine HIV testing. Conclusion Health practitioners should have positive attitude and good work culture in order to uphold students’ positive perception so as to encourage a culture of HIV testing and is free from stigma.

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Depression, anxiety, and stress in dentists in times of covid-19 in northern Peru.

Journal Of Oral Research ◽

10.17126/joralres.2021.022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Gleiser Arias-Vásquez ◽

◽

María Espinoza-Salcedo ◽

Keyword(s):

Work Experience ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northern Region ◽

Psychological Disorder ◽

Mild Stress ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test

Objective: To determine the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in dentists working in the northern region of Peru in times of COVID-19. Material and Methods: 310 dentists working in the northern region of Peru in times of COVID-19 were evaluated by means of an observational and cross-sectional study. Subjects were asked to give their informed consent and answer a virtual questionnaire containing 21 items based on the DASS-21 Scale that assesses depression, anxiety, and stress. A descriptive analysis was carried out with frequencies; for the variables of gender and years of work experience the Chi square test (p<0.05) was used. Results: It was found that 291 (93.87%) of the dentists suffered from some type of psychological disorder: stress (35.74%), anxiety (35.05%), depression (29.21%). Mild stress was the most prevalent accounting for 49.04% (51); mild depression with 45.88% (39), and moderate anxiety with 40.20% (41). A higher prevalence was found in females and in those dentists who had less than 5 years of work experience. Conclusion: 93.87% of dentists working in the northern region of Peru in times of COVID-19 presented some type of psychological disorder, a higher frequency of mild stress was found, followed by mild depression, and moderate anxiety.

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Influence Of Demographic Factors And History Of Malaria With The Incidence Malaria In MORU PHC

Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi ◽

10.20473/jbe.v4i3.2016.338-348 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 338

Author(s):

Sudirman Manumpa

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Economic Status ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Education Level ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

History Of

Malaria morbidity in Moru health center, with parameter Annual Parasite Incident (API), amounted to 16.9% in 2014. This figure was still high when compared to the target of eliminating malaria in Indonesia about <1% in 2030. Incidence of malaria is more common in children aged 5 months - <12 years. This high rates of malaria leads to poverty, low level of learning achievement of children and in pregnant women causing low birth weight in babies and death. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the incidence of tertian and Tropikana malaria or combined Tropikana and tertian (mix) in Moru PHC in sub-district Alor Southwestern, Alor Regency.This study used a cross-sectional design, the population of study were all patients undergoing peripheral blood examination in Moru PHC’s laboratory from June to October 2015. The number of samples in this study was 173 respondents. The sampling technique was Simple Random Sampling. Instruments of data collection were a questionnaire and observation sheet.Results of the study by Chi-Square test showed that the factors influencing the incidence of malaria were socioeconomic status (sig 0,000), education level (sig 0.001). By using multivariate analysis with logistic regression test, results were obtained the age of 5 months - <12 value (sig 0.025) and socioeconomic status (sig 0,000) influencing the incidence of malaria.Variables that affect the incidence of malaria were demographic factors such as age, education level, socioeconomic status. It is advisable to harness swamp thus improving the economic status of society and build permanent house.Keywords: incidence malaria, demographic factors, history of malaria

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Coping with COVID-19 in an international border region: health and economy

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/1518-8345.4659.3398 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

Author(s):

Reinaldo Antonio Silva-Sobrinho ◽

Adriana Zilly ◽

Rosane Meire Munhak da Silva ◽

Marcos Augusto Moraes Arcoverde ◽

Enrique Jorge Deschutter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Border Region ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Unified Health System ◽

The Social ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

International Border

Objective: to analyze how the social isolation measures and closed borders affected the health and economy in an international border region. Method: descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the western region of Paraná, Brazil, using an electronic form created using Google® forms. A sample of 2,510 people was addressed. Descriptive analysis and the Chi-square test were performed, with a level of significance established at 5%. This public opinion survey, addressing unidentified participants, is in accordance with Resolutions 466/2012 and 510/2016. Results: the participants were 41.5 years old on average, most were women and worked in the education sector; 41.9% reported that the closing of borders/commercial businesses negatively influenced income; 17.7% reported the possibility of losing their jobs; 89.0% consider that a larger number of people would be sick if the borders/commercial had not been closed; 63.7% believe the health services are not prepared to deal with the pandemic; 74.9% realize that the Brazilian Unified Health System may not have sufficient service capacity; 63.4% reported anxiety; and 75.6% of commercial workers will experience changes in their income level. Conclusion: the closing of international borders and commercial businesses was related to a perception of physical and mental changes, job loss, and decreased income.

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Satisfaction of deaf patients with the health care

Revista CEFAC ◽

10.1590/1982-0216/20202258119 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Regiane Ferreira Rezende ◽

Leonor Bezerra Guerra ◽

Sirley Alves da Silva Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Medical Care ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Self Perception ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Deaf Adults ◽

Chi Square Test

ABSTRACT Purpose: to investigate the satisfaction of deaf people in relation to the health services, to characterize the sample regarding sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and self-perception of deafness, and to verify if there is an association between satisfaction with care, communication, professionals, and self-perception of deafness. Methods: an observational, cross-sectional study conducted with a semi-structured questionnaire in 74 deaf adults. A descriptive analysis of the characterization of the sample and attendance, and an analysis of the association between satisfaction, professionals, self-perception, service used, and schooling level was performed, using the chi-square test. The level of significance adopted was 5%. Results: the sample was composed mainly of women (66.2%), 18 to 28 years old (46.5%), of socioeconomic class D (51.3%), having finished high school (56.76%), and employed as an office assistant or typist (90%), 63.5% self-declared as deaf, 51.3% were bilingual, and 54.4% were not satisfied with the medical care. There was a statistically significant difference between the level of satisfaction of the volunteers with the health care received in relation to the different health professionals who attended them (p< 0.05). Conclusion: most of the population was not satisfied with medical care, although this service was most sought. The type of communication used by the professionals and the presence of an interpreter were not effective. It is necessary to implement strategies to ensure accessibility and comprehensive careto this population.

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