scholarly journals Risk factors related to the appearance of umbilical disorders in dairy calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1249-1259
Author(s):  
J.A. Bombardelli ◽  
K.M. Madureira ◽  
C.H. Seino ◽  
G.S. Gravina ◽  
E.C. Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Holstein Calves

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the types of calve housing used in dairy farms, the prevalence of umbilical disorders and related risk factors. The 16 farms studied were visited to characterize the types of installation and possible risk factors, as well as information obtained from a questionnaire applied to the farmers. 806 Holstein calves were physically examined, in addition to collecting blood samples for the evaluation of Failures in Passive Immunity Transfer (FPIT), in animals that manifested inflammatory omphalopathies, and were also submitted to ultrasound examination. The prevalence of omphalopathies was assessed by Fisher's test, and multivariate logistic regression to assess risk factors. Eight types of installation were found: tropical house, suspended cage, collective stall, collective picket, Argentinean type, single-story cage, individual stall, and collective picket with chain. Omphalopathies accounted for 6.45% of the calves. Small size farms (up to 99 lactation cows) had high risk for umbilical disorders, ground floor collective calves, without side protection, with sand floor, in closed sheds and without heatstroke were considered risk factors for omphalopathies. Adequate colostrum and umbilical antisepsis are not associated with disease, its appearance being related to the housing conditions of the animals.

scholarly journals Dr Effects of Adiponectin, Plasma D-Dimer, Inflammation and Tumor Markers on Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Patients with Ovarian Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Serum Tumor Markers ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Hs Crp

 [Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effects of adiponectin (ADPN), plasma D-dimer (D-D), inflammation and tumor markers on clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer. Methods: A total of 80 patients with ovarian cancer treated in our hospital from April 2017 to November 2019 were enrolled as study subjects and evenly divided into observation group (patients with ovarian cancer) and control group (patients with benign ovarian tumor) based on the results of postoperative pathological biopsy. The levels of ADPN, plasma D-D, inflammatory factors and serum tumor markers [carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) and risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA)] were compared between the two groups. The diagnostic value of serum tumor markers CA125, HE4 and ROMA in ovarian cancer was explored. The correlations of the changes of ROMA with the changes in the levels of ADPN, plasma D-D, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), CA125 and HE4 were analyzed. Additionally, the related risk factors affecting the development of ovarian cancer were subjected to univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: In comparison with control group, observation group exhibited a lowered ADPN level (p<0.05), notably raised levels of plasma D-D, inflammatory factors hs-CRP and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and serum tumor markers CA125 and HE4 and an evidently increased ROMA (p<0.05). Besides, the detection of serum ROMA showed the highest specificity and sensitivity and low false positive rate and false negative rate. The changes of ROMA were positively correlated with the changes in the levels of plasma D-D, hs-CRP, CA125 and HE4 (p<0.05), and negatively associated with the changes in ADPN level (p<0.05). The results of univariate analysis showed that abnormal ADPN, D-D, hs-CRP, IL-6, CA125 and HE4 levels were related risk factors affecting the development of ovarian cancer. It was found through multivariate logistic regression analysis that decreased ADPN level and increased D-D, hs-CRP, IL-6, CA125 and HE4 levels were independent risk factors affecting the development of ovarian cancer. Conclusion: In the case of ovarian cancer, the ADPN level declines, while the levels of plasma D-D, inflammatory factors, and serum tumor markers CA125, HE4 and ROMA rise obviously. Besides, the ROMA level displays a positive relation to the content of CA125, HE4, plasma D-D and inflammatory factors and a negative association with ADPN level.

Physiological and behavioural changes in Holstein calves during and after dehorning or castration

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Schwartzkopf-Genswein ◽  
M. E. Booth-McLean ◽  
T. A. McAllister ◽  
G. J. Mears
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Post Procedure ◽  
Cortisol Responses ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
And Control

Physiological and behavioural responses of 17 bull and 12 heifer dairy calves (80.9 ± 1.4 kg) to either hot-iron dehorning or dehorning followed by scalpel castration were compared to both control and sham procedures and to each other. Blood samples were collected via jugular catheters at 15 and 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 24, and 48 h post procedure, sham or control. Cortisol levels remained elevated above controls for at least 2 h after castration and 30 min after dehorning. Initial (T0–T15 min) cortisol responses to castration were not different from those to dehorning. However, they were greater than for dehorning at 2 and 4 h post procedure. Both castrated and dehorned calves kicked and vocalized more frequently (P < 0.05) than during sham procedures. Struggling was greater during dehorning than the sham, but occurred less (P < 0.05) during castration than the sham possibly due to the prior experience of dehorning. Dehorned calves had a higher (P < 0.05) occurrence of both struggling and kicking compared to castrated calves. Heart rate was higher (P < 0.001), compared to control values, in both the sham (P < 0.02) and dehorned calves. Non-anaesthetized dairy calves had elevated cortisol, and heart rate levels as well as more severe behavioural responses to castration and dehorning compared to sham and control treatments. Differences in the responses to each procedure may have been due to handling differences or prior experience of dehorning. Key words: Behaviour, castration, cortisol, dairy calves, dehorning, heart rate

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors for ESBL/AmpC-E. coli in Pre-Weaned Dairy Calves on Dairy Farms in Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2135
Author(s):  
Laura Patricia Weber ◽  
Sylvia Dreyer ◽  
Maike Heppelmann ◽  
Katharina Schaufler ◽  
Timo Homeier-Bachmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Federal States ◽  
E Coli ◽  
German Federal States ◽  
Waste Milk

The objectives of this study were to ascertain the fecal ESBL/AmpC-E. coli prevalence and to detect risk factors for their occurrence in young pre-weaned calves and their dams on large dairy farms in Germany. From 2018–2019 we investigated 2816 individual fecal samples from pre-weaned dairy calves and their dams, representing seventy-two farms (mean = 667 milking cows) from eight German federal states. To assess possible risk factors associated with ESBL/AmpC-E. coli prevalence in calves and dams, a questionnaire was performed, collecting management data. We observed an ESBL/AmpC-E. coli prevalence of 63.5% (95% CI: 57.4–69.5) among the sampled calves and 18.0% (95% CI: 12.5–23.5) among the dams. On all farms, at least one positive sample was obtained. To date, this is the highest ESBL/AmpC-E. coli prevalence observed in dairy herds in Europe. Feeding with waste milk was identified as a significant risk factor for a high prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-E. coli in calves. Many calves at large dairies in Germany are fed with waste milk due to the large amounts generated as a result of antibiotic dry-off routines and mastitis treatment with antibiotics. Other notable risk factors for high ESBL/AmpC-E. coli in calves were the general fitness/health of dams and calves, and the quality of farm hygiene. Taken together, these findings suggest that new or improved approaches to animal health management, for example, antibiotic dry cow management (selective dry cow therapy) and mastitis treatment (high self-recovery), as well as farm hygiene, should be researched and implemented.

Development of a welfare assessment protocol for dairy calves from birth through to weaning

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Barry ◽  
E Kennedy ◽  
R Sayers ◽  
IJM de Boer ◽  
EAM Bokkers
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Expert Consultation ◽  
Welfare Assessment ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
On Farm ◽  
General Appearance

The aim of this study was to develop a welfare assessment protocol using different indicators, for pre-weaned dairy calves, that is feasible and time efficient. To this end, the protocol had to combine animal-based indicators (measurements on physiology, general appearance and behaviour) providing the basis for welfare assessment, with resource-based indicators (measurements on management and the environment) providing the basis for identifying risk factors. Indicators, both animal- and resource-based, were selected by a review of existing literature and a process of expert consultation. Following the formulation phase, the protocol was then applied on five Irish dairy farms to develop further for completeness and on-farm feasibility. After each on-farm application, the protocol was critically evaluated, and modifications were made accordingly. Upon completion of the on-farm application phase, a feasible, reliable and time-efficient protocol was produced.

scholarly journals Effect of Distance to Trauma Centre, Trauma Centre Level, and Trauma Centre Region on Fatal Injuries among Motorcyclists in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2998
Author(s):  
Bayu Satria Wiratama ◽  
Ping-Ling Chen ◽  
Chung-Jen Chao ◽  
Ming-Heng Wang ◽  
Wafaa Saleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Trauma Centre ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Traffic Crash ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Centre Region ◽  
Fatal Injuries

Background: Studies have suggested that trauma centre-related risk factors, such as distance to the nearest trauma hospital, are strong predictors of fatal injuries among motorists. Few studies have used a national dataset to study the effect of trauma centre-related risk factors on fatal injuries among motorists and motorcyclists in a country where traffic is dominated by motorcycles. This study investigated the effect of distance from the nearest trauma hospital on fatal injuries from two-vehicle crashes in Taiwan from 2017 to 2019. Methods: A crash dataset and hospital location dataset were combined. The crash dataset was extracted from the National Taiwan Traffic Crash Dataset from 1 January 2017 through 31 December 2019. The primary exposure in this study was distance to the nearest trauma hospital. This study performed a multiple logistic regression to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for fatal injuries. Results: The multivariate logistic regression models indicated that motorcyclists involved in crashes located ≥5 km from the nearest trauma hospital and in Eastern Taiwan were approximately five times more likely to sustain fatal injuries (AOR = 5.26; 95% CI: 3.69–7.49). Conclusions: Distance to, level of, and region of the nearest trauma centre are critical risk factors for fatal injuries among motorcyclists but not motorists. To reduce the mortality rate of trauma cases among motorcyclists, interventions should focus on improving access to trauma hospitals.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Edoxaban Concentration Among Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-Yi Lin ◽  
Ching-Hua Kuo ◽  
Li-Ting Ho ◽  
Yen-Bin Liu ◽  
Chih-Fen Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Off Label ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Trough Concentrations ◽  
Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography

Background and Purpose: Edoxaban exposure varies across different ethnicities. The purpose of our study was to examine the risk factors associated with high or low edoxaban concentrations in Asian populations.Methods: Participants with atrial fibrillation who were undergoing edoxaban therapy were enrolled. Peak (1–4 h after edoxaban administration) and trough (24 ± 4 h from the last edoxaban dose) blood samples were collected to measure edoxaban concentrations using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The edoxaban concentrations were compared to those observed in clinical trials to define a higher- or lower-than-expected range. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors associated with high or low edoxaban concentrations.Results: Eighty participants (49 men, 61.3%) were enrolled and provided 78 trough and 76 peak samples. Twenty participants (25.6%) were determined to have low trough concentrations, which was associated with higher creatinine clearance and the use of the 30 mg regimen (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06 [1.01, 1.11], p = 0.01 and 5.77 [1.34, 24.75], p = 0.02, respectively). In contrast, 21 participants (27.6%) had high peak concentrations, which was associated with an off-label overdosing regimen (OR = 4.68 [1.23, 17.70], p = 0.02).Conclusion: Our study identified factors associated with increased or decreased edoxaban exposure. The measurement of edoxaban concentration may be recommended for patients with selected characteristics.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with failed transfer of passive immunity in male and female dairy calves: A 2008 retrospective cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 3521-3528 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.L. Renaud ◽  
K.M. Waalderbos ◽  
L. Beavers ◽  
T.F. Duffield ◽  
K.E. Leslie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Factors Associated

Determination of neonatal serum immunoglobulin G concentrations associated with mortality during the first 4 months of life in dairy heifer calves

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munashe Chigerwe ◽  
Jill V Hagey ◽  
Sharif S Aly
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulin ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Dairy Heifer

Colostral administration practices on dairy farms have significantly improved over the last 15–20 years resulting in prevalence of calves ingesting insufficient colostrum decreasing from 35–40% to 19%. Despite these improvements, the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration of ≥1000 g/dl and serum total protein (TP) concentrations of ≥5·2 g/dl are considered indicative of adequate transfer of immunity. We hypothesised that the current serum IgG concentrations of ≥1000 mg/dl is too low to indicate adequate transfer of colostral immunity on modern dairies. The objective of this study was to determine the serum IgG and TP concentrations indicating adequate transfer of passive immunity in dairy heifer calves. A cohort study of 1290 heifers from a calf raising facility for 48 dairy farms was performed. Heifers were assigned into strata based on serum IgG and TP concentrations. Mortality events were recorded for the heifers for 4 months. Interval likelihood ratios for mortality were calculated for heifers in each stratum of serum IgG or TP concentrations. Logistic regression to predict probability of mortality events was performed. Estimates of probability of survival were evaluated using survival analysis. Serum strata of ≤1500, 1501–2000 or >2500 were not significant predictors of mortality during the 120 d of rearing. Serum IgG concentration was not a significant predictor of hazard for mortality. In contrast to previous studies, serum IgG and TP concentrations of 2001–2500 mg/dl and 5·8–6·3 g/dl respectively, were considered optimum for indicating adequate passive transfer of colostral immunity in dairy calves based on the likelihood ratios. On dairies with optimum colostral feeding practices, serum IgG and TP concentrations of 2001–2500 mg/dl and 5·8–6·3 g/dl are recommended as endpoints to indicate adequate passive immunity in dairy calves.

scholarly journals Thermoregulatory Responses and Performance of Dairy Calves Fed Different Amounts of Colostrum

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Fernanda Lavinia Moura Silva ◽  
Evangelina Miqueo ◽  
Marcos Donizete da Silva ◽  
Thaís Manzoni Torrezan ◽  
Nathalia Brito Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Thermoregulatory Responses ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Cold Challenge ◽  
And Performance

This study investigates the newborn thermoregulatory responses to cold and the performance of calves fed different colostrum volumes. Thirty newborn Holstein calves were blocked by birth body weight (BW; 39.4 ± 6.5 kg) and fed different high-quality colostrum volumes: 10%, 15%, or 20% of BW, which was split and fed at 2 and 8 h after birth. At 24 h of life, calves were placed in a chamber at 10 °C for 150 min. Skin and rectal temperature (RT), heart and respiratory rate, and shivering were measured every 15 min. Blood samples were taken every 30 min. After the cold challenge, calves were housed in ambient temperature (26.8 ± 5.9 °C), with free access to water and concentrate and received 6 L/d of milk replacer. Feed intake, fecal score, and RT were recorded daily, until 56 d of age. Blood samples, BW, and body measures were taken weekly. During the cold challenge, prescapular temperature and total serum protein were greater for calves fed 15% or 20%. Leukocytes increased preweaning, presenting higher values for calves fed 20%. Even though there was a benefit for the calf submitted to cold stress on the first day of life, feeding higher volumes of colostrum resulted in no differences in performance during the preweaning phase. Nevertheless, calves fed a higher volume of colostrum (20% BW) presented increased immune responses during the preweaning phase.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondiiin Blood Donors: A Study in Boyer-Ahmad County, Southwest Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdolali Moshfe ◽  
Nasir Arefkhah ◽  
Bahador Sarkari ◽  
Saadat Kazemi ◽  
Ahmad Mardani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Southwest Iran

Toxoplasma gondiiis an important foodborne protozoan that can be transmitted through infected blood containing tachyzoite form of the parasite. The current study aimed to evaluate the prevalence ofT. gondiiinfection and related risk factors among healthy blood donors in Boyer-Ahmad County, southwest Iran. Blood samples were taken from 285 healthy blood donors who voluntarily agreed to participate in this study. Sera and buffy coat were isolated from the blood samples for serological and molecular evaluations. The sera were tested for anti-T. gondiiantibodies (both IgG and IgM), using a commercial ELISA kit. The buffy coat of seropositive cases was evaluated for detection ofT. gondiiDNA by PCR. Moreover, a structured questionnaire, containing socioepidemiological data and possible risk factors, was filled out by each participant during sample collection. Anti-T. gondiiantibodies were detected in sera of 48/285 (16.8%) participants. Only two of the subjects (0.7%) were seropositive for both IgG and IgM antibodies.T. gondiiDNA was not detected in buffy coat of any of the seropositive cases. Risk factors such as contact with soil (OR, 9.7; 95% CI, 4.9–19.4) and consumption of semicooked meat (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2–5.03) were statistically associated with seropositivity toT. gondii. The seroprevalence rate ofT. gondiiantibodies in the blood donors of Boyer-Ahmad County was not high in comparison with other regions in Iran. In this study, consumption of undercooked meats, job, and contact with soil were independent risk factors associated withT. gondiiinfection, which can be considered as potential sources ofT.gondiiinfection.

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