The testing for COVID-19 in symptomatic patients as a protective factor against stress, anxiety, and depression

Abstract Objectives: to determine the frequency of stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms in symptomatic patients for COVID-19. To evaluate the associated factors involved in these variants. Methods: between May/June of 2020, it was conducted a prospective cross-section study with symptomatic participants for COVID-19 (n=300). It was applied an online questionnaire and the DASS-21 to evaluate the mental health of participants. Results: it was observed that 28.6%, 29.7% and 27% of the participants showed severe/extreme levels symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression, respectively. The testing for COVID-19 application had constituted a protective factor for the development of psychiatric morbidity, once it had shown significant association in the low frequencies of severe/extreme depression [Odds Ratio (OR)]= 0.26; p=0.002) and stress (OR=0.39; p=0.01). Conclusion: individuals that are symptomatic for COVID-19 are a vulnerable group that may present high symptomatology for depression, anxiety, and stress. The identification of psychiatric morbidity frequency and its associated factors may contribute for the development of mental health strategies aiming at the prevention and mitigation of psychological impact in COVID-19 symptomatic population during the pandemic.

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Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Pakistani University Students and How They Are Coping

10.1101/2020.05.21.20108647 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Muhammad Salman ◽

Noman Asif ◽

Zia Ul Mustafa ◽

Tahir Mehmood Khan ◽

Naureen Shehzadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

University Students ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Depression Score ◽

Spiritual Coping ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Brief Cope

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 is spreading quickly, causing great deal of fear and unrest in the public. We aimed to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 on university students and their coping strategies.MethodsThis web-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among students of four Pakistani higher education institutions. Google forms were used to disseminate the online questionnaire to assess anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), sources of distress (14-items) and the coping strategies (Brief-COPE).ResultsA total of 1134 responses (age 21.7 ± 3.5 years) were included. The frequency of students having moderate-severe anxiety and depression (score ≥ 10) were ≈ 34% and 45%, respectively. The respondents’ aged ≥ 31 years had significantly lower depression score than those below 30 years. Males had significantly less anxiety and depression scores than females. Additionally, those having a family member, friend or acquaintance infected with the disease had significantly higher anxiety score. The main sources of distress were the changes in daily life due to the ongoing pandemic. Regarding coping strategies, majority of respondents were found to have adopted religious/spiritual coping (6.45 ± 1.68) followed by acceptance (5.58 ± 1.65).ConclusionsCOVID-19 have significant adverse impact on students’ mental health. The most frequent coping strategy adopted by them are religious/spiritual coping, acceptance, self-distraction and active coping. It is suggested that mental health of students should not be neglected during epidemics.

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Childhood Material Hardship and Adolescent Mental Health

Youth & Society ◽

10.1177/0044118x211001896 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0044118X2110018

Author(s):

Chrisse Edmunds ◽

Melissa Alcaraz

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Adolescent Depression ◽

Adolescent Mental Health ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Fragile Families ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Material Hardship ◽

Critical Age ◽

The Relationship

Adolescent mental health has implications for current and future wellbeing. While a link exists between poverty and mental health, little is known about how experiencing material hardship, such as insecurity of food, housing, utilities, and medical care, throughout early childhood affects adolescent mental health. We examine the relationship between material hardship in childhood and adolescent mental health. We use Poisson regression to examine the effect of material hardship experienced at different stages of childhood on adolescent depression and anxiety outcomes at age 15. We use longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study ( N = 3,222). We find that recently experiencing material hardship during childhood is positively and significantly associated with anxiety and depression symptoms at age 15, even when controlling for material hardship at age 15. Additionally, we find that insecurity during mid-childhood and the stress of lacking basic needs during a critical age may influence mental health in adolescence.

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Paramedics in pandemics: protecting the mental wellness of those behind enemy lines

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.2020.193 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

Shehar Bano Awais ◽

Russell Seth Martins ◽

Muhammad Shameel Khan

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Health Issues ◽

Vulnerable Group ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Mental Health Issues ◽

Mental Wellness ◽

Frontline Healthcare Workers ◽

Shed Light

Summary Besides a global health crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic has potential to have a severe and long-lasting psychological impact on frontline healthcare workers such as paramedics. It is imperative to shed light on these mental health issues and employ interventions to protect the mental wellness of this vulnerable group of healthcare workers.

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Community Support as a Moderator of Postdisaster Mental Health Symptoms in Urban and Nonurban Communities

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1017/dmp.2013.74 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 443-451 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jenny S. West ◽

Matthew Price ◽

Kirstin Stauffacher Gros ◽

Kenneth J. Ruggiero

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Community Support ◽

Recovery Process ◽

Population Based ◽

Mental Health Outcomes ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Interpersonal Effects ◽

Disaster Exposure

AbstractObjectiveWe examined the association between disaster exposure, community support, and mental health outcomes in urban and nonurban participants of Galveston and Chambers counties after Hurricane Ike. The moderating effect of community support was evaluated as a protective factor relative to postdisaster mental health.MethodsA representative population-based sample of 157 urban and 714 nonurban adults were interviewed 12 to 17 months after the hurricane about their mental health functioning, disaster exposure, and perceptions of community support.ResultsA series of multiple regressions demonstrated that disaster exposure was associated with mental health outcomes for both groups. The strength of the association varied across population samples.Community support moderated the association between interpersonal effects of the disaster and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression outcomes in nonurban participants and the association between property damage and PTSD in urban participants.ConclusionsCommunity support played a larger role in reducing PTSD and depression symptoms associated with the interpersonal effects of a disaster in the nonurban sample only. Communities may play a more beneficial role in the recovery process in nonurban areas that have elevated levels of injury or death attributed to a disaster. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;0:1–9)

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Assessment of Anxiety and Depression in Polish Primary Parental Caregivers of Children with Cerebral Palsy Compared to a Control Group, as well as Identification of Selected Predictors

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16214173 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (21) ◽

pp. 4173 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Barbara Gugała ◽

Beata Penar-Zadarko ◽

Danuta Pięciak-Kotlarz ◽

Katarzyna Wardak ◽

Aneta Lewicka-Chomont ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Sense Of Coherence ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Control Group ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Study Group ◽

Modifiable Factors ◽

Taking Care

Background: Taking care of a child with Cerebral Palsy (CP) may be linked with adverse effects in the parents’ physical and mental health. The causes of anxiety and depression symptoms associated with childcare are still not fully understood. Aim: To assess the intensity of anxiety and depression symptoms in parents of children with CP compared to a control group and to identify selected mental health predictors. Design and Methods: Data were collected from 301 respondents, including 190 parents of children with CP (study group) and 111 parents taking care of children developing normally (control group). Intensity of anxiety and depression was rated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scale. Gross Motor Function Classification System for Cerebral Palsy (GMFCS), Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-29), Berlin Support Social Scales (BSSS) scales and a specially designed questionnaire were used to assess the predictors. The investigated variables included the children’s and the parents’ characteristics, as well as environmental factors. The analyses applied Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, M(SD) as well as multiple regression. Results: The level of anxiety and depression was clearly higher in the parents of children with CP–the mean levels of anxiety and depression in the study group and the controls amounted to 8.1 vs. 4.7 and 6.8 vs. 3.7, respectively. The factors associated with intensity of anxiety and depression in the parents of children with CP included lack of social support, mainly perceived and received support, unsatisfying parental health status, poor economic status of the family, as well as difficult living conditions, sense of coherence, loneliness, the parent’s gender, and the child’s intellectual disability. Conclusions: Identification of significant anxiety and depression predictors, understood as modifiable factors, should be considered in determining and planning comprehensive support for a child with CP and his/her primary parental caregiver.

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Anxiety and Depression Among Adult Tobacco Users During the COVID-19 Restrictions in India.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-806234/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shalini Bassi ◽

Gaurang P. Nazar ◽

Nishigandha Joshi ◽

Nitika Sharma ◽

Aishwarya Pandian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Tobacco Cessation ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Easy Access ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Indian Government ◽

Patient Health ◽

Indian Cities

Abstract Background The world witnessed a highly contagious and deadly disease, COVID-19, towards the end of 2019. India is one of the worst affected countries. We aimed to assess anxiety and depression levels among adult tobacco users and people who recently quit tobacco during COVID − 19 lockdown in India. Methods The study was conducted across two Indian cities, Delhi and Chennai (July-August, 2020) among adult tobacco users (n = 801). Telephonic interviews were conducted using validated mental health tools (Patient Health Questionnaire-PHQ-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-GAD-7) to assess the anxiety and depression levels of the participants. Descriptive analysis and multiple logistic regression were used to study the prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety. Results We found that 20.6% of tobacco users had depression symptoms (3.9% moderate to severe); 20.7% had anxiety symptoms (3.8% moderate to severe). Risk factors associated with depression and anxiety included food, housing, and financial insecurity. Conclusion During COVID-19 lockdown, mental health of tobacco users (primarily women) was associated with food, housing and financial insecurity. The Indian Government rightly initiated several health, social and economic measures to shield the most vulnerable from COVID-19, including a ban on the sale of tobacco products. It is also necessary to prioritize easy access to tobacco cessation and mental health services to such vulnerable populations during pandemic situations.

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Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of general population of Pakistan

Journal of Islamabad Medical & Dental College ◽

10.35787/jimdc.v9i4.592 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 256-261

Author(s):

Muhammad Afzal ◽

Dr. Hameed Mumtaz Durrani ◽

Dr. Muhammad Imran Sohail

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

General Population ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Depression Score ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

P Value ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Comorbid Disease ◽

The Mean

Objective: To ascertain the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of general population of Pakistan. Study design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. Place and Duration of study: The participants in the study were selected from community population of Islamabad in a period of two months from 15th May to 15 July 2020. Patients and Methods: A total of 278 participants were selected for this study. All the participants were given structured questionnaire consisting on demographic information HADS scoring system to calculate depression and anxiety. HADS consists of 14 questions, each of which is scored 0–3. The possible scores for depression and anxiety ranged 0-21. Higher scores indicate increased severity of anxiety or depression. A cut off value of 8 or more was used to identify the anxiety and depression. Results: The mean age was 33.42 ± 9.67 years and 148 (53.2%) were males. Among these participants 238 (85.6%) were resident of urban area, and 167 (60.1%) were married. Most of the participants were graduate 102 (36.7%). Thirty-six (12.9%) participants had a known patient of Covid-19 in their family or friends. Most of the participants 196 (70.5%) had no any comorbid disease. The mean anxiety score was noted to be 6.47 ± 5.51 and mean depression score was 6.65 ± 4.17. History of any comorbid disease showed a highly significant (p-value < 0.01) association with anxiety and depression score. Conclusion: To minimize the effect of Covid-19 pandemic on mental health of general population attention should be given to vulnerable groups like males, middle age adults, less educated and unemployed persons especially the people with chronic comorbid disease. Keywords: Covid-19, Mental health, General population, Anxiety, Depression

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Condition openness is associated with better mental health in individuals with an intersex/differences of sex development condition: structural equation modeling of European multicenter data

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291721004001 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Tim C. van de Grift ◽

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Structural Equation Modeling ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Study Patient ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Sex Development ◽

Differences Of Sex Development

Abstract Background Openness on one's health condition or (stigmatized) identity generally improves mental health. Intersex or differences of sex development (DSD) conditions have long been kept concealed and high levels of (internalizing) mental health problems are reported. This study examines the effects of condition openness on anxiety and depression and the role of mediating concepts in this population. Methods Cross-sectional data of individuals of 16 years and older with an intersex/DSD condition was collected in 14 specialized European clinics as part of the dsd-LIFE study. Patient-reported measures were taken on openness and shame (Coping with DSD), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), satisfaction with care (CSQ4), anxiety and depression (HADS). Scores were compared per clinical group and data were analyzed via structural equation modeling (SEM) to calculate prediction and mediation models. Results Data of 903 individuals were included in this study (Turner syndrome (n = 284), 46, XY DSD (n = 233), CAH (n = 206) and Klinefelter syndrome (n = 180)). Participants were moderately open on their condition. High levels of both anxiety and depression were observed across the sample. In SEM analysis, the tested models predicted 25% of openness, 31% of anxiety and 48% of depression. More condition openness directly predicted lower anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as indirectly through increased self-esteem, self-satisfaction and satisfaction with social support. Conclusions Condition openness is associated with lower anxiety and depression in individuals with an intersex/DSD condition. Healthcare may provide the necessary knowledge and skills to employ one's optimal level of self-disclosure in order to improve mental health.

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Stress and Oral Hygiene Practices among South Kashmiri Residents during COVID-19 Pandemic - A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i38a32054 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 8-20

Author(s):

Asifa Ashraf ◽

Ipseeta Menon ◽

Ritu Gupta ◽

Vikram Arora ◽

Dipshikha Das ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Mental Healthcare ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Concern ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adequate Knowledge

Background and Objectives: Covid-19 is highly contagious disease and has today become a major public health concern in the developing countries worldwide. This study attempted to assess the knowledge, attitude, anxiety experience, perceived mental healthcare, and oral health among adult Kashmiri population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An anonymous online questionnaire was developed using Google forms to avoid person-to-person contact. The structured questionnaire consisted of questions covering several areas: sociodemographic data, knowledge, awareness, attitude about the COVID-19 , the anxiety level, oral hygiene habits during confinement, care and disinfection control behaviours in the dental environment. Results: Due to continuing conflict in Kashmir during the last 18 years there has been a phenomenal increase in psychiatric morbidity. The results reveal that the prevalence of depression was high 46.3% among Kashmiri residents who were anxious with the thought of COVID-19 virus. In our study it was also found that 66.2% of the responders had a moderate level of knowledge about being getting quarantined and 97.7% of the participants had an adequate knowledge about its preventive aspects. The anxiety levels identified in the study were high i.e. more than 70% of the participants were preoccupied with the COVID-19 pandemic over the past months. Approximately, 42.6% of the participants have been angered and distressed due to being worried about the ongoing pandemic. Oral hygiene and last visit to the dentist were found highly significant in our study i.e. approximately 36.6% of the participants had visited a dentist among which 35.2% had visited only due to consultation advise. Conclusion: Population of Kashmir had a better mean knowledge score regarding this virus but yet mental health is an integral part of overall health and quality of life. Substantial and sustainable improvements can be achieved only when a comprehensive strategy for mental health which incorporates both prevention and care elements is adopted. There is a need to intensify the awareness and address the mental health issues, and importance of oral hygiene of people during this COVID-19 pandemic.

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Anxiety and depression in the Republic of Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic

10.31234/osf.io/8yqxr ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Philip Hyland ◽

Mark Shevlin ◽

Orla McBride ◽

Jamie Murphy ◽

Thanos Karatzias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Perceived Risk ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Self Report ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Generalized Anxiety ◽

Republic Of Ireland ◽

The Republic ◽

Anxiety Depression ◽

Temporary Closure

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland precipitated the temporary closure of all non-essential services and a nationwide quarantine as of March 27th, 2020. This study represents the first assessment of the mental health of the nation during the initial phase of the COVID-19 response, as part of a multi-wave investigation into the social, behavioural, and psychological impact of the pandemic.Aims: First, estimate prevalence rates of depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and combined anxiety and depression, and identify risk factors associated with screening positive for anxiety/depression. Second, determine if COVID-19-related anxiety was highest amongst those identified with the greatest mortality risk from the virus. Method: Self-report data from a nationally representative Irish sample (N = 1,041) was collected online between March 31 and April 5; the first week of the Republic of Ireland’s nationwide quarantine measures. Results: A substantial proportion of people screened positive for depression (22.77%), generalized anxiety (20.00%), and anxiety/depression (27.67%). Screening positive for anxiety/depression was associated with younger age, female sex, loss of income due to COVID-19, COVID-19 infection, and higher perceived risk of COVID-19 infection. Citizens aged 65 and older reported significantly higher levels of COVID-19 anxiety than adults aged 18-34. Sex, underlying health conditions, and proximity to COVID-19 deaths were not associated with COVID-19 anxiety.Conclusions: Government responses to the current pandemic should ensure that measures protect not only the population’s physical health, but its mental health also, as an equally important component of health and wellbeing.

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