scholarly journals Speech profile in Down syndrome: speech apraxia x speech disorder of musculoskeletal origin

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julyane Feitoza Coêlho ◽  
Isabelle Cahino Delgado ◽  
Marine Raquel Diniz da Rosa ◽  
Giorvan Ânderson dos Santos Alves
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Study Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Phonetic Transcription ◽  
Word Repetition ◽  
Syllable Repetition ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT This study presents an analysis of linguistic aspects at the segmental and suprasegmental levels in individuals with Down syndrome with or without a diagnosis of speech apraxia. Ten individuals of both sexes, aged between 13 and 32 years, participated in the study. Data collection was performed, individually and separately, in a video recorded therapeutic session. Speech tasks consisted of word repetition, repetition of sentences and automatic speech. The speech samples were submitted to phonetic transcription with a description and analysis of phonoarticulatory alterations, typology of disfluencies and prosodic alterations. The data were submitted to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, using the Mann-Whitney test for independent samples and considering p-value≤0.05 as significant. Individuals with speech apraxia (n=6), compared with those without it (n=4), presented a higher occurrence of phonoarticulatory alterations, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups in omission (p=0.018) and articulatory inaccuracy (p=0.030) alterations; a higher occurrence of disfluencies, mainly of the syllable repetition type; and the occurrence of prosodic alterations (83.3%), which was not found in the group without speech apraxia. The importance of the differential diagnosis of speech disorders in Down syndrome is revealed with an evaluation that considers the different linguistic aspects resulting from the differentiation of the characteristics of speech. Clinical intervention should be early and guided by specific parameters.

scholarly journals Innovative Method of Using Endoscope in Postoperative Canal Wall Down Mastoid Cavity

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (211) ◽  
pp. 650-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meera Bista ◽  
Nayan Bahadur Mahato ◽  
Deepak Regmi
Keyword(s):  
Study Data ◽  
Mastoid Cavity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Canal Wall ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Canal Wall Down ◽  
Mastoid Surgery

Introduction: Poor access to the difficult areas in the middle ear and mastoid cavity is considered as the major reason for failure in mastoid surgery. Wide field visibility, visualization of nooks and corners by an endoscope could contribute to better clinical control of the disease in these patients that cannot be accessed by the operating microscope.  Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, done in Kathmandu Medical College from January to June 2017. Thirty two patients were included in the study. Data collection was done by convenient sampling. Statistical analysis was done by Chi square test and Fisher Exact test, P value of <0.005 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study revealed that exposure benefit with an endoscope in canal wall down mastoid surgery was significantly better than with a microscope (P value of 0.034). The level of complete clearance and level of difficulty in cleaning with the help of a microscope compared to endoscope did not show a significant difference with P value of 0.288 and 0.652 obtained by Fisher extract test respectively. After microscopic removal of materials from the mastoid cavity, 22 (68.8%) which is more than half of cases had remaining materials in the cavity which was removed by endoscope completely. Conclusions: Outcome will make the ENT surgeons aware of use of endoscopy in post mastoid follow up cases to give better results and make the surgeon much more successful in his/her endeavor to eradicate the disease.

scholarly journals Age at onset of training in children with hearing and speech disorders and the analysis of related factors in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayse Sanem Sahli
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Early diagnosis and intervention play a vital role in hearing and speech disorders and the effect of intervention varies according to the age at onset of training of children with such disorders. Aim of this study is to investigate the age at onset of training in children admitted to our center with complaints of hearing and speech disorder, and the related factors. Methods In the first phase of the study, data of 473 children admitted to our center between January 2015 and October 2018 with complaints of hearing and speech disorders and no additional disability were retrospectively analyzed. Then, their chronological age, gender, cause of admission, age at onset of training and the effect of factors that may have an impact on the age at onset of training were analyzed statistically. Study data were obtained from patient records. Results Of 473 children (350 males and 123 females) admitted to our training center with the complaints of hearing and speech disorders, 252 (53.3%) were presented with speech sound disorders, 90 (19.0%) with stuttering, 87 (18.4%) with delayed speech, 32 (6.8%) with hearing loss and 12 (2.5%) with other causes. Although there was a statistically significant difference between the age at onset of training and the factors; such as cause of admission, parental education level, employment status of the mother, occupation of the father, and socioeconomic status of the family (p < 0.05), no statistically significant difference was found between the age at onset of training and gender (p > 0.05). Conclusions The study revealed that children with hearing loss have the chance of early diagnosis thanks to neonatal hearing screening programs and that they commence their training until the age of 2, which is considered to be a critical period for language and speech development. However, it is an undeniable fact that we have not yet reached the ideal age for the commencement of training (6th month). Similarly, the age of diagnosis and initiation of training is delayed in children with speech disorders due to families’ delayed referral to the training centers.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study of Antibiotic Self-Medication

Thrita ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Mousavi ◽  
Parisa Shojaei ◽  
Azadeh Nazemi ◽  
Atefe Dadashi
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives: This research has been conducted to study antibiotic self-medication, prevalence, and reasons. Methods: A questionnaire containing 30 comprehensive questions in terms of the experience of antibiotic self-medication was prepared. In this cross-sectional study, data were analyzed using analytical statistics bases on chi-square and logistic regression. Results: The results showed that 61.3% of the participants were self-antibiotic users. There was a significant difference only between gender and self-medication such that self-medication in males was more than females (P value = 0.027). Conclusions: Self-medication of antibiotics is almost high and requires more information about the side effects of these drugs in order to promote rational and physically prescribed use.

scholarly journals Anterior Open Bite and Speech Disorders in Children with Down Syndrome

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén López-Pérez ◽  
S. Aida Borges-Yáñez ◽  
Patricia López-Morales
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Open Bite ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anterior Open Bite ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence and to determine if there is an association between anterior open bite and the presence of speech disorders in a group of Mexican children with Down syndrome (DS). Materials and Methods: The subjects were a group of Mexican children with Down syndrome (DG) and a control group (CG) of Mexican pediatric patients without disabilities matched by age. The children in both groups came from families having children with anterior open bite and children without it. A parental questionnaire, dental study casts, and a speech test were used to measure the studied variables. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test (χ2 test), and one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Tukey post hoc test. Results: Prevalence of anterior open bite was 31.6% in the DG and 22.8% in the CG. The total speech errors by omissions, substitutions, distortions, and additions indicated that there were significant differences between both groups (F = 31.68, P &lt; .001). In general, no significant difference in speech disorders was observed between the DG and the CG regardless of the presence of anterior open bite. Conclusions: No association existed between speech disorders and anterior open bite in the samples studied.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency in HCV Antiviral Treatment Responders versus Non-Responders

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Rana M Arif ◽  
Fahad Aman Khan ◽  
Imran Khan ◽  
Muzammil Aslam Kataria ◽  
Jawed Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Study Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease (CLD). Pakistan has a high burden of infectious diseases, including HCV. Its prevalence varies according to geographic regions in the country from about 2·4% to 6·5%. The objective of the study was to compare the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in responders and non-responders of antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis C.Material and Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Hepatitis Clinic, Jinnah hospital, Lahore from 20th May to 20th November 2013. After ethical approval, participants were selected by using purposive non-probability sampling, 52 responder patients i.e. who were labeled negative for HCV RNA by PCR after 12 weeks of antiviral treatment and 52 non-responder patients were included in this study. Data was collected by using pretested structured questionnaire. Vitamin D3 levels were measured by ELISA and a cut-off value of below 30ng/ml was labeled as Vitamin D deficiency. SPSS version 21 was used to analyze data with p value less than 0.05 taken as statistically significant.Results: Out of 104 patients (mean age 35±8.1 years), 61.5% were males and 38.5 % were females. There was a significant difference in frequency of vitamin D deficiency in treatment responder group when compared to non-responders (p = 0.016). Mean level of vitamin D was 21.8±10.8ng/ml in responders whereas it was 15.6±7.5 in non-responders with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001).Conclusion: This study concludes that there is a significant vitamin D deficiency among treatment non-responders as compared to treatment responders in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

scholarly journals The Influence Of Kegel Exercise On Urine Incontinension Reduction In Elderly

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien Hartini ◽  
Endang Banon Sri Bharaty ◽  
Titi Sulastri
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pelvic Floor Contraction

The elderly is a period of time when various health problems influence their lives, in general, the elderly complaint about various kinds of symptoms that are felt due to the condition of body organs that have a setback. One of the health problems often suffered by the elderly is urinary incontinence. This needs a special attention along with the increasing elderly population in Indonesia. Urinary incontinence is the process of uncontrolled urinary discharge at an undesirable time regardless of frequency and amount, due to weak pelvic floor contraction which will cause social and hygienic problems of the sufferer. Kegel Exercise or Kegel Exercise is a gymnastic activity that aims to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, especially the pubococcygeal muscles so that a woman can strengthen the urinary tract muscles and can cure the inability to hold urine urination/incontinence. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of kegel training on decreasing urinary incontinence in the elderly lived in nursing home. This is a quasi-experiment research with the Pretest-Postest One Group approach. The population of this study were all elderly at Tresna Werdha Budi Mulia Nursing Home Ciracas in East Jakarta who had urinary incontinence. 23 samples were taken in nonrandom. Data were gathered using an observation instrument by conducting active observations and filling out the checklist about 24-hour urination filled directly by the elderly every day during the study. Data analysis used non-parametric statistics with Paired T-test or Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results of the T-dependent test, it was found that P-value was 0,000 (p<0.05) which showed that there was an effect of kegel training on the frequency of urinary incontinence There is a significant difference between urinary incontinence before exercise and urinary incontinence as a Kegel exercise. The results of this study are expected to contribute, both for the elderly who live in nursing homes and for health service institutions and educational institutions as well as for the development of nursing science in providing nursing care for elderly who experience urinary incontinence.

scholarly journals Multivariate Comparison of Cytokine Profiles for Normal- and Low-Bone-Density Subjects

Diagnostics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamaludin Dingle ◽  
Fawaz Azizieh
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Multivariate Distributions ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Cytokine Profiles ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Osteoporosis Risk Factors

Osteoporosis is a serious worldwide public health concern. The role of the immune system in the onset of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women is an area of current research. Here we study data from a panel of 10 cytokines obtained from postmenopausal women, with both normal and low bone mineral density (BMD). Normal- and low-BMD groups are compared and contrasted, and further low-BMD participants are sub-classified into osteopenic and osteoporotic based on BMD levels, and compared to each other. Via the use of multivariate statistical tools, we examine contrasting groups in relation to: (a) the presence of subgroups/clusters; (b) whether groups have statistically different multivariate distributions; (c) how strongly groups differ (if at all), which relates to the practical/clinical significant of any differences; and (d) which cytokines contribute most to any differences between groups. We find that the normal- vs. low-BMD groups are markedly different (p-value = 0.00013), with IL-23, IL-12, TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-6 being the most important differentiating cytokines. No significant difference between the osteopenic and osteoporotic groups is found (p-value = 0.81). These findings may aid the development of cytokine therapies for osteoporosis, and suggest the use of certain cytokine profiles as biomarkers for osteoporosis risk factors, and ways to quantify the progress of treatment therapies.

scholarly journals Trend of Fetal Traffic injuries in Iran from 2009 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Rezazadeh ◽  
Mohsen Askarishahi ◽  
Mahmood Vakili
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Study Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Status ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
High Level

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization, Iran has a high level of deaths due to traffic accidents. Assessing the trend and examining the mortality situation can provide useful information for policy makers to take preventive measures and reduce the casualties caused by these accidents. n this study, the status and trend of mortality due to traffic accidents over a period of ten years has been investigated. Methods:This study is a descriptive study that investigated the trend of deaths from traffic accidents in Iran during 2009-2018. The study data was collected from the sites of the country's forensic medicine organization and the Statistics Center of Iran and all deaths due to accidents were included in the study. After  data  collection  using  spss  version 24 and Microsoft Office Excel 2013  softwares,  the  frequency,  percentage, annual rate and   two independent  samples Test,   were  used  to  analyze data. Results: On average, 24.1 per 100,000 people were killed in traffic accidents during the study period. There was a significant difference between the number of deaths due to road accidents in men compared to women (p-value <0.05). that More than 77 percent of the victims were men, and more than 67 percent of the deaths occurred on the out of urban  roads. Semnan, Markazi and Kerman provinces had the highest mortality rate and Tehran, Alborz and Ardabil provinces had the lowest mortality rate during this ten year period. Discussion: The death rate from traffic accidents has decreased during the study period. But compared to the global average, it still does not have the desired situation, Which requires proper policy and management to implement immediate and effective programs.

scholarly journals Comparison of Accuracy of Gonial Angle of Orthopantomogram and Lateral Cephalogram for Mandibular Measurements among Orthodontic Patients Attending Tertiary Care Dental Hospital in Kathmandu

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Vikash Veer Shrestha ◽  
Ansu Piya ◽  
Anju Khapung ◽  
Prakash Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Study Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Lateral Cephalogram ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: Gonial angle is an important parameter of the craniofacial complex which is generally used to evaluate the vertical parameters and symmetry of the facial skeleton. Gonial angle can be measured in both orthopantomogram (OPG) and lateral cephalograms. Due to the superimpositions seen while measuring the bilateral strucuture on lateral cephalograms, reliable measurement of the gonial angle becomes difficult. This study is done to clarify the possible application of orthopantomogram (OPG) for evaluating angular measurement of the mandible specifically gonial angle by comparing with lateral cephalogram. Materials and Method: All the patients (104) being treated from January 2018 to August 2020 in department of Orthodontics in Nepal Medical College were included in the study. Gonial angle measurements were made on lateral cephalograms and orthopantomograms of 104 patients – 54 males and 50 females with mean age of 22.20 ± 3.25 years. Patients aged 15-35 years were included in the study. Data was processed in SPSS version 16.0. Result: Mean Gonial angle in lateral cephalogram was greater than mean gonial angle in OPG and this difference was found to be statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). The difference in mean gonial angle was found to be statistically significant when compared between right gonial angle in OPG and gonial angle in lateral cephalogram (p-value < 0.05) and also between left gonial angle in OPG and gonial angle in lateral cephalogram (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: When gonial angle values obtained from both sides of OPG were compared, no statistically significant difference was found. Significant differences were found when gonial angle values obtained from OPG right and left sides were compared with that of lateral cephalogram.

scholarly journals The effect of Surgical Technique, Age and Trisomy 21 on early outcome of Surgical Management of Complete Atrioventricular Canal Defect

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherief Azzab ◽  
Ahmed Samy ◽  
Hamdy Singab ◽  
Mohamed EL Ghanam ◽  
Ahmed Tarek
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
P Value ◽  
Atrioventricular Canal ◽  
End Point ◽  
Atrioventricular Canal Defect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patch Technique

Abstract Background The optimal timing, surgical technique and the influence of Down syndrome on outcome of surgical repair of Complete Atrio-Ventricular Canal Defect (CAVC) remains uncertain. We reviewed our experience in repair of CAVC to identify the influence of these factors on operative outcome. Methods A prospective study included 70 patients who underwent repair of CAVC at Ain Shams university hospitals, academy of cardiothoracic surgery during the period from July 2016 to October 2019. Age at surgery (less than 6 months old versus later), surgical technique used [(modified single patch versus double patch technique), (use of posterior annuloplasty for repair of left AV valve or not)] and association of Down syndrome were evaluated for their impact on the outcome of surgical repair using multivariate analysis. Patients were followed up for 6 months; primary end point was mortality and secondary end point was reappearance of LAVV regurgitation. Results No significant difference between patients operated on, at the first 6 months of age versus later, regarding mortality or LAVV regurgitation. Down patients showed significant difference in the occurrence of postoperative compared to non-Down patients (LAVVR grade 2 + = 8.9% vs 24%, P value =0.005) respectively. Surgical repair by Modified single patch technique showed significant reduction in cross clamp time (mean = 47.6 ± 9.227 min vs 73.55 ± 21.087 min, P value 0.00), shorter bypass time (mean = 71.13 ± 13.507 min vs 99.19 ± 27.092 min, P value =0.00) and shorter duration of ICU stay (mean =3.2 ± 1.657 days vs 5.3 ± 2.761 days, P value=0.01) as compared to double patch technique. Posterior annuloplasty used for repair of LAVV compared to closure of cleft only resulted in significant reduction in the occurrence of post-operative valve regurgitation during the early period (LAVVR 2+ 43% vs 7%, P value=0.03) and at 6 months of follow up. (LAVVR 2+ 35.4% vs 0%, P value=0.01) respectively. Conclusion early intervention, in the first 6 months in patients with CAVC by surgical repair gives comparable acceptable results to later repair, Down syndrome was not found to be a risk factor for early intervention. Modified single patch and double patch techniques for repair, can be used both with comparable results even in large VSD component (8mm and larger), finally, repair of common AV valve by cleft closure with posterior LAV annulplasty showed better results with significant decrease in postoperative LAV regurgitation and early mortality in comparison to closure of cleft only.

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