scholarly journals Gallic acid as the major antioxidant in pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) fruit peel

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. ROCHA ◽  
A. M. MELO ◽  
S. L. A. PAULA ◽  
S. A. M. NOBRE ◽  
I. N. ABREU
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Main Compound

ABSTRACTIn this study, ethanol-water extracts of pequi fruit peel were fractionated in order to identify and quantify the major antioxidant present in it. The fractions were subjected to liquid-liquid phase extraction and silica-gel column chromatography, and antioxidant activity was monitored using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging assay. The purity of the fractions was evaluated using thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The substance with antioxidant property was identified through the analysis in a liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy fragmentation and was quantified using HPLC. After the Silica-gel fractionation, it was identified a fraction with high antioxidant activity and purity, which contained gallic acid as the main compound. The gallic acid was found at the amount of 26.54 ± 1.13 mg/g of the dry mass of the pequi fruit peel. Because the quantifications were performed using crude ethanol-water extract, it was suspected that gallic acid was present in a free form. Thus, pequi fruit peel may serve as an attractive alternative of feedstock for natural antioxidant production. Moreover, the results obtained in this study emphasize the value of the pequi plant, and suggests improved opportunities for families that use this fruit`s products.

scholarly journals HPLC Evaluation of Phenolic Profile, Nutritive Content, and Antioxidant Capacity of Extracts Obtained fromPunica granatumFruit Peel

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushil Kumar Middha ◽  
Talambedu Usha ◽  
Veena Pande
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Phenolic Profile ◽  
Antioxidant Power

This study revealed polyphenolic content, nutritive content, antioxidant activity, and phenolic profile of methanol and aqueous extracts ofPunica granatumpeel extract. For this, extracts were screened for possible antioxidant activities by free radical scavenging activity (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The total phenolics and flavonoid recovered by methanolic (MPE) and the water extract (AQPE) were ranged from 185 ± 12.45 to 298.00 ± 24.86 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalents)/gm and 23.05 ± 1.54 to 49.8 ± 2.14 quercetin (QE) mg/g, respectively. The EC50of herbal extracts ranged from 100 µg/ml (0.38 quercetin equivalents), for AQPE, 168 µg/ml (0.80 quercetin equivalents), for MPE. The phenolic profile in the methanolic extracts was investigated by chromatographic (HPLC) method. About 5 different flavonoids, phenolic acids, and their derivatives including quercetin (1), rutin (2), gallic acid (3), ellagic acid (4), and punicalagin as a major ellagitannin (5) have been identified. Among both extracts, methanolic extract was the most effective. This report may be the first to show nutritive content and correlation analysis to suggest that phenols and flavonoids might contribute the high antioxidant activity of this fruit peel and establish it as a valuable natural antioxidant source applicable in the health food industry.

PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY OF POMEGRANATE (PUNICA GRANATUM L.) FRUIT PEEL EXTRACT

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Hai Trieu Ly ◽  
Tuan Anh Vo ◽  
Viet Hong Phong Nguyen ◽  
Thi My Sa Pham ◽  
Bich Thao Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Punica Granatum L

Background: The natural antioxidants have an important role in the prevention of many diseases. The aim of study is to investigate phytochemical components, antioxidant activity and acute oral toxicity of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit peel (PFP) extract. Materials and methods: Phytochemicals of PFP were determined by qualitative chemical tests, thin layer chromatography, total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. The PFP extract was evaluated for antioxidant activity by DPPH assay and MDA assay. In vivo acute oral toxicity test was conducted using Karber-Behrens method to determine LD50. Results: Results illustrated that PFP mainly contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, triterpenes, saponins, and coumarins. PFP extract exhibited the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents with 189.97 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight and 9.42 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry weight, respectively. The DPPH free radical scavenging and anti-lipid peroxidation activities of PFP extract were expressed with IC50 value of 4.80 μg/mL and 0.38 μg/ mL, sequentially. Simultaneously, the Dmax (the maximum dose administered to mice that no toxicity was observed) of PFP extract was determined to be 21.28 g/kg, equivalent to 35.64 g dried herb. Conclusion: The PFP extract is relatively safe and revealed high antioxidant activity. Key words: Punica granatum L.; polyphenols; flavonoids; gallic acid; quercetin; antioxidant activity; acute oral toxicity

Comparison of Bioactive Compounds of Matricaria recutita Extracted by Ultrasound and Maceration and their Effects on Preventing Sunflower Oil During Frying

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Farahmandfar ◽  
Maryam Asnaashari ◽  
Yegane Asadi ◽  
Batool Beyranvand
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Oil Stability Index ◽  
Matricaria Recutita

Background: It is important to study about the use of natural antioxidants as alternatives to synthetic ones due to the possibility of carcinogenic effects of synthetic antioxidants. This study is comparing the effect of the ultrasound-assisted and maceration extraction methods on antioxidant activity of Matricaria recutita. Methods: Bioactive compounds including phenolic, tocopherol, flavonoid and tannins and antioxidant activity of the extracts were evaluated. Moreover, extracts obtained from ultrasound and maceration methods were added to sunflower oil without any antioxidants at level of 200, 500 and 800 ppm, after that samples were heated at 180°C. Oxidation of the samples were evaluated after 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 hours by measuring Peroxide Value (PV), Conjugated Diene (CD), Iodine Value (IV), Carbonyl Value (CV), Total Polar Compounds (TPC), Oil Stability Index (OSI), Color Index (CI) and acid value (AV). Results: The result showed total phenol (42.90 mg gallic acid/g extract), tocopherol (120.46 µg α - tocopherol/ml extract), flavonoid (2.64 mg/100 g extract) and tannins (3.89 mg gallic acid/g extract) of ultrasound extracts were higher than maceration extracts. Antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated by DPPH assay which indicated 800 ppm of the Matricaria recutita extracted by ultrasound was the highest radical scavenging ability. Conclusion: Result indicated both ultrasound and maceration extracts could increase the oil oxidative stability but could not increase compared to BHA. In most cases, the extract samples by ultrasound had a better effect on stabilizing of sunflower oil during frying.

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF RED DRAGON FRUIT PEEL (HYLOCEREUS POLYRHIZUS (F.A.C. WEBER) BRITTON AND ROSE) ISOLATES USING 2,2-DIPHENYL-1-PICRYLHYDRAZYL METHOD

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Wahdaningsih ◽  
Subagus Wahyuono ◽  
Sugeng Riyanto ◽  
Retno Murwanti
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Vacuum Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Hylocereus Polyrhizus

  Objective: Indonesia is a country which has various natural resources including medicinal plants. Among the plants, red dragon fruit is interesting to be studied. In this study, antioxidant activity of red dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus (F.A.C. Weber) Britton and Rose) isolate was tested using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method.Methods: Isolation of active compounds was performed through the application of vacuum liquid chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Antioxidant activity was tested using both TLC and spectrophotometry.Result: Results revealed that the values of IC50 of isolate 1 and 2 were 2.952, 14 μg/mL and 25.635,95 μg/mL, respectively.Conclusion: Isolate of dragon fruit has antioxidant activity. The compound which results in antioxidant activity is terpenoid and steroid.

scholarly journals The radical scavenging activity of 2-2’ diphenyl -1- picrylhydrazil (DPPH) on the methanol extracts and Ethyl acetate fractions of red dragon fruit peel  (Hylocereus polyrhizus (F.A.C.Weber) Britton dan Rose)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Sri Wahdaningsih ◽  
Subagus Wahyuono ◽  
Sugeng Riyanto ◽  
Retno Murwanti
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Dragon Fruit

<p> </p><p>Red dragon fruit (<em>H. Polyrhizus</em>) is one of the the plants that has a great potential as natural antioxidant. This study tested the activity of radical scavenging of 2-2' diphenyl -1- pikril hidrazil (DPPH) in the methanol extract, as well as in the soluble and insoluble fractions of ethyl acetate of red dragon fruit peel. This research is carried out through various stages, such as: extraction and fractionation to obtain both insoluble fraction and soluble fractions of ethyl acetate. Antioxidant activity test is conducted by the method of thin layer chromatography and spectrophotometry.<strong> </strong>Antioxidant activity test, IC<sub>50 </sub>values of methanol extract, ethyl acetate soluble fraction, and insoluble fraction of ethyl acetate had been obtained consecutively as much as 241.19 µg /mL, 8.34  µg/mL, 46.84 µg/mL. The soluble fraction of ethyl acetate had greater antioxidant activity compared to the methanol extract and the insoluble fractions of ethyl acetate.</p>

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity of Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. Leaves Extract Using Two Different Types of Solvents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Nurul Ashiqin Raja Arifin ◽  
Juliana Jumal
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Natural Antioxidant ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Gallic Acid Equivalent

Exposed to the pollution has led to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human skin. ROS generated cause many skin diseases such as skin-aging, inflammation, melanogenesis and skin cancer. ROS is a family of oxygen-based free radicals that contains or capable of producing an unpaired electron. Antioxidant is a molecule that can inhibit the reaction of free radical from ROS by donating its electron. Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. (AVBL) is one of the potent natural antioxidant belongs to the group of Oxalidaceae which can be widely found in Asia including Malaysia. Traditionally, this plant has been used to treat many diseases such as cough, itchiness, pimple, fever and inflammation. As a result, much attention has been directed towards the studies regarding the potential of this plant in treating disease. The present study was undertaken to assess the antioxidant activity of AVBL leaves extract. The AVBL leaves were extracted using sonicator with ethanol and distilled water as two different types of solvent. The total phenolic content (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) of this study were determined by using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminium chloride colometric assay. Antioxidant activity of the plant extract was tested using 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing power (FRAP). From the analyses, water extract of AVBL possessed greater extraction yield (11.231%) as compared to ethanolic extract (5.358 %). However, ethanolic extract of AVBL leaves revealed higher result of TPC (126.4±0.35 mg/g gallic acid equivalent), TFC (32.80±0.37 mg/g quercetin equivalent), DPPH (0.0019±0.0003) and FRAP (41.81±0.45 mg/g gallic acid equivalent). The results of TPC and TFC have strongly positive correlation with antioxidant capacity (r = 1). Thus, it can be concluded that this plant is a potent source of natural antioxidant.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PARIS POLYPHYLLA SM.

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homsingli Mayirnao ◽  
Arbeen Ahmad Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Paris Polyphylla ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity

  Objectives: Paris polyphylla Sm. is a very important anti-cancerous plant species found in the Himalayan region of India. The present study was carried out to determine the phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of its rhizome.Methods: Antioxidant activity of rhizome extract was evaluated through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated through disc diffusion assay against two bacterial and two fungal strains. The bacterial species used in the present study were Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and the fungal strains used were Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei. Results: The standard curve of Gallic acid revealed that the phenolic content of our sample is 43.01±0.17 mg Gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry weight (DW). Similarly, flavonoids were obtained as 28±0.12 mg quercetin equivalent/g DW of the sample. It was observed that the methanolic rhizome extract showed higher antioxidant potential than water extract with the IC50 value of 1.09 mg/ml. Further, the rhizome extract of P. polyphylla species exhibited significant antimicrobial activity and it was observed that at concentration of 5 mg/ml of the sample, the percentage inhibition was 95-97% in E. coli, S. aureus and A. niger whereas in case of T. reesei it was 74%.Conclusion: This study is first of its kind in the Indian subcontinent on this plant species and these findings indicate the tremendous and promising potential of this wonder herb. A lot of work has already been done in China on this species, therefore, further studies are required for the conservation and sustainable use in Indian subcontinent before this species is thrown into extinction as it has already been declared vulnerable.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Chemical Stability and Dermal Delivery of Cordyceps militaris Extracts by Nanoemulsion

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pachabadee Marsup ◽  
Kankanit Yeerong ◽  
Waranya Neimkhum ◽  
Jakkapan Sirithunyalug ◽  
Songyot Anuchapreeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Stability ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Cordyceps Militaris ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Dermal Delivery ◽  
The Stability

This study aimed to develop nanoemulsions for enhancing chemical stability and dermal delivery of Cordyceps militaris extracts. C. militaris was extracted by maceration and infusion. The extracts were investigated for cordycepin, phenolic, and flavonoid content. The antioxidant activity was investigated by in vitro spectrophotometric methods. The irritation profile was investigated by hen’s egg-chorioallantoic membrane test. Nanoemulsions were developed using high-pressure homogenizer. C. militaris extract was incorporated into the nanoemulsion and investigated for safety, release profile, permeation, and skin retention. The results demonstrated that water extract (CW) contained the significantly highest content of cordycepin, phenolics, and flavonoids, which were responsible for antioxidant activity. CW was the most potent antioxidant. CW possessed comparable 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition to l-ascorbic acid (96.9 ± 3.1%) and alpha-tocopherol (87.2 ± 1.0%). Consequently, ten mg/mL of CW was incorporated into nanoemulsions composing of sugar squalene, Tween® 85, and deionized water. Nanoemulsion, which had the smallest internal droplet size (157.1 ± 2.6 nm), enhanced the stability of CW, had no cytotoxicity effect and no skin irritation, released the most CW (0.9 ± 0.0% w/w after 24 h), and delivered the highest CW into the skin layer (33.5 ± 0.7% w/w). Therefore, nanoemulsion was suggested for enhancing the stability and dermal delivery of CW.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the polyphenols profiles and the antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties of various blue honeysuckle varieties

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 637-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuehua Wang ◽  
Xu Xie ◽  
Xulong Ran ◽  
Shurui Chou ◽  
Xinyao Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Scavenging Capacity ◽  
Polyphenol Profile ◽  
Blue Honeysuckle

AbstractThe polyphenol profile, antioxidant activity (particularly peroxyl radical-scavenging capacity (PSC) and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA)) and cytotoxicity of extracts from seven varieties of blue honeysuckle were compared in this study. Moreover, an analysis of correlations between individual polyphenol profiles and antioxidant activities was also conducted. Seventeen components were found in the investigated blue honeysuckle extracts, with anthocyanins being the prominent bioactive components among polyphenols. Fruit peel contained higher concentrations of individual anthocyanins compared to the fruit pulp. Beilei blue honeysuckle had the highest antioxidant activity. Correlation analysis showed that antioxidant activity values were highly associated with cyanidin-3-glucoside levels. Blue honeysuckle extracts were not cytotoxic over the range of doses tested. Among the varieties analyzed, Beilei possessed the highest antioxidant properties and was found to be the most appropriate source of natural antioxidants.

scholarly journals Separation and Enrichment of Antioxidant Peptides from Whey Protein Isolate Hydrolysate by Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction and Aqueous Two-Phase Flotation

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Jiang ◽  
Jiaxin Na ◽  
Lele Wang ◽  
Dongmei Li ◽  
Chunhong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Peptides ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Aqueous Two Phase Extraction

At present, peptides are separated by molecular exclusion chromatography and liquid chromatography. A separation method is needed in any case, which can be scaled up for industrial scale. In this study, aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) and aqueous two-phase flotation (ATPF) were applied to separate and enrich antioxidant peptides from trypsin hydrolysates of whey protein isolates (WPI). The best experimental conditions were investigated, and the results were evaluated using the 2,2′-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) free radical scavenging activity of the peptides-per-unit concentration and the recovery rate (Y) of peptides in the top phase of both ATPE and ATPF. Under optimal conditions, the Y and ABTS free radical scavenging activity per unit concentration in top phase of ATPE could reach 38.75% and 12.94%, respectively, and in ATPF could reach 11.71% and 29.18%, respectively. The purified peptides were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). PeptideCutter and PeptideMass were applied to analyze and calculate the peptide sequencing. KILDKVGINYWLAHK, VGINYWLAHKALCSEK, and TPEVDDEALEKFDKALK sequences having antioxidant activity were detected in the top phase of ATPE, and VGINYWLAHKALCSEK, KILLDKVGINYWLAHK, ILLDKVGINYWLAHK, IIAEKTKIPAVFK, KIIAEKTKIPAVFK, and VYVEELKPTPEGDLEILLQK sequences having antioxidant activity were detected in the top phase of ATPF. In conclusion, antioxidant peptides were successfully separated from the WPI hydrolysate by ATPE and ATPF; compared with ATPE, ATPF has superior specificity in separating antioxidant peptides.

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