scholarly journals Allelopathy of Bidens sulphurea L. aqueous extracts on lettuce development

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 679-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.T.A. CRUZ-SILVA ◽  
E.G.C. NASU ◽  
F.P. PACHECO ◽  
L.H.P. NOBREGA
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Lettuce Seeds ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Grand Rapids ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

ABSTRACT Allelochemical compounds are present in tissues of different plants` parts and also in other organisms, being released into the environment and thus affecting plants development. There is evidence that secondary metabolites produced by weeds may exhibit several allelopathic effects. This study aimed to evaluate allelopathic activity based on the interaction of aqueous extracts preparations and their concentrations obtained from Bidens sulphurea (Cav.) Sch. Bip. leaves on germination and seedlings development of Lactuca sativa L. cv. Grand rapids (lettuce). The extracts were obtained from fresh leaves and prepared by infusion, decoction, leaching and grinding methods, at concentrations of 0, 7.5, 15, 22.5 and 30%, with four replications with 25 lettuce seeds. Seven days after the percentages of abnormal seedlings and germination, shoot and root length (cm) were evaluated, while germination speed index (GSI) was daily determined and calculated. The experiment was completely randomized in a 4x5 factorial design, with four extract preparation methods and 5 concentrations. It was found out that the B. sulphurea aqueous extracts did not affect the germination and abnormal seedling development percentages in lettuce seeds. The aqueous extracts and their concentrations showed allelopathic effect for GSI, shoot and root length variables, despite their methods of preparation. This effect is not only inhibitory, but in some cases it was also stimulatory.

Allelopathic Potency and an Active Substance from Hairy Vetch

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihong Sun ◽  
Guofeng Yang ◽  
Lili Cong ◽  
Juan Sun ◽  
Lichao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Background: Plant allelopathy refers to the release of chemicals from plants or microorganisms into the environment, may have direct or indirect, beneficial or harmful effects on other plants or microorganisms. When plants grow in an unfavorable environment,more allelochemicals will be secreted and the expression of allelopathic effects will increase, giving plants a certain competitive advantage. Hairy vetch is one of the most promising allelopathic crops and the aqueous extract of hairy vetch has an inhibitory effect on the root length and seedling height of grass crops. The current study aimed to study the allelopathic effect of hairy vetch on alfalfa, and exploring an ecological method to remove the root system of alfalfa.Methods: In this experiment, the allelopathic effects of the seeds, stems and leaves, roots extracts and root exudates (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 mg·mL-1) on the seed germination and seedling growth of alfalfa were evaluated. And the main allelopathic substances from the stem and leaf extract were isolated and identified using high performance liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS).Result: The results showed that all of the extracts can inhibit alfalfa seed germination and seedling growth and stem and leaf extract had the strongest inhibitory effect, especially for inhibiting the root growth. A main allelochemical substance, o-coumaric acid, was screened out and the root length of alfalfa was completely inhibited at 1.6 mg·mL-1 of o-coumaric acid. The findings of these experiments show hairy vetch has strong allelopathic effect on alfalfa and o-coumaric acid is a chemical growth inhibitor.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Profile and Evaluation of the Allelopathic Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl (Cyperaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Ana Claudia Martins Da Silva ◽  
José Jailson Lima Bezerra ◽  
Ana Paula Do Nascimento Prata ◽  
Renan Cantalice De Souza ◽  
Cynthiane Lins de Albuquerque Paulino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Germination Bioassays

The allelopathic potential of some plant species has been scientifically proven over the years. The use of such natural compounds with phytotoxic activity is an alternative to synthetic herbicides. Thus, this research aims to analyze the phytochemical profile and the allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl. The allelopathic potential was evaluated by germination bioassays using seeds from two receptor species (Lactuca sativa L. and Emilia fosbergii Nicolson) and seven concentrations of aqueous extracts of F. miliacea aerial and underground parts in triplicate. The variables evaluated were germination (G) and germination speed index (GSI). The data obtained were submitted to F test and the averages to regression analysis. In addition, phytochemical analyses were performed to analyze possible allelochemicals present in aqueous extracts of F. miliacea through phytochemical screening and by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The aqueous extracts of aerial and underground parts of F. miliacea inhibit the germination of E. fosbergii seeds at all concentrations analyzed (0.94, 1.87, 3.75, 7.5, 15 and 30%). However, the same extracts do not show any effects when evaluated in L. sativa seeds. The aqueous extract of F. miliacea shows important chemical constituents (gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, luteolin, apigenin, acacetin, and alkaloids) that can be directly related to the allelopathic effects observed in E. fosbergii seeds.

scholarly journals Allelopathic bioactivity of fresh and infused aqueous extracts of Brazilian cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) on lettuce and maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 40972
Author(s):  
Nayara Parisoto Boiago ◽  
Andréa Maria Teixeira Fortes ◽  
Daiane Maria Pilatti ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Siberti da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Time Index ◽  
Germination Speed

 This study aimed to analyse the allelopathic bioactivity of fresh and infused aqueous extracts of Brazilian cherry leaves on the germination of lettuce and the initial development of maize. Brazilian cherry leaves were used to prepare a fresh aqueous extract (200 g L-1) and an infused extract (100 g L-1), which were diluted to concentrations of 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 or 2.0% w/v. The variables evaluated in lettuce were the germination rate (GR), germination time index (GTI), germination speed index (GSI) and root length (RL). To determine the effect on the initial development of maize, we measured the shoot (SL) and root (RL) length. The experimental design included a factorial 2 × 5 design (two extracts and five concentrations), in addition to a control treatment (no extract). In general, the allelopathic bioactivity differed between the fresh and infused extracts. The fresh extract was more phytotoxic for the GR and RL of lettuce. Some beneficial results were observed for the infused extract, including an increase in the RL of lettuce and SL of maize. These effects were dependent on the extract concentration. Thus, there is evidence that Brazilian cherry extracts have allelopathic bioactivity. 

Inhibitory Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Tree-legumes on Germination and Seedling Growth of Food Legume, Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anbarasu Mariyappillai ◽  
Swaminathan Chitraputhira Pillai
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Delonix Regia ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Vigour Index

Background: Green gram (Vigna radiata), the third most important pulse crop, is grown in tank-fed, command areas after the harvest of paddy. In such areas, legume trees like Delonix regia and Peltophorum pterocarpum are commonly found and tree parts often fell in watercourses and were flown to crop fields along with irrigation water. Hence, it is necessary to study whether any allelopathic effect is present in these parts of trees which may affect the growth and development of green gram grown in farmland crops. Methods: Collected different tree parts viz., bark, leaf and fresh flower, a matured pod of Delonix regia and Peltophorum pterocarpum, cleaned and soaked distilled water at weight/volume ratio of 1:10 for 24 hrs. Aqueous extracts were filtered and tested for inhibition of green gram. Pot culture experiments were conducted with 10 treatments and four replications. Germination (%), shoot length (cm), root length (cm), fresh weight (mg), dry weight (mg), seedling vigour index-I and vigour index-II in green gram were recorded and the magnitude of inhibition versus simulation in bioassay was compared through response index.Result: Among the plant parts, Delonix regia flower and Peltophorum pterocarpum matured pods suppressed germination (45.00 and 60.00%), shoot length (13.87 and 13.39 cm), root length (4.27 and 10.49 cm), seedling vigour index-I (624.15 and 803.40) and seedling vigour index-II (960.75 and 948.00) respectively in green gram. This might due to presence of inhibitory chemicals in flowers of Delonix regia and matured pods of Peltophorum pterocarpum compared to other plant parts of trees.

scholarly journals Fitoquímica e Alelopatia da Aroeira -Vermelha (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) na Germinação de Sementes

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 02-08
Author(s):  
Gislayne de Araujo Bitencourt ◽  
Cibele Caren Moraes Gonçalves ◽  
Artur Guerra Rosa ◽  
Deizeluci De Fátima Pereira Zanella ◽  
Rosemary Matias
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Schinus Terebinthifolius ◽  
Lettuce Seeds ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Germination And Growth

Os compostos alelopáticos podem afetar o crescimento e inibir a germinação das espécies. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a fitoquímica e o efeito alelopático do extrato das folhas de Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi na germinação e crescimento de plântulas de Lactuca sativa L. e, posteriormente, aplicar a metodologia em eucalipto vermelho (Eucalyptus camaldulensis). Os compostos químicos foram determinados em extrato alcoólico das folhas, comparados e contrastados observando a alteração de cor. As sementes de alface e eucalipto vermelho foram distribuídas em gerbox contendo papel filtro como substrato, umedecido com 7 mL do extrato aquoso das folhas frescas, nas seguintes concen trações: (0; 12,5; 25; 50; 75 e 100%). Para todas as análises e experimentos foram utilizados três repetições. Os gerbox foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, mantidos em câmara de germinação com temperatura de 20 °C para alface e 28°C para eucalipto e fotoperíodo de 12 horas. Durante o segundo e quinto dia foram realizadas contagens das sementes germinadas de alface. O período de avaliação do experimento foi de cinco dias para alface e 12 dias para eucalipto. Ao final, foram determinadas as porcentagens de germinação, comprimento da raiz e de parte aérea das plântulas. Os resultados demonstraram interferência negativa na germinação e crescimento de alface e eucalipto em função do aumento da concentração do extrato. Entre os aleloquímicos predominantes estão os compostos fenólicos e derivados, com destaque aos flavonoides, terpenos e heterosídeos cardioativos o que pode estar relacionados ao efeito alelopático negativo da aroeira. O uso da aroeira associado ao eucalipto deve ser feito com um manejo adequado.   Palavras-chave: Alface. Aleloquímicos. Anacardiaceae. Eucalipto. Efeito Alelopático.   Abstract Allelopathic compounds can affect growth and inhibit species germination. The objective of this work was to analyze the phytochemistry and the allelopathic effect of  extract of  Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi leaves on the  Lactuca sativa L. seedlings germination and growth and later apply the methodology in red eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis). The chemical compounds were determined in the leaves alcoholic extract, compared and contrasted observing the color change. The lettuce and red eucalyptus seeds were distributed in a gearbox containing filter paper as a substrate, moistened with 7 mL of the fresh leaves aqueous extract in the following concentrations: (0; 12.5; 25; 50; 75 and 100%). For all analyzes and experiments, three repetitions were used. The gearbox was distributed in a completely randomized design, maintained in a germination chamber with a temperature of 20 °C for lettuce and 28 °C for eucalyptus and a photoperiod of 12 hours. Germinated lettuce seeds were counted during the second and fifth days. The experiment evaluation period was five days for lettuce and 12 days for eucalyptus. At the end, the germination percentages, root length and the seedlings aerial part were determined. The results showed negative interference in the germination and growth of lettuce and eucalyptus due to the extract increased concentration. The most frequent allelochemicals were flavonoids, terpenes, tannins, anthocyanins and heterosides, which are probably related to the negative allelopathic effect. The use of  aroeira associated with eucalyptus must be done with proper management.   Keywords: Lettuce, Allelochemicals Anacardiaceae. Eucalyptus. Allelopathic Effect.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Profile and Evaluation of the Allopathic Effect of Three Species of the Genus Cyperus (Cyperaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 569
Author(s):  
Ana Claudia Martins Da Silva ◽  
José Jailson Lima Bezerra ◽  
Ana Paula Do Nascimento Prata ◽  
Renan Cantalice De Souza ◽  
Cynthiane Lins de Albuquerque Paulino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Germination Bioassays

The genus Cyperus is widely distributed worldwide and occurs in various regions of Brazil. Research has reported the allelopathic potential of species belonging to this genus. From this perspective, the present study analyzes the phytochemical profile and allelopathic effect of seven concentrations of the aqueous extracts of Cyperus distans L., Cyperus laxus Lam., and Cyperus rotundus L. The allelopathic potential was evaluated in triplicate from germination bioassays on seeds of two species, Lactuca sativa L. and Emilia fosbergii Nicolson. In addition, phytochemical analyses were performed to analyze possible allelochemicals present in aqueous extracts of three species by phytochemical screening and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The evaluated variables were: germination (G) and germination speed index (GSI). The data obtained were submitted to the F test, and regression analysis was performed to compare means. The results showed higher susceptibility of E. fosbergii to aqueous extracts of C. distans, C. laxus, and C. rotundus at all concentrations analyzed (0.94, 1.87, 3.75, 7.5, 15, and 30%). In turn, the germination rate of L. sativa seeds decreased only at the highest concentrations (between 15 and 30%) of the same extracts. This allelopathic potential may be directly associated with the biosynthetization of phenolic compounds by Cyperus spp., analyzed in this study by phytochemical prospecting and HPLC.

Efeito Alelopático de Extratos Aquosos de Persea americana Mill. Sobre a Germinação e Desenvolvimento Inicial de Lactuca sativa L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Uéliton Alves De Oliveira ◽  
Alex Souza Rodrigues ◽  
Elisa Dos Santos Cardoso ◽  
Ana Aparecida Bandini Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Randomized Design

O abacateiro é uma planta frutífera, de porte arbóreo, cultivada em diversas regiões do Brasil, sendo utilizado tanto como alimento quanto fitoterápico. Estudos recentes indicam que compostos químicos, considerados fitoterápicos, podem afetar a germinação de sementes e o desenvolvimento de plântulas. Neste contexto, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o efeito alelopático de extratos aquosos das folhas de Persea americana Mill (abacateiro) sobre a germinação e desenvolvimento inicial de alface (Lactuca sativa L.). O experimento foi realizado em câmara de germinação, utilizando extratos aquosos obtidos por meio de decocção e infusão, nas concentrações 4,0, 12,0 e 20,0 mg mL-1, e água destilada (controle), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com 4 repetições de 50 sementes cada. Para avaliar o potencial alelopático foram realizados os testes de Porcentagem de Germinação (PG), Primeira Contagem (PC), Índice de Velocidade de Germinação (IVG) e Tempo Médio de Germinação (TMG) das sementes, além do Comprimento da Parte Aérea (CPA) e Comprimento do Sistema Radicular (CSR) das plântulas da alface. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os extratos interferiram, significativamente, no CPA e apresentaram interação significativa para as variáveis PC, PG e CPA, sendo que o decocto, quando comparado ao infuso, ambos na concentração 4 mg mL-1 estimulou o crescimento, diferindo estatisticamente do infuso e do controle negativo. Os resultados indicam que ambos os extratos podem ser utilizados como insumo biológico, sendo o infuso como bioherbicida e o decocto como biofertilizante. Palavras-chave: Abacateiro. Alelopatia. Metabólitos Secundários. AbstractAvocado is a fruitful, large-sized plant, grown in several regions of Brazil, used both as food and phytotherapy. Recent studies indicate that chemical compounds considered phytotherapic can affect seed germination and seedling development. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of leaves of Persea americana Mill (avocado) on germination and initial development of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The experiment was carried out in a germination chamber, using aqueous extracts obtained by means of decoction and infusion, at concentrations 4.0, 12.0 and 20.0 mg mL-1, and distilled water (control), in a completely randomized design (DIC), with 4 replicates of 50 seeds each. In order to evaluate the allelopathic potential, the Germination Percentage (PG), First Count (PC), Germination Speed Index (IVG) and Mean Germination Time (TMG) tests were performed in addition to the Aerial Part Length (CPA) and Root Length (CSR) of lettuce seedlings. The data were subjected to analysis of variance by the F test and the averages were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The extracts interfered significantly in the CPA and presented significant interaction for the variables PC, PG and CPA, and the decoction, when compared to the infusion, in the concentration 4 mg mL-1, stimulated the growth, differing statistically from the infusion and control negative. The results indicate that both extracts can be used as biological inputs, being the infusion as bioherbicide and decoction as biofertilizer. Keywords: Avocado. Allelopathy. Secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF Tephrosia cinerea L. (Pers.) PLANT EXTRACTS IN LETTUCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Ana Yasha Ferreira De La Salles ◽  
Jacob Silva Souto ◽  
César Henrique Alves Borges ◽  
Lyanne Dos Santos Alencar ◽  
Francisco Tibério De Alencar Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Part ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Germinated Seeds ◽  
Made In

Allelopathy has been conceptualized as the direct or indirect effect of a plant onto another one through secondary metabolites, or allelochemicals spread in the environment, with the power to interfere in seed germination and increase or inhibit the development of neighboring plants. The objective of this study was to analyze the possible allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of Tephrosia cinerea in the germination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds. The experiment has been carried out at the Laboratório de Nutrição Mineral de Plantas (Laboratory of Plant Mineral Nutrition)/UAEF/UFCG in Patos (state of Paraíba). We collected T. cinerea organisms, having separated the stem, leaves, roots fractions and the aerial part of the plant + roots, having prepared the extract at 20%. The experimental delineation that we adopted was entirely casualized, with five treatments and four repetitions (without extract, leaf extract, root extract, stem extract, aerial part extract + roots). The seeding was held in aluminum trays, with autoclaved sand as the substrate, setting 25 seed per tray. The calculation of the number of germinated seeds was made in a dailybasis, and, after a week of seeding, the next step was the deactivation, with the evaluations being performed regarding the length of the radicle and of the hypocotyl, as well as the height of the seedlings. The data collected in this research allows us to conclude that: the extracts obtained from T. cinerea plants has a negative impact on the germination of lettuce seedlings. Now, when it comes to the height of lettuce seedlings, it is affected by the use of leaf, stem and aerial part extracts + T. cinerea roots. It is crucial to make efforts in order to determine the existing constituents in the several parts of T. cinerea plants.

scholarly journals Germination and vigor of lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa L.) pelleted with homeopathic preparations Alumina and Calcarea carbonica subjected to toxic levels of aluminum.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (33) ◽  
pp. 138-146
Author(s):  
Filipe Pereira Giardini Bonfim ◽  
Rosana Gonçalves Rodrigues das Dores ◽  
Ernane Ronie Martins ◽  
Vicente Wagner Dias Casali
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Lettuce Seeds ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Germination Speed

Background: aluminum toxicity is the most important factor limiting the growth of plants in acid soils, whereas current treatments are unfeasible. For this reason, alternatives are sought for, among which homeopathic treatment. Aims: this study aimed at evaluating the influence of homeopathic preparations Alumina 6cH, Alumina 12cH, Calcarea carbonica 6cH and Calcarea carbonica 12cH on the germination and vigor of lettuce seeds subjected to toxic levels of aluminum in paper-solution. At the same time, it was sought to develop a new procedure to apply homeopathic preparations in plants (pelleting). Methods: the statistical design was entirely randomized (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 repetitions. Treatments included: 1) pelleted seeds/talc + Alum 6 cH; 2) pelleted seeds/talc + Alum 12cH; 3) pelleted seed/talc + Calc 6cH; 4) pelleted seeds/talc + Calc 12cH; 5) pelleted seeds/talc + distilled water; 6) non pelleted seeds (control). Variables evaluated were: germination percentage (GP), germination speed index (GSI) and radicle length (RL). Results: there was significant difference in GSI and RL – variables that reflect the vigor of seeds - between the samples treated with homeopathic preparations and the controls Conclusions: homeopathic preparations Alumina 6cH and 12cH and Calcarea carbonica 6cH and 12cH had significant effect on the vigor of lettuce seeds subjected to stress conditions.

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