scholarly journals THE ELECTORAL CONNECTION IN AN OPEN-LIST PR SYSTEM: INFORMAL CONSTITUENCIES, BUDGET AMENDMENTS AND PUBLIC POLICIES IN RIO DE JANEIRO

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (98) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Moraes da Costa Marques
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Multiple Regressions ◽  
Electoral Connection ◽  
Decisive Influence ◽  
Constituent Group ◽  
Subnational Elections ◽  
Informal Groups

This article aims to highlight the effects of the electoral connection on the behavior of Brazilian legislators, examining specifically the Rio de Janeiro chamber of councillors. The analysis covers the fourteen-year period from 1997 and 2010. The decisive influence of the electoral connection on the councillors’ process of decision making in relation to the financing of public policies is presented through a set of multiple regressions. The results show contrasts between the mutually excluding perspectives of comparatists and specialists in Brazil. A more diversified description of the electoral connexion in OLPR system emerge. The discoveries show that the transformation of the constituent group from several formal members into many informal groups accommodates geographical and non-geographical representations. Although focused on Brazil, this article approaches a gap in the literature about OLPR systems, which are adopted in other aspects of national elections, in places such as Peru and Colombia, and in subnational elections, as in many states from Germany.

Revising Swiss Policies

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Frey ◽  
Thomas Widmer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Evidence Based Policy ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Do So

Evidence-based policy-making and other recent reforms in public steering emphasize the role systematic evidence can play in improving decision making and public policies. Increasing deficits heighten the pressure on public authorities to legitimate public spending and to find savings. Existing studies show that the influence of research-based information on decision making is shaped by several factors, but they typically do not distinguish between different types of information. Our contribution aims to compare the influence of efficiency analysis to information about performance effectiveness. We do so by looking at 10 cases in which public policies are being revised at the federal level in Switzerland, and do so by tracing the entire policy reform process. This qualitative analysis sheds light on which actors use efficiency information, how and under which conditions, and highlights the contribution of efficiency analysis for evidence-based policy-making.

scholarly journals What Is Urban after All? A Critical Review of Measuring and Mapping Urban Typologies in Portugal

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 630
Author(s):  
Cristina Henriques ◽  
Alexandre Domingues ◽  
Margarida Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Territorial Cohesion ◽  
Methodological Approaches

The concept of urban area is complex and has been discussed for many years by several authors and organisations through different perspectives and methodological approaches. For administrative and comparison purposes statistical institutions, both at the national and international levels, classify territories according to a certain degree of urbanisation defining typologies from which indicators and certain public policies are applied. The purpose of this study is to discuss the relevance and suitability of different urban typologies. Through mapping and measuring the data of official documents, the urban dimension of Mainland Portuguese territory is discussed and its usefulness concerning the allocation of resources for promoting territorial cohesion is stressed. Results show the inadequacy of these classifications to inform planning actions, decision making, and to promote territorial policies. It also provides evidence of inaccuracies that distort the reading of the territorial reality of the case study.

Kontinuitäten und Diskontinuitäten in Entscheidungsprozessen über föderale Finanzbeziehungen oder: Die ewig Unvollendete

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Renzsch
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations ◽  
Fiscal Reform

AbstractThe system of intergovernmental fiscal relations in the Federal Republic of Germany has been always extremely difficult to regulate. The Parliamentary Council of 1948/49 left this task unfinished, and the first fiscal reform of 1955 was only partly successful. The 1969 reform seemed to be more successful, but it became clear quite soon that intensified interlocking politics created new problems for the decision-making process. Also, it created incentives to finance public policies by debts. The financing of German unity was based on the 1969 regulations. In recent years the overburdening of the existing rules became obvious. Growing problems caused a shift of paradigm in the direction of less interlocking politics and financing.

The European Union in Nice: A Minimalist Approach to a Historic Challenge

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karlheinz Neunreither
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Interests ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Minimalist Approach ◽  
National Leaders ◽  
The Eu

In Early December 2000 The Political Leaders Of The European Union (EU) met in Nice in order to decide on the treaty adaptations needed before the enlargement envisaged for the next decade. The overall goal was to render the EU more efficient and its decision making more transparent. The outcome of this important event was widely considered as disappointing. Some observers even came to the conclusion that there were no leaders of the EU as such, but only rather narrow-minded, egotistical national leaders who did not – with minor exceptions – care about the ‘common good’ at all. Never had it become so evident, in the opinion of some, that the European perspective had been fading away for many years, and that it was being replaced by national considerations which are often short-sighted and limited to the horizon of the next national elections. One of the classical theories on European integration, neo-functionalism, measures the progress of integration in terms of the Europeanization of its political elites. From this perspective, the top decision-makers seem to be on a downward trend. Is it then a case for the opposite theory, that of intergovernmentalism, which claims that national interests continue to be in the centre of EU decision-making and that tough bargaining is of its very nature?

scholarly journals Systematically introducing the ‘health factor’ in decision-making is possible: The success case of Andalusia

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Rodríguez Rasero ◽  
L A Moya Ruano ◽  
E Madrid Verdugo ◽  
J Vela Ríos
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Public Consultation ◽  
Environment And Health

Abstract Health Impact Assessment (HIA) as a stand-alone report integrated in environmental assessments has been compulsory for the last 5 years in Andalusia. In this time, it has been proven as a successful tool for implementing the Health in All Policies strategy, delivering consistently better outcomes for the examined projects. We will describe the tools and methods used to achieve these results through the presentation of three examples. In so doing, it will be shown how HIA allows us to consider issues often neglected in decision-making processes and how it provides with an added value over other assessments already being carried out. The first example deals with a food industry. HIA focused on the depiction of affected population, singling out vulnerable traits using geographic information systems and open social and demographic data. Combined with a study of air dispersion of pollutants, it enabled us to find inequities in the distribution of impacts, propitiating thus the inclusion of additional measures of emissions abatement. HIA also helps raising awareness in other sectors. The second case shows a big change of attitude experienced in the urban planning department of a big city. After some initial reserves, the municipality based the decision about the relocation of a social centre on the assessment of expected positive impacts on social determinants of health. Bringing together these outcomes and the results of public consultation, a new optimal location was chosen. Finally, HIA also allows for greater transparency and accountability in public policies. The report for the Andalusian Air Quality Strategy not only provided health outcomes (morbidity and mortality) but also turned them into monetary values, as experience has shown that policy-makers find it difficult to understand standard health measures. This approach makes possible to contribute to cost-benefit analysis and keeps in line with EC guidelines on Public Policies Assessment. Panelists: Bart Bautmans Environment and Health Department, Flemish Agency for Care and Health, Flanders, Belgium Contact: [email protected] Ana M Carriazo Health Department, Regional Ministry of Health of Andalusia, Seville, Spain Contact: [email protected] Odile Mekel NRW Centre for Health, North Rhine-Westphalia, Bochum, Germany Contact: [email protected]

scholarly journals Sustainability Indicators: Relevance, Public Policy Support and Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Andre C. S. Batalhao ◽  
Denilson Teixeira ◽  
Maria de Fatima Martins ◽  
Hans Michael van Bellen ◽  
Adriana Cristina Ferreira Caldana
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Sustainability Indicators ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Sustainability is a topic that has gained importance in several fields of knowledge, including the public, private and society spheres, based on the discussions that involve the definition of several public policies. Sustainability Indicators (SI) are metrics that seek to measure the level of sustainability and compile information for better decision-making concerning policies, programs, projects and actions related to sustainability. Demonstrated their relevance to public policies the SI appears as an essential tool for evaluating development goals as a sustainable proposal. In this way, this research aimed to discuss the main challenges and methodological limitations found in the use of SI, emphasizing the main fragilities identified in the literature. In methodological terms, the research has exploratory characteristics, supported by the mixed methods approach using a theoretical-empirical analysis, from the available literature on the subject and the methodologies used and the experience of researchers about the topic addressed. The main results demonstrated that Sustainability Indicators are tools that should be used to define, implement, evaluate and monitor public policies at all levels, considering the potentialities/weaknesses and priorities of each context.

scholarly journals Public agents of front line: the creator of administrative law

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Bonacorsi de Palma
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Front Line ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Action ◽  
Street Level ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Street Level Bureaucrats

<span>Abstract: The role of the front-line public agents in the implementation of the public policies created by the first-tier is the subject addressed by the author. From the notion of street-level bureaucrats, it seeks to identify the difficulties encountered by such public agents in decision-making and the need for standards that provide for institutes and administrative dynamics that in fact lead to more efficient, impersonal and guaranteeing public action to protect the well-intentioned front-line public agent to fully exercise the discretion he needs in case-by-case action.</span>

Multi-Level Electoral Politics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sona N. Golder ◽  
Ignacio Lago ◽  
André Blais ◽  
Elisabeth Gidengil ◽  
Thomas Gschwend
Keyword(s):  
Level Structure ◽  
National Level ◽  
Electoral Politics ◽  
Second Order ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Party Elites ◽  
Subnational Elections ◽  
The Media ◽  
Multi Level

National-level elections receive more attention from scholars and the media than elections at other levels, even though in many European countries the importance of both regional and European levels of government has grown in recent years. The growing importance of multiple electoral arenas suggests that scholars should be cautious about examining single levels in isolation. Taking the multi-level structure of electoral politics seriously requires a re-examination of how the incentives created by electoral institutions affect the behaviour of voters and party elites. The standard approach to analysing multi-level elections is the second-order election model, in which national elections are considered to be first-order elections while other elections are second order. However, this model does not provide micro mechanisms that determine how elections in one arena affect those in another, or explain variations in individual voting behaviour. The objective of this book is to explain how party and voter behaviour in a given election is affected by the existence of multiple electoral arenas. This book uses original qualitative and quantitative data to examine European, national, and subnational elections in France, Germany, and Spain from 2011 to 2015. Party mobilization efforts across multiple electoral arenas are examined, as well as decisions by individual voters with respect to turnout, strategic voting, and accountability. This book provides the first systematic analysis of multi-level electoral politics at three different levels across multiple countries.

Indicator of access to medicines in relation to the multiple dimensions of access

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1027-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina M Garcia ◽  
Mariana M Barbosa ◽  
Rondineli M Silva ◽  
Edna A Reis ◽  
Juliana Alvares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Pharmaceutical Services ◽  
Single Indicator ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Aim: Creation of a single indicator of access to medicines. Methods: Data collection was performed with individuals who obtained their medication from either public and/or private pharmacies. A Likert scale was used to measure the importance and satisfaction in relation to various access dimensions. Results: A total of 580 individuals were interviewed. Overall, participants attributed very similar importance scores to the dimensions of access to medicines. The results of the mean score of each dimension showed a statistically significant difference according to the type of pharmacy that the participant visited. Conclusion: This developed indicator will enable a review of access to medicines, making comparisons possible as well as improving decision making about public policies in the field of Pharmaceutical Services.

Políticas públicas basadas en evidencia: aperturas y clausuras para el trabajo social chileno

2014 ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Antonia Díaz-Valdés Iriarte
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Critical Theory ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Trabajo Social ◽  
Opening And Closing

Los referentes normativos en Trabajo Social están inseparablemente ligados al dar cuenta de los resultados de las intervenciones y garantías de no aumento del daño. En el contexto chileno se observa un déficit en este sentido, pues existe una sobrevaloración de la evidencia empírica de carácter prevalentemente tecno-económica, a lo que se suma el déficit técnico de los profesionales que deben llevar a cabo la evaluación, y finalmente, la disminución de ésta. A partir de lo anterior, se hace una propuesta, de revisión teórica-critica, que pretende ponderar críticamente el Enfoque Basado en Evidencia (EBE) –de amplio uso disciplinar en la tradición anglosajona- y el cual se despliega en cinco pasos: (1) Convertir las necesidades de información en preguntas y respuestas, (2) Rastrear, con la máxima eficiencia, la mejor evidencia para responder a estas preguntas, (3) Evaluar críticamente la validez y utilidad de la evidencia, (4) Aplicar los resultados obtenidos a la toma de decisiones en la práctica, y (5) Evaluar el resultado. Políticas públicas baseadas em evidência: aperturas e clausuras para o trabalho social chilenoRESUMEMOs referentes normativos em Trabalho Social estão inseparavelmente ligados ao apresentar os resultados das intervenções e garantias de não aumento do dano. No contexto chileno se observa um déficit neste sentido, pois existe uma sobre- valoração da evidência empírica de caráter prevalentemente tecno-econômica, ao que se suma o déficit técnico dos profissionais que devem levar a cabo a avaliação, e finalmente, a diminuição de esta. A partir do anterior, se faz uma proposta, de verificação teórica critica que pretende ponderar criticamente o Enfoque Baseado em Evidência (EBE) –de amplio uso disciplinar na tradição anglosajona– e o qual se desprende em cinco passos: (1) Converter as necessidades de informação em perguntas e respostas, (2) Rastrear, com a máxima eficiência, a melhor evidência para responder a estas perguntas, (3) Avaliarcriticamente a validez e utilidade da evidência, (4) Aplicar os resultadosobtidos a toma de decisões na prática, e (5) Avaliar o resultado. Evidence-based public policies: opening and closing opportunities for social work in  ChileABSTRACTNormative references in social work are targeted at accounting for theoutcomes of interventions and for guarantying that damage does notincrease. In the Chilean context techno-economic empirical evidence isover-valued and there is technical deficiency of professionals in charge ofevaluation processes as well as an evaluation diminishing. From this, thestudy proposes to review critical theory on the evidence-based approach widely used in the Anglo-Saxon disciplinary tradition. This approachinvolves five steps: 1) convert needs for information into questions andanswers, 2) efficiently track the best evidence to answer those questions, 3)critically evaluate the validity and usefulness of the evidence, 4) applicationof outcomes in decision-making, and 5) evaluation of outcomes.

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