scholarly journals Biosolids conditioning and the availability of Cu and Zn for rice

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Marlene Moreno Pires ◽  
Maria Emília Mattiazzo
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Zn Availability ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Metal Phytoavailability

Sewage treatment process is a factor to be considered for biosolid use in agriculture. The greatest sewage treatment facility of São Paulo State (Barueri/SP) altered in the year 2000 of its sludge treatment. The addition of ferric chloride and calcium oxide was substituted by the addition of polymers. This change can modify heavy metal phytoavailability. A green house experiment, using 2 soils treated with biosolids (three with and one without polymers with and without polymers) was performed to evaluate Cu and Zn phytoavailability using rice (Oryza sativa L.) as test plant. Three kilograms of two soils (Haphorthox abd Hapludox) were placed in pots and the equivalent to 50 Mg ha-1 (dry basis) of biosolid was added and incorporated. The statistical design adopted was completely randomized experiment, with five treatments (control plus four different biossolids) each soil and four replications. Soil pH before and after harvesting, Cu and Zn concentrations in shoot were evaluated. Tukey (5%) was used to compare the results. DTPA, HCl 0.1 mol L-1 and Mehlich 3 were used to estimate soil available Cu and Zn. Amounts extracted were correlated to those presented in rice shoot, to evaluate the efficiency of predicting Cu and Zn phytoavailabilities. Biosolids with polymers presented higher Cu and Zn phytoavailabilities, possibly due to the lower pH of these residues. In this case soil presented lowest values of pH and plant shoot had highest. All extractants were representative of Cu and Zn availability to rice plants.

Waste Water Treatment Process and its Effect Analysis of Shagou Mine in Luoning County, Henan Province

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 2609-2613
Author(s):  
Li Yang Li ◽  
Chen Feng ◽  
Dao Fang Liu ◽  
Yuan Cao
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Before And After

Based on the systematically describing of the producing and living waste water treatment process in Faende Mining Co.,Ltd.,in Shagou, Luoning, Henan Province, the production and living waste water treatment effect was analyzed deeply. The comparing results of before and after treatment showed that the design of the treatment process in the mine was reasonable, the sewage treatment worked well, and the effluent concentration of has reached the first class of "integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard" (GB8978-1996), among which the concentration of the two indexes, Lead and Zinc, has achieved the specific standard which is more strict than the first class of "integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard" (GB8978-1996).

Assessment of Color Stability of Treated Leathers with Silicone Oil and Polyethylene Glycol

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Alireza K. ◽  
Hossein Ahmadi ◽  
Mohsen Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Antioxidant Additive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Aesthetic Values

Lubricants and leather dressings are the most common treatments of dry and water logged historical leathers. Color change has a great importance during the time and treatment process, due to visual and aesthetic values of historic leather relics. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and silicone oil (SiO) are frequently used leather dressings in the conservation procedures. Therefore, color stability of treated leathers with PEG and SiO were investigated before and after heat accelerated aging. Moreover, application of ascorbic acid was evaluated as an antioxidant additive for PEG (PEG+AA).Color change after treatment and aging were studied by colorimetry technique in the CIE *L*a*b system. Results indicated to severe color alteration in PEG treated and aged leathers with or without ascorbic acid. Whereas, SiO treated samples showed better stability and minimum color shift after aging. Silicone oil was characterized as the best dressing for historical leathers with compared to PEG and PEG+AA, due to its high stability and aesthetical properties.

scholarly journals Mercury speciation transformation in sewage of the sewage treatment process

2021 ◽  
Vol 770 (1) ◽  
pp. 012069
Author(s):  
Yunpeng Li ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Ruhai Liu ◽  
Long Shao ◽  
Xiaoyu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Mercury Speciation

scholarly journals Is Brief Exposure to Green Space in School the Best Option to Improve Attention in Children?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7484
Author(s):  
Asier Anabitarte ◽  
Gonzalo García-Baquero ◽  
Ainara Andiarena ◽  
Nerea Lertxundi ◽  
Nerea Urbieta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
School Children ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Attention Network Test ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
Before And After

The positive effects of Green Spaces on health are thought to be achieved through the mechanisms of mitigation, instoration and restoration. One of the benefits of Green Spaces may be the restoration of attention and so the objective of this research is testing empirically whether exposure to a green environment improves attention in school children. For so doing, we first used a split-unit statistical design in each of four schools, then combined the primary results via meta-analysis. The Attention Network Test (ANT) was used to measure attention before and after exposure and a total of 167 seven-year-old students participated in the experiments. Overall, our experimental results do not support the hypothesis that students’ exposure to activities in green vs. grey spaces affected their performance in ANT. This was so despite the fact that neither age nor gender biases have been detected and despite that our experiments have been proved to be sufficiently statistically powerful. It would be advisable to consider air pollution and noise. We also recommend that participants attend the experiment with mental exhaustion to maximize the ability to detect significant changes.

scholarly journals Bioherbicidal Properties of Parthenium hysterophorus, Cleome rutidosperma and Borreria alata Extracts on Selected Crop and Weed Species

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Mst. Motmainna ◽  
Abdul Shukor Juraimi ◽  
Md. Kamal Uddin ◽  
Norhayu Binti Asib ◽  
A. K. M. Mominul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Natural Herbicide ◽  
Cleome Rutidosperma

Natural product-based herbicides could be the effective alternatives to synthetic chemical herbicides for eco-friendly weed management. This research, therefore, was conducted to identify the phytotoxic properties of Parthenium hysterophorus L., Cleome rutidosperma DC. and Borreria alata (Aubl.) DC. with a view to introducing them as a tool for natural herbicide development. The methanol extracts of these plants were examined on the germination and growth of Zea mays L., Oryza sativa L., Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench and Amaranthus gangeticus L., Oryza sativa f. Spontanea Roshev. (Weedy rice), Echinochloa colona (L.) Link., Euphorbia hirta L., and Ageratum conyzoides L. under laboratory and glasshouse conditions. A complete randomized design (CRD) with five replications and randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications were laid out for laboratory and glasshouse experiments, respectively. In the laboratory experiment, three plant extracts of 0, 6.25, 12.5, 50, and 100 g L−1 were tested on survival rate, hypocotyl, and radicle length of eight test plant species. No seed germination of A. conzyoides, E. hirta, and A. gangeticus were recorded when P. hysterophorus extract was applied at 50 g L−1. C. rutidosperma had the same effect on those plants at 100 g L−1. In the glasshouse, similar extracts and concentrations used in the laboratory experiments were sprayed on at the 2–3 leaf stage for grasses and 4–6 for the broadleaf species. Tested plants were less sensitive to C. rutidosperma and B. alata compared to P. hysterophorus extract. Among the weeds and crops, A. conyzoides, E. hirta, A. esculentus and A. gangeticus were mostly inhibited by P. hysterophorus extract at 100 g L−1. Based on these results, P. hysterophorus was the most phytotoxic among the tested plant extracts and could be used for developing a new natural herbicide for green agriculture.

scholarly journals Effect of pedogenic iron-oxyhydroxide removal on the metal sorption by soil clay minerals

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1785-1799
Author(s):  
Péter Sipos ◽  
Viktória Kovács Kis ◽  
Réka Balázs ◽  
Adrienn Tóth ◽  
Tibor Németh
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Mineral Surfaces ◽  
Iron Oxyhydroxide ◽  
Metal Sorption ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fe Oxyhydroxides ◽  
Cu And Zn

Abstract Purpose The close association of Fe-oxyhydroxides and clay minerals might influence the sorption properties of these components. We aimed to study the effect of removing the pedogenic Fe-oxyhydroxides on the sorption of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn by the clay mineral particles in soils with contrasting pH. Methods Competitive batch sorption experiments before and after Fe-oxyhydroxide extraction in soils were carried out together with the direct analysis of the metal sorption on individual particles of ferrihydrite, smectite, and illite/smectite by TEM. Results Ferrihydrite was a more effective metal sorbent than clay minerals, although its removal resulted in decreased sorption only for Cd, Cu, and Zn. Ferrhydrite coating blocked metals’ access for certain sorption sites on clay surfaces, which were only accessible for Pb as the most efficient competitor after removing the coating. This observation was the most remarkable for the smectite particles in the alkaline soil. Mineral surfaces sorbed higher Cu than Pb concentrations and higher Zn than Cd concentrations despite the former metals’ lower bulk sorption. Thus, organic surfaces and precipitation contributed to Pb and Cd’s retention to a greater extent than for Cu and Zn. The structural Fe of smectite also promoted the metal sorption in both soils. Conclusion Removal of iron-oxyhydroxide coatings from the soil affects metal sorption selectively. Direct study of metal sorption on individual soil particles enables us to gain a more in-depth insight into soil minerals’ role in this process.

scholarly journals Water Quality and Financial Analysis of a System Combining Rainwater and Greywater in a House

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 930
Author(s):  
Gustavo Rosa ◽  
Enedir Ghisi
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Water Tariffs

This study aimed to evaluate the installation of a system that combines rainwater to wash clothes and greywater to flush toilets in a house located in Florianópolis, southern Brazil. The evaluation consisted of determining the potable water savings, performing a financial analysis, and verifying the possibility of using rainwater and reusing greywater according to the local legislation. The reduction in potable water consumption was determined by comparing the monthly water and sewage bill, before and after installing the system, combining rainwater and greywater. The financial analysis was performed considering the financial benefits, operational costs, costs for installing the system, and local water tariffs. After installing the system, there was a decrease of 38.0% in the monthly potable water consumption, which represents a decrease of 7.00 m3 in the monthly potable water consumption. The payback periods for the old and new water tariffs were equivalent to, respectively, ten years and seven months, and eight years and five months. Both rainwater and greywater had parameters with concentrations higher than the limits established by the legislation. Therefore, the rainwater had to go through a device for discarding the first flush and needed disinfection; and the greywater needed to go through a treatment process. The results indicated that the system combining rainwater and greywater shows significant potential for potable water savings, which can be a good alternative to the preservation of potable water resources. It is important to note that current studies on rainwater use and greywater reuse are mainly related to non-potable purposes, but it was shown herein that rainwater can be used for washing clothes.

Reduced latency to first antidepressant treatment in Italian patients with a more recent onset of major depressive disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S529-S529
Author(s):  
B. Grancini ◽  
B. Dell’Osso ◽  
L. Cremaschi ◽  
F. De Cagna ◽  
B. Benatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Valid Predictor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Year 2000

IntroductionMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent burdensome disease, which frequently remains untreated. The duration of untreated illness (DUI) is modifiable parameter and a valid predictor of outcome. Previous investigation in patients with MDD revealed a DUI of different years, while recent reports have documented a reduction of DUI across time, in patients with different psychiatric disorders.Objectives/aimsThe present study was aimed to investigate potential differences in terms of DUI and related variables in patients with MDD across time.MethodsAn overall sample of 188 patients with MDD was divided in two subgroups on the basis of their epoch of onset (onset before and after year 2000). DUI and other onset-related variables were assessed through a specific questionnaire and compared between the two subgroups.ResultsThe whole sample showed a mean DUI of approximately 4.5 years, with a lower value in patients with more recent onset compared to the other subgroup (27.1 ± 42.6 vs. 75.8 ± 105.2 months, P < .05). Moreover, patients with onset after 2000 reported higher rates of onset-related stressful events and lower ones for benzodiazepines prescription (65% vs. 81%; P = 0.02; 47% vs. 30%; P = 0.02).ConclusionsThe comparison of groups with different epochs of onset showed a significant reduction in terms of DUI and benzodiazepines prescription, and a higher rate of onset-related stressful events in patients with a more recent onset. Reported findings are of epidemiologic and clinical relevance in order to evaluate progress and developments in the diagnostic and therapeutic pathways of MDD in Italian and other countries.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Occurrence and elimination of antibiotics at four sewage treatment plants in Japan and their effects on bacterial ammonia oxidation

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopal Chandra Ghosh ◽  
Takashi Okuda ◽  
Naoyuki Yamashita ◽  
Hiroaki Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Oxygen Uptake Rate ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Mixed Condition ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants

The occurrence and elimination of seventeen antibiotics (three macrolides: azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin; five quinolones: ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, levofloxacin, nalidixic acid and norfloxacin; five sulfonamides: sulfadimethoxine, sulfadimizine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethoxazole and sulfamonomethoxine; and others: tetracycline, lincomycin, salinomycin and trimethoprim) were investigated at four full-scale sewage treatment plants in Japan. The highest concentration was recorded for clarithromycin (1,129 to 4,820 ng/L) in influent, followed by azithromycin (160 to 1,347 ng/L), levofloxacin (255 to 587 ng/L) and norfloxacin (155 to 486 ng/L). A vary inconsistence picture was obtained with negative to over 90% removal. Nalidixic acid (53 to100%) exhibited higher removal efficiency followed by norfloxacin (75 to 95%), levofloxacin (40 to 90%), ciprofloxacin (60 to 83%) and enrofloxacin (38 to 74%). Among macrolides, clarithromycin (50 to 88%) and azithromycin (34 to 86%) showed relatively higher removal efficiency than roxithromycin (−32 to 59%). For most of the antibiotics removal efficiency was higher in A2O and AO based secondary treatment process than CAS process. The effect of the antibiotics on bacterial ammonia oxidation determined by oxygen uptake rate presented that there was no significant effect below 0.05 mg/L of each antibiotics. Even at the same concentration, antibiotics in mixed condition had higher inhibition effects than individuals.

Recycling to Soils: a Sustainable Way of Sludge Disposal and its Practice in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1417-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Sheng Cao ◽  
Xue Jing Meng ◽  
Xue Zheng Meng
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Successful Case ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Disposal Problem

With the booming construction of sewage treatment plants aiming at environmental protection, China has to face an emerging urgent task to address the sludge treatment and disposal problem. However there is a big controversy in China about the sludge treatment and disposal strategies. Some scientists suggest incinerating, while others insist on landfilling. In this paper, from the perspective of sustainable development and cyclic economy, a detailed analysis of nutrients cycle mainly related to nitrogen and phosphate before and after industrialization was made and a view that sludge should go back to soils to re-establish a sound nutrients cycle was put forward. Then the feasibility for sludge recycle to soils was discussed and some land application methods for sludge were introduced. At last, a successful case of producing compounded fertilizer from dewatered sludge in Northeast China was described in detail.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document