Alternative products in the "in vitro" inhibition of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

The white mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a very important disease in tomato crops. The objective of this work was to study the effect of plant extracts, animal residues and industrial by-products extracts on the fungus in vitro growth. Treatments consisted of different concentrations of pyrolignous oil, neem oil, monosodium glutamate, sewage sludge and organic compost [coffee residue (50%) coal residue (10%), maize residue (25%), poultry waste (12.5%), poultry meal (2.5%)]. Positive control consisted of Petri dishes with PDA medium and negative control treatment consisted of PDA medium with procymidone. Fungus colonies were incubated at 22ºC and light intensity of 260 lux. Variables such as mycelium growth rate, sclerotia production, and viability 7 and 17 days after the transfer of mycelium disc to neon media were assessed. The extract of organic compost at 30% was effective in controlling mycelial growth and sclerotia production. This treatment, as well as neem oil at 0.5% increased soil respiration.

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Meloidogyne javanica control by Pochonia chlamydosporia, Gracilibacillus dipsosauri and soil conditioner in tomato

Summa Phytopathologica ◽

10.1590/s0100-54052013000200007 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 122-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Guilherme Silva de Podestá ◽

Leandro Grassi de Freitas ◽

Rosangela Dallemole-Giaretta ◽

Ronaldo João Falcão Zooca ◽

Larissa de Brito Caixeta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meloidogyne Javanica ◽

Positive Control ◽

Nematophagous Fungus ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Treatment ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Pochonia Chlamydosporia ◽

Soil Conditioner

Organic matter plays a fundamental role in the antagonistic activity of microorganisms against phytonematode populations on the soil. In this study, the compatibility between the fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia (Pc-12) and the rhizobacterium Gracilibacillus dipsosauri (MIC 14) was evaluated in vitro, as well as the effect of the fungus at the concentration of 5,000 chlamydospores per gram of soil, rhizobacterium at 4.65 x 10(9) cells/g of soil, and the soil conditioner Ribumin® at 10 g/pot, either alone or in combination, against Meloidogyne javanica population in tomato plants (3,000 eggs/pot). A suspension of water or Ribumin® alone was applied on the soil as negative control, while a suspension of nematode eggs was applied as positive control. The reduction in the number of galls in roots per plant was 48 and 41% for the treatments Ribumin + MIC 14 + Pc-12 and MIC 14 + Pc-12, respectively. Regarding to the number of eggs per plant, MIC 14 and Pc-12 + Ribumin led to a reduction by 26 and 21%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. Interaction between the nematophagous fungus and the rhizobacterium was positive for the nematode control, even though G. dipsosauri inhibited P. chlamydosporia growth by up to 30% in in vitro tests.

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Aktivitas Anti Cendawan Ekstrak Daun Sereh Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus L.) Terhadap Colletotrichum sp Penyebab Penyakit Antraknosa Pada Buah Cabai (Capsicum annum L.) Secara In Vitro Dan In Vivo

Agrologia ◽

10.30598/a.v4i1.220 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohamad Ana Syabana ◽

Andree Saylendra ◽

Deri Ramdhani

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Capsicum Annum ◽

Anti Fungal

The aim of this research was to examine in vitro and in vivo anti fungal activity of citronella leaves extract against Colletotrichum sp caused antrachnose disease on chilli. The in vitro and in vivo research used randomized completely design (RCD) with one factor and five level. The factor was citronella leaves extract and the level were 0,1 % (v/v), 0,2 % (v/v), 0,3 % (v/v), 0,4 % (v/v), 0,5 % (v/v). Negative control treatment was conducted by growing Colletotrichum sp on PDA (in vitro) and chili (in vivo) without citronella leaves extract while positive control was conducted by growing Colletotrichum sp on PDA (in vitro) and chili (in vivo) containing synthetic fungicide. The in vitro study showed that the higher concentration of citronella leaves extract caused higher growth inhibition of Colletotrichum sp. Whereas the in vivo study resulted that higher concentration of citronella leaves extract caused lower incubation period of Colletotrichum sp, intensity of disease and weight loss of chillies. The highest concentration of citronella leaves extract (0,5%) has higher antifungal activity compared to other treatments and negative control while lower than positive control.

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Aktivitas Antifungi Air Perasan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran ◽

10.26891/jik.v9i2.2015.71-77 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ◽

Fauzia Andrini ◽

Yulis Hamidy

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Fungicidal Activity ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) has been known as traditional medicine. Shallot which has same genus with garlic(Allium sativum L.) contains allicin that is also found in garlic and has been suspected has fungicidal activity toCandida albicans. It is supported by several researches. Therefore, shallot is suspected has antifungal activity too.The aim of this research was to know antifungal activity of shallot’s water extortion againsts Candida albicans invitro. This was a laboratory experimental research which used completely randomized design, with diffusion method.Shallot’s water extortion was devided into three concentrations, there were 50%, 100% and 200%. Ketoconazole 2%was positive control and aquadest was negative control. The result of this research based on analysis of varians(Anova), there was significant difference between several treatments and was confirmed with Duncan New MultipleRange Test (DNMRT) p<0,05, there was significant difference between 100% shallot’s water extortion with othertreatments, but there was no significant difference between 50% shallot’s water extortion with 200% shallot’s. Theconclusion was shallot’s water extortion had antifungal activity againsts Candida albicans with the best concentration100%, but it was lower than ketoconazole 2%.

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Investigation of potential anti-urolithiatic activity from different types of Musa pseudo-stem extracts in inhibition of calcium oxalate crystallization

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies ◽

10.1186/s12906-020-03113-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mazni Abu Zarin ◽

Joo Shun Tan ◽

Paramasivam Murugan ◽

Rosma Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Incubation Time ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Aggregation Assay ◽

Banana Tree ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Different Types ◽

Aggregation Activity

Abstract Background The banana or scientifically referred to as Musa sp., is one of the most popular fruits all over the world. Almost all parts of a banana tree, including the fruits, stem juice, and flowers are commonly used as traditional medicine for treating diarrhoea (unripe), menorrhagia, diabetes, dysentery, and antiulcerogenic, hypoglycemic, antilithic, hypolipidemic conditions, plus antioxidant actions, inflammation, pains and even snakebites. The study carried out was to evaluate in vitro anti-urolithiatic activity from different types of Musa pseudo-stems. Methods Observing anti-urolithiathic activity via in vitro nucleation and aggregation assay using a spectrophotometer followed by microscopic observation. A total of 12 methanolic extracts were tested to determine the potential extracts in anti-urolithiasis activities. Cystone was used as a positive control. Results The results manifested an inhibition of nucleation activity (0.11 ± 2.32% to 55.39 ± 1.01%) and an aggregation activity (4.34 ± 0.68% to 58.78 ± 1.81%) at 360 min of incubation time. The highest inhibition percentage in nucleation assay was obtained by the Musa acuminate x balbiciana Colla cv “Awak Legor” methanolic pseudo-stem extract (2D) which was 55.39 ± 1.01%at 60 min of incubation time compared to the cystone at 30.87 ± 0.74%. On the other hand,the Musa acuminate x balbiciana Colla cv “Awak Legor” methanolic bagasse extract (3D) had the highest inhibition percentage in the aggregation assay incubated at 360 min which was obtained at 58.78 ± 1.8%; 5.53% higher than the cystone (53.25%).The microscopic image showed a great reduction in the calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals formation and the size of crystals in 2D and 3D extracts, respectively, as compared to negative control. Conclusions The results obtained from this study suggest that the extracts are potential sources of alternative medicine for kidney stones disease.

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Evaluation of ionic degradation and slot corrosion of metallic brackets by the action of different dentifrices

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/s2176-94512013000100019 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 86-93

Author(s):

Gustavo Antônio Martins Brandão ◽

Rafael Menezes Simas ◽

Leandro Moreira de Almeida ◽

Juliana Melo da Silva ◽

Marcelo de Castro Meneghim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Surface Polishing ◽

Aluminium Ion ◽

Negative Controls

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in vitro ionic degradation and slot base corrosion of metallic brackets subjected to brushing with dentifrices, through analysis of chemical composition by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and qualitative analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). METHODS: Thirty eight brackets were selected and randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 7). Two groups (n = 5) worked as positive and negative controls. Simulated orthodontic braces were assembled using 0.019 x 0.025-in stainless steel wires and elastomeric rings. The groups were divided according to surface treatment: G1 (Máxima Proteção Anticáries®); G2 (Total 12®); G3 (Sensitive®); G4 (Branqueador®); Positive control (artificial saliva) and Negative control (no treatment). Twenty eight brushing cycles were performed and evaluations were made before (T0) and after (T1) experiment. RESULTS: The Wilcoxon test showed no difference in ionic concentrations of titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) between groups. G2 presented significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the concentration of aluminium ion (Al). Groups G3 and G4 presented significant increase (p < 0.05) in the concentration of aluminium ion. The SEM analysis showed increased characteristics indicative of corrosion on groups G2, G3 and G4. CONCLUSION: The EDS analysis revealed that control groups and G1 did not suffer alterations on the chemical composition. G2 presented degradation in the amount of Al ion. G3 and G4 suffered increase in the concentration of Al. The immersion in artificial saliva and the dentifrice Máxima Proteção Anticáries® did not alter the surface polishing. The dentifrices Total 12®, Sensitive® and Branqueador® altered the surface polishing.

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UJI EFEK ANALGESIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia calabura L.) PADA MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN (Mus musculus) DENGAN INDUKSI NYERI ASAM ASETAT

Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung ◽

10.51352/jim.v2i2.59 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 147

Author(s):

Triswanto Sentat ◽

Susiyanto Pangestu

Keyword(s):

Analgesic Effect ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Analgesic Effects ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Analgesic Dose ◽

Muntingia Calabura

Kersen leaf (Muntingia calabura L.) contains tannins, flavonoids and polyphenol compounds allegedly have analgesic effect. The objective was to determine the analgesic effect of ethanol extract of kersen leaves and to determine the most effective analgesic dose. This study was an experimental research. Leaves were extracted with ethanol 70% and the analgesic effect test was divided into 5 groups: negative control treatment (distilled water), positive control (mefenamic acid 2.6mg/kg), kersen leaf ethanol extract first dose (100mg/kg), second dose (200mg/kg) and tthird dose (400mg/kg). Giving treatments by oral, after 30 minutes, the mices were given a pain inductor with 0.5% acetic acid by intra peritonial administration. Analgesic power was calculated by counting the number of writhing in mice for 1 hour. The results showed that the ethanol extract of cherry leaf has analgesic effect. From the calculation of the first dose analgesic power (42.9%), second dose (59.4%) and the third dose 69.9%. Statistical test results kruskal wallis value of p=0.011 (p<0.05) showed a significant difference between all analgesic treatment groups. The conclusion of this study is all of the ethanol extract had analgesic effects on male white mice, whereas a dose of 400mg/kg is the most effective analgesic dose.

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In vitro insecticidal effect of commercial fatty acids, ß-sitosterol and rutin against the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/jfp-21-329 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Liliana Aguilar Marcelino ◽

Jesús Antonio Pineda Alegría ◽

David Osvaldo Salinas-Sánchez ◽

Víctor Manuel Hernández Velázquez ◽

Gonzalo Iván Silva Aguayo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Tween 20 ◽

Agricultural Pests ◽

Melanaphis Sacchari ◽

Insecticidal Effect ◽

Sugarcane Aphid ◽

Alternative Means

The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is the main pest of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor L. Moench (Poaceae), in Mexico. To control this insect, farmers currently use synthetic chemical insecticides, which are toxic to humans and biodiversity. However, natural products are a promising potential source of safer alternative means to control different agricultural pests. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal effect of contact by fumigation of pure molecules of four commercial fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, pentadecanoic and linoleic acids), the phytosterol ß -sitosterol, and the flavonoid rutin. The results showed that fatty acids were the most effective against M. sacchari ; the highest mortality rate (85%) was produced by linoleic acid and the LC 50 was 1,181 ppm, followed by stearic and palmitic acids with mortality percentages of 74 and 63%, respectively, at a concentration of 2,500 ppm at 72 h. The positive control, imidacloprid, had 100% mortality in 24 h and the tween 20 negative control exhibited 4% mortality in 72 h. Our results show that commercial fatty acids are effective against adults of M. sacchari , and can be considered an environmentally friendly alternative to the frequent use of synthetic chemical insecticides.

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Evaluation of coconut water neutralized by different agents on the viability of human fibroblasts: an in vitro study

Revista de Odontologia da UNESP ◽

10.1590/1807-2577.09216 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 234-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira SOARES ◽

Aletheia Moraes ROCHA ◽

Manuella Verdinelli de Paula REIS ◽

Camilla Christian Gomes MOURA ◽

Carlos José SOARES

Keyword(s):

Cell Viability ◽

Tap Water ◽

Human Fibroblasts ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Coconut Water ◽

Ph Adjustment ◽

Adjustment Method

Abstract Objective This study evaluated four types of pH adjustment of the coconut water (CW) on viability of human fibroblasts (HFF). Material and method Natural and industrialized CW were adjusted to pH 7.0 using: (1) Sodium Hidroxide (NaOH), (2) Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), (3) Triethanolamine (C6H15NO3), (4) 2-Amino-2-Methil-1-Propanol (C4H11NO). Fibroblasts were plated at 2×104/ well in 96 well plates and maintained in the CW solutions for 2 h and 4 h. Positive control was represented by HFF maintained in DMEM and the negative control by tap water. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT formazan method. Data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s and Dunnet’s test. Result There are no significant effect on the cell viability regarding type of CW, period of evaluation, and the interactions between CW and period of evaluation, CW and pH adjustment method, pH adjustment method and period of evaluation (p>0.05). Conclusion The product used for CW pH adjustment did not influenced HFF viability, thought there are a tendency of better performance in natural CW.

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Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Teripang Pasir terhadap Hambatan Pertumbuhan Shigella Dysentriae Secara In Vitro

Hang Tuah Medical journal ◽

10.30649/htmj.v18i1.239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

FERIZAL NEGERI SAMUDRA ◽

RETNO BUDIARTI ◽

IRMAWATI IRMAWATI

Keyword(s):

Sea Cucumber ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Shigella Spp ◽

Diarrhea Disease

ABSTRACTBackground; In Indonesia, most diarrhea disease in 1995 to 2001 are caused by Shigella spp. Shigella spp infection can cause various symptom dan complication. Generally, the treatment by using antibiotic can cause antibiotic resistance. Sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra) is an herb that known, available, and easy to consume by society and has an antibacterial effect. Therefore, further research to study the effect of Holoturia Scabra on Shigella Dysentriae growth in vitro is needed.Objectives: The goal of this research is demonstrate the effect of sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra) to the growth of the Shigella dysentriae bacteria in vitro.Method: The method in this research is Posttest Only Control Group. There are 6 groups, 4 types of and 2 control groups. The concentration of the treatment group is 100%,50%, 25%, and, 12.5% while for positive control tests using chloramphenicol and aquadest as a negative control.Result: The result showed there is an influence on the intake of sand cucumber to the growth of the Shigella dysenteriae.Conclusion: Sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra) inhibit the growth of Shigella dysenteriae.Key words: Shigella dysenteriae, sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra), antibacterial

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Antibacterial Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Klebsiella spp

Healthcare Review ◽

10.47285/hr.v1i2.54 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 8-15

Author(s):

Gislanne Stéphanne Estevam da Silva ◽

Rivaldo Leon Bezerra Cabral ◽

Nathalie de Sena Pereira ◽

José Heriberto Oliveira do Nascimento ◽

Dany G kramer

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Brain Heart Infusion ◽

Trisodium Citrate ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Klebsiella Spp

Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) can be incorporated into medical devices, such as tissues, to circumvent bacterial resistance such as Klebsiella spp, which can lead to skin and mucosal infections. Thus, the aim of the present study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles for later incorporation into cotton fabrics and in vitro tests against Klebsiella spp. The AgNP colloidal solution was synthesized (AgNO3 - 0.1 mM, 100 mM trisodium citrate, polyvinylpyrrolidone - 0.24 g, H2OH2) and then impregnated into the cotton fabric pretreated with poly diallyl dimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) of 100/500 tissue, shaken for 30 minutes). The material produced was analyzed by the FTIR; DLS and reflectance spectroscopy. The tests of the antimicrobial activities were by the microdilution technique against Klebsiella spp, in tubes containing Brain Heart Infusion (BHI), with the solution of silver (1); Tissue containing AgNP - 4 mm (2); Negative control (3) and positive control - ceftriaxone (4). Regarding MIC, the inhibitory activity occurred of the dilutions between 1/2 and 1/16. The AgNP particles had an average size of 24.75 nm. As synthesized AgNPs demonstrate the excellent antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella spp, with special emphasis on applications in nanotechnology and nanomedicine, targeting multiresistant antibiotic bacteria.

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