scholarly journals Phytase in rations of growing pigs: performance, blood parameters and bone mineral content

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1428-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunaldo Oliveira Silva ◽  
Elias Tadeu Fialho ◽  
Rilke Tadeu Fonseca de Freitas ◽  
José Augusto de Freitas Lima ◽  
Priscila Rosa Vieira Logato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Daily Average ◽  
Urea Content ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

It was intended with the present work to verify the effect of phytase on the performance, bone mineralization and content of plasma urea of swine. 80 swine (30 ± 3.1 kg/LW), crossbred (LD x LW) males and females, allocated to a randomized block design (RBD) with four treatments and five replicates. The treatments consisted of a growing swine diet on the basis of corn, soybean meal and defatted rice bran (DRB) supplemented with four levels of phytase (0, 400, 800 and 1200 FTU/kg) The diet was formulated to meet the requirements of growing swine except for available calcium and phosphorus, the levels of which were 0.64 and 0.25%, respectively. The enzyme phytase utilized was Natuphos 5000. Over the experimental period every eight days, blood of two animals per block was collected through a puncture in the sinus orbital, to determine the plasma urea content. At the final of the experimental period, two animals were slaughtered for collection of the metacarpus bone, aiming to verify the mineral content. The variables analyzed were: daily average weight gain (DAWG), daily average ration consumption (DARC), feed conversion (FC), content of plasma urea, content of ashes, calcium, phosphorus, manganese, zinc and magnesium in the bone. The phytase levels provided a linear improvement (P<0.05) on feed conversion and a quadratic effect on swine's plasma urea content. Phytase promoted a linear increase (P<0.05) on the content of calcium and phosphorus in the swine's metacarpus bone. The level of 750 FTU/kg provided the lowest plasma urea content. It is concluded that the use of the enzyme phytase in growing swine diets improved feed conversion, decreased the plasma urea content and increased the contents of calcium and phosphorus in the bone.

scholarly journals Performance and intestinal development of chicks submitted to different rations and different types of incubation

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
Eliete Souza Santana ◽  
José Neto Cassiano de Camargo ◽  
Michele Laboissière ◽  
Roberto Moraes Jardim Filho
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Processing

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of two types of incubation and two types of feeding on the performance of chickens and intestinal development of chicks during the pre-starter phase (1 to 7 days of age). One-year-old male Ross® chicks were used. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, in a 2x2 factorial design, with two types of feed processing (bran and micropelleted) and two types of incubation machines (single and multiple stage), totaling four treatments, with four treatment repetitions each. Twelve birds per experimental unit were used, totaling 192 animals. Performance evaluations were conducted, such as mean weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, bowel weight and size, and percentage of intestine in relation to live weight. Histomorphometric tests on the height of the villi and depth of the duodenal crypts were also performed. The two incubation machines did not influence any of the analyzed variables. Even though both had the same composition, the micropelleted feed resulted in positive gains for the performance variables: average weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion when compared to the meal, but was unable to significantly influence the morphometric measurements of the duodenum of chicks in the pre-starter phase.

Enrichment strategy of object combination on the behaviour of growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
A. A. Famakinwa ◽  
O. A. Adebiyi ◽  
T. O. Bankole ◽  
P. O. Idahosa
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Average Weight Gain

This study was carried out to determine the effect of object combination as environmental enrichment on behaviour of growing pigs. Thirty-six (36) crossbreed (Large White X Landrace) growing pigs with average weight of 34-36Kg were allotted randomly into four treatments, replicated three times in a completely randomized design. The four treatments were; Control (without enrichment), PRope (2 pieces of polyester rope), treatment SWood (2 pieces of soft wood) and treatment PRope+SWood (1 piece of soft wood and 1 piece of polyester rope). Behavioural observations were monitored by CCTV and recordings were made for 6 hours/day and 3days/week. At the end of the experiment, data collected includes average feed intake and average weight gain while feed conversion ratio was calculated. Likewise, behavioural observations; enrichment use, general activities, pen manipulation and pen-mate manipulation were observed. Behavioural data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) while performance data were analysed using one-way ANOVA. Performance data were significantly influenced (P<0.05) by enrichments for all the parameters measured. PRope+SWood had the highest value for the final weight (50.63kg), average weight gain (15.95kg) and average feed intake (56.61kg) while PRope had the highest FCR 4.18). Penmate manipulation (10.48%), pen manipulation (19.02%) and general activities (14.62%) were lower and significantly better for PRope+SWood compared to PRope and SWood and the highest interaction with enrichment objects was observed in the PRope+SWood (55.88%). It can be concluded that the use of combination of enrichment objects enhanced the performance and behaviour of pigs.

scholarly journals PSVIII-6 The small intestinal responses in the determination of true digestibility and the endogenous outputs of phosphorus in corn for growing pig using the regression analysis technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
Hongzhi Wu ◽  
Zeyu Yang ◽  
Xindi Yin ◽  
Tania Archbold ◽  
Wenyi Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Gut Permeability ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Abstract It is of important methodological considerations to understand how the small intestine would respond to feeding of a series of assay diets deficient in gradient levels of phosphorus (Pi) associated with corn in growing pigs by the regression analysis technique (TRAT). A total of 48 barrows, with an average initial BW 32 kg, were randomly assigned to 6 grower pig diets and were fed close to ad libitum for 10 d, with 8-d adaptation and 2-d collection fecal samples, according to a randomized complete block design. Six cornstarch-based diets, containing 6 levels of Pi at 1.3, 1.9, 2.0, 3.6, 3.4 and 4.0 g/kg DMI, were formulated from corn. The gut permeability marker of D-mannitol was fed 0.30 g/kg BW at 4 h, prior to be sacrificed for sampling. ADG and the apparent ileal DM digestibility were linearly affected (P &lt; 0.05); however, the ADFI, feed conversion ratio, the apparent fecal DM digestibility, transcellular gut permeability and the jejunal alkaline phosphatase kinetics were not affected (P &gt; 0.05) by the increasing dietary levels of corn inclusion. There were linear relationships (P &lt; 0.05), expressed as g/kg DMI, between the apparent ileal and fecal digestible Pi and the total intake of dietary Pi, suggesting that true ileal and fecal Pi digestibility (33.3±4.7 vs. 52.7±3.8%); and the endogenous Pi outputs (0.37±0.12 vs. 0.60±0.09, g/kg DMI) associated with corn could be estimated by the TRAT. Our results have shown that the intestinal physiological functions were not affected in the grower pigs fed on a series of test diets that were deficient in gradient levels of multiple assay nutrients, including macro-minerals, crude protein and amino acids supplied from the testing corn, for a period of 10 d, in the determination of corn-specific true digestibility and the endogenous outputs of Pi by the TRAT.

scholarly journals Performance and behavior of dairy calves fed diets containing milk and citric flavor agents

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 889-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvane Barcelos Carlotto ◽  
Clair Jorge Olivo ◽  
Julio Viégas ◽  
David Arthur Stiles ◽  
Alexandre Mossate Gabbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Abdominal Perimeter

While young ruminants prefer milk aroma and researches about this theme are being developed, the use of citric aroma, very appetized for older ruminants, are low utilized to young animals. This work aims to compare the influence of milk and citric flavor agents on the diets of nursing dairy calves. In this trial, 12 animals of Holstein breed were distributed in a randomized block design with four treatments (concentrate without flavor agent, concentrate with milk flavor or citrus flavor, and concentrate with milk plus citrus flavor agent) and three repetitions. The parameters evaluated were: concentrate dry matter intake (CDMI), hay dry matter (HDMI), milk dry matter intake (MDMI) and total dry matter intake (TDMI), average weight gain (ADWG), feed conversion (FC), initial (IBW) and final body weight (FBW), initial thoracic perimeter (ITP) and final thoracic perimeter (FTP), initial abdominal perimeter (IAP) and final abdominal perimeter (FAP), initial withers height (IWH) and final withers height (FWH) and animal behavior. The CDMI, HDMI and TDMI, as well as IBW, FBW, ITP, FTP, IAP, FAP, IWH and FWH did not show differences (P>0.05). The averages daily gain and feed conversion showed no differences, with means of 0.55 kg/animal and 2.09, respectively. The diets did not affect animal behavior parameters (P>0.05).

scholarly journals Phytate-phosphorus and phytase contents on the relative weight of organs, intestinal morphometry and performance of broilers

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1858-1864
Author(s):  
Aiane Aparecida da Silva Catalan ◽  
Everton Luis Krabbe ◽  
Valdir Silveira de Avila ◽  
Letícia dos Santos Lopes ◽  
Ana Paula Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Phytate Phosphorus ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Random Block ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Intestinal Morphometry

ABSTRACT: In order to evaluate the efficiency of phytase in diets with low and high phytate phosphorus (PP) 0content, as a consequence of wheat bran inclusion, on the relative weight of organs, intestinal morphometry and performance, three hundred and eighty-four male Cobb500 broilers were housed in metabolic cages. Animals were assigned into four treatments in a 2x2 factorial scheme in a randomized block design with eight replicates of 12 birds each. From 11 days of age birds received experimental diets, which consisted of: Diet low in PP; Diet low in PP with phytase (500FTU kg-1); Diet with a high PP and Diet with a high PP with phytase (500FTU kg-1). At 22 and 32 days of age two birds were slaughtered in order to collect gizzard, heart, liver, cecum, cloacal bursa, and at 32 days, a portion of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum was collected for morphometric evaluation. From 22 to 32 days of age average feed intake, average weight gain, average body weight and feed conversion ratio were also evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, fixed effects of diet and phytase and interaction between factors as well as the random block effects were tested. There was no significant interaction for the variables studied, concluding that phytase in diets with low or high phytate phosphorus content did not change the relative weight of organs, intestinal morphometrics and performance; only isolated effects were observed.

Effects of number and siting of single-space feeders on performance and feeding behaviour of growing pigs

1994 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. S. Morrow ◽  
N. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Number Of Visits

SUMMARYTwo experiments of randomized block design were carried out at the Agricultural Research Institute of Northern Ireland in 1991/92 involving groups of 20 pigs fed ad libitum from single-space feeders with built-in water supply from 37 kg to slaughter at 91 kg liveweight.Treatments were replicated 16 and 6 times respectively in Experiments 1 and 2. In the first experiment, one feeder perpen was compared with two feeders per pen positioned side by side. Two feeders increased feed intake (P < 0·05) but had no significant effects on growth rate or feed conversion. With two feeders, the total time that feeders were occupied and the number of visits to feeders were both increased, while the number of enforced withdrawals from feeders and the amount of queuing were both decreased compared with the single feeder. In the second experiment, placing two feeders 2 m or more apart instead of side by side had no significant effects on feed intake or growth rate but improved feed conversion efficiency by 4%. This improvement was associated with fewer and longer visits to feeders but no difference in enforced withdrawals or queuing. In both experiments all treatments showed broadly similar patterns of diurnal feeding behaviour with two peaks of activity daily, a smaller peak pre-midday and a larger one in the afternoon. This pattern was influenced more by number of visits to feeders than by the mean duration of each visit. It is recommended that two single-space feeders are used in pens of 20 finishing pigs when non-pelleted diets are offered ad libitum and that feeders are sited some distance apart, not side by side.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Symbiotic and Acidifier on Growth Performance and Nutrients Digestibility in Growing Pigs Crossbreed

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Danung Nur Adli ◽  
Osfar Sjofjan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Nutrients Digestibility

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of dietary probiotic enhanced liquid acidifier combined with mannan-rich fraction on growth performance, nutrients digestibility in growing pigs. Thirty [(Duroc×Yorkshire)×Landrace] pigs with the average initial BW of 36.75±1.57 kg were allocated into three treatments by a randomized complete block design. There were five pens per treatment with six pigs per pen. Dietary treatments include: 1) CON (basal diet); 2) T1 (basal diet+probiotic 0.1%) and 3) T2 (basal diet+probiotic+mannan rich fraction 0.2%). the data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design using of SAS University Version 4.0. The model included the effects of block (replication) and treatment. Pen served as the experimental unit. During the entire experimental period of 6 weeks, results showed that addition of complex probiotic at the level of 0.2% to diet increased ADG significantly (p<0.05). Also, digestibility of DM and N tended to increase. To sum up, results in this experiment indicated that dietary [(probiotik×acidifier)×mannan-rich-fraction]  supplementation had a positive effect on growing pigs performance and nutrient digestibility

scholarly journals Extruded soybean in pig feeding in the nursery phase:performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Fernanda Fonseca Vilela ◽  
Jean Kaique Valentim ◽  
Guilherme Resende de Almeida ◽  
Silvana Lúcia dos Santos Medeiros ◽  
Sandra Regina Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White

The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement of soybean meal by extruded whole soybean in the feeding of pigs in the nursery phase. Thirty-six piglets (Landrace x Large White), with 45 days weighing on average 11.36 kg, distributed in arandomized block design, three treatments, six replicates, two animals per repetition were used. The treatments consisted of: control treatment (T1) basal diet, basal diet with 10% replacement of soybean meal by extruded soybean (T2), basal diet with 20% replacement of soybean meal by extruded soybean (T3). The variables analyzed were: average weight, feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion. The levels of ureatic activity, ether extract, crude protein, protein solubility and volatile moisture of extruded soybean were verified. No difference was found (P>0.05) between the inclusion levels of extruded soybean in piglet diets in the nursery phase for the variables studied. The processing of extruded whole soybean did not affect its digestibility. Extrudedsoybeans at a level of up to 20% included in piglet feeding during the nursery phase can be a possible substitute for soybean meal, without compromising the performance of the animals.

scholarly journals Phosphorus on performance, hematological, biochemical, and bone parameters of growing pigs

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Euclydes Drews ◽  
Douglas Haese ◽  
João Luís Kill ◽  
Lucas Lemke Lorenzoni ◽  
Rafael Bozini Pimentel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Feed Conversion

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to assess the levels of available phosphorus (AP) in the diet of growing pigs selected for lean deposition on the hematological, biochemical, and bone performance parameters. A total of 64 commercial hybrid pigs (32 castrated males and 32 females; mean initial weight: 23.31±2.4kg; age: 55-90 days) were used. Animals were distributed into a randomized block design with four treatments, eight replicates, and two animals (one male and one female) per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a basal diet and another three diets, which were obtained by supplementing the basal diet with dicalcium phosphate replacing the inert phosphate, resulting in four diets with 0.100, 0.180, 0.260, and 0.340% of available phosphorus. The levels of available phosphorus quadratically influenced the daily weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion, which increased up to the estimated levels 0.331; 0.330, and 0.302% of available phosphorus. Levels of phosphorus showed no influence on the hematological parameters, which remained within the reference values. Levels of available phosphorus increased linearly the ash and phosphorus contents in the metacarpal bone and decreased linearly the alkaline phosphatase activity. Levels of available phosphorus (0.331 and 0.302%, corresponding to a daily intake of 5.73 and 5.18g d-1) provided respectively the best results for weight gain and feed conversion in pigs with high genetic potential, without change in hematological parameters.

Mineral and vitamin supplementation of diets for growing pigs. 3. Salt, calcium and phosphorus, and trace mineral supplements in a wheat/soybean meal diet

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (95) ◽  
pp. 781
Author(s):  
EB Greer ◽  
CE Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Vitamin Supplementation ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broken Bones ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

A 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 factorial experiment with 72 growing pigs examined the effect of adding salt, calcium and phosphorus (Ca + P) and trace minerals (TM-manganese, zinc, iron and copper) to a wheat/soybean meal diet. Gilts and barrows were individually fed at restricted intakes from 20 kg liveweight. Pigs required both salt and Ca + P to reach slaughter at 73 kg. Without these minerals they stopped growing; lameness and broken bones were also common. All pigs fed salt plus the higher level of Ca + P (0.84 and 0.57 per cent, respectively) completed the experiment but only half those fed salt plus the lower level (0.42 and 0.29 per cent Ca + P, respectively) did so. There was a response to salt within three weeks. In the first four weeks, 0.125 per cent added salt improved growth by 26.5 per cent and feed conversion ratio by 21 per cent. The results indicated that growing pigs require less sodium than currently estimated (Agricultural Research Council). A response to both levels of supplementary Ca + P was seen after about seven weeks with salt and nine weeks without salt. In the first eight weeks of the experiment there were no differences in performance between the two levels of added Ca + P when salt was also used. Between 8 and 12 weeks, pigs fed the higher level grew 17 per cent faster. Although 0.84 + 0.57 per cent Ca + P increased rib Ca and P levels, foot and joint abnormalities showed that these levels were insufficient for normal bone development. This suggests that the Agricultural Research Council estimates of Ca and P requirements for restrictively fed growing pigs are low. TM supplementation did not affect performance when both salt and Ca + P were added to the diet.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document