scholarly journals Cannabidiol: from an inactive cannabinoid to a drug with wide spectrum of action

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Waldo Zuardi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sedative Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Number Of Publications

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review is to describe the historical development of research on cannabidiol. METHOD: This review was carried out on reports drawn from Medline, Web of Science and SciELO. DISCUSSION: After the elucidation of the chemical structure of cannabidiol in 1963, the initial studies showed that cannabidiol was unable to mimic the effects of Cannabis. In the 1970's the number of publications on cannabidiol reached a first peak, having the research focused mainly on the interaction with delta9-THC and its antiepileptic and sedative effects. The following two decades showed lower degree of interest, and the potential therapeutic properties of cannabidiol investigated were mainly the anxiolytic, antipsychotic and on motor diseases effects. The last five years have shown a remarkable increase in publications on cannabidiol mainly stimulated by the discovery of its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective effects. These studies have suggested a wide range of possible therapeutic effects of cannabidiol on several conditions, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, other inflammatory diseases, nausea and cancer. CONCLUSION: In the last 45 years it has been possible to demonstrate that CBD has a wide range of pharmacological effects, many of which being of great therapeutic interest, but still waiting to be confirmed by clinical trials.

Cucurbitacins as Anticancer Agents: A Patent Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidayat Hussain ◽  
Ivan R. Green ◽  
Muhammad Saleem ◽  
Khanzadi F. Khattak ◽  
Muhammad Irshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Cucurbitacins belong to a group of tetracyclic triterpenoids that display a wide range of biological effects. In the past, numerous cucurbitacins have been isolated from natural sources and many active compounds have been synthesized using the privileged scaffold in order to enhance its cytotoxic effects. Objective: his review covers patents on the therapeutic effects of natural cucurbitacins and their synthetic analogs published during the past decade. By far, the majority of patents published are related to cancer and Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) of these compounds are included to lend gravitas to this important class of natural products. Methods: The date about the published patents was downloaded via online open access patent databases. Results: Cucurbitacins display significant cytotoxic properties, in particular cucurbitacins B and D which possess very potent effects towards a number of cancer cells. Numerous cucurbitacins isolated from natural sources have been derivatized through chemical modification at the C(2)-OH and C(25)- OH groups. Most importantly, an acyl ester of the C(25)-OH and, iso-propyl, n-propyl and ethyl ether groups of the C(2)-OH demonstrated the most increased cytotoxic activity. Conclusion: The significant cytotoxic effects of natural and semi-synthetic cucurbitacins make them attractive as new drug candidates. Moreover, cucurbitacins have the capability to form conjugates with other anticancer drugs which will synergistically enhance their anticancer effects. The authors believe that in order to get lead compounds, there should be a greater focus on the synthesis of homodimers, heterodimers, and halo derivatives of cucurbitacins. In the opinion of the authors the analysis of the published patents on the cucurbitacins indicates that these compounds can be developed into a regimen to treat a wide spectrum of cancers.

scholarly journals Host-Directed Therapies for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda O. Novais ◽  
Camila Farias Amorim ◽  
Phillip Scott
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Parasite Replication ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Improve Clinical Outcome

Cutaneous leishmaniasis exhibits a wide spectrum of clinical presentations from self-resolving infections to severe chronic disease. Anti-parasitic drugs are often ineffective in the most severe forms of the disease, and in some cases the magnitude of the disease can result from an uncontrolled inflammatory response rather than unrestrained parasite replication. In these patients, host-directed therapies offer a novel approach to improve clinical outcome. Importantly, there are many anti-inflammatory drugs with known safety and efficacy profiles that are currently used for other inflammatory diseases and are readily available to be used for leishmaniasis. However, since leishmaniasis consists of a wide range of clinical entities, mediated by a diverse group of leishmanial species, host-directed therapies will need to be tailored for specific types of leishmaniasis. There is now substantial evidence that host-directed therapies are likely to be beneficial beyond autoimmune diseases and cancer and thus should be an important component in the armamentarium to modulate the severity of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

scholarly journals Amburana cearensis: Pharmacological and Neuroprotective Effects of Its Compounds

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 3394
Author(s):  
Juliana Helena Castro e Silva ◽  
Rafael Short Ferreira ◽  
Erica Patricia Pereira ◽  
Suzana Braga-de-Souza ◽  
Monique Marylin Alves de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Glutamate Excitotoxicity ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Toxic Drugs ◽  
Seed Extracts

Amburana cearensis A.C. Smith is an endemic tree from Northeastern Brazil used in folk medicine as teas, decocts and syrups for the treatment of various respiratory and inflammatory diseases, since therapeutic properties have been attributed to compounds from its stem bark and seeds. Numerous pharmacological properties of semi-purified extracts and isolated compounds from A. cearensis have been described in several biological systems, ranging from antimicrobial to anti-inflammatory effects. Some of these activities are attributed to coumarins and phenolic compounds, the major compounds present in A. cearensis seed extracts. Multiple lines of research demonstrate these compounds reduce oxidative stress, inflammation and neuronal death induced by glutamate excitotoxicity, events central to most neuropathologies, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s Disease (PD). This review focuses on the botanical aspects, folk medicine use, biological effects and pharmacological activities of A. cearensis compounds and their potential as novel non-toxic drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Anti-aging effects exerted by Tetramethylpyrazine enhances self-renewal and neuronal differentiation of rat bMSCs by suppressing NF-kB signaling

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Song ◽  
Jin Dai ◽  
Huaguang Li ◽  
Yuemeng Li ◽  
Weixiao Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Differentiation ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Neuronal Morphology ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Neuronal Markers ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractIn order to improve the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies for a number of intractable neurological disorders, a more favorable strategy to regulate the outcome of bone marrow MSCs (bMSCs) was examined in the present study. In view of the wide range of neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects, Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a biologically active alkaloid isolated from the herbal medicine Ligusticum wallichii, was used. It was revealed that treatment with 30–50 mg/l TMP for 4 days significantly increased cell viability, alleviated senescence by suppressing NF-κB signaling, and promoted bMSC proliferation by regulating the cell cycle. In addition, 40–50 mg/l TMP treatment may facilitate the neuronal differentiation of bMSCs, verified in the present study by presentation of neuronal morphology and expression of neuronal markers: microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that TMP treatment may promote the expression of neurogenin 1 (Ngn1), neuronal differentiation 1 (NeuroD) and mammalian achaete–scute homolog 1 (Mash1). In conclusion, 4 days of 40–50 mg/l TMP treatment may significantly delay bMSC senescence by suppressing NF-κB signaling, and enhancing the self-renewal ability of bMSCs, and their potential for neuronal differentiation.

scholarly journals Small and Medium Entrepreneurship: Bibliometric Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Natalia FILIMONOVA ◽  
Svetlana BOLTUNOVA ◽  
Victoria FILIMONOVA
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Research Fronts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Current Knowledge Base ◽  
Number Of Publications

Despite the high importance of small business for the development of economic systems, it faces a number of difficulties due to its size. These circumstances have attracted the attention of the scientific community. As the dynamics of the number of publications on the development of small and medium-sized enterprises shows, scientists around the world are interested in a wide range of issues. The purpose of this article was to analyze the evolution of research fronts and identify key research topics, the current knowledge base and influential publications of Russian and foreign scientists. We used the freeware product CiteSpaceV to conduct our research. To analyze the publications, we used the ISI Web of Science Core Collection (WoS) database, the selected time interval was from 1997 to 2020. As a result of this study, eight major clusters in the field of SME development were identified according to foreign publications; only one cluster was identified according to Russian publications. A comparison of research fronts on foreign publications with Russian topics can become the basis for forecasting promising research areas.

scholarly journals Gut Health in Veterinary Medicine: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Literature

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1997
Author(s):  
Elena Colombino ◽  
Daniel Prieto-Botella ◽  
Maria Teresa Capucchio
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
R Package ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Number Of Publications

Gut health is a recent relevant research topic in veterinary medicine and it has been shown to be associated with better zootechnical performances and animal welfare. A bibliometric analysis was performed to explore publication trends, dynamics and possible knowledge gaps in this field in the last twenty years (2000–2020). The database Web of Science was searched and the results were analyzed by the R package Bibliometrix. A total of 1696 documents were retrieved in the evaluated period, showing a constant annual growth in the number of publications of 22.4%. These articles focused mainly on pigs (34.8%), poultry (chicken, duck, turkey and quail—33.9%) and aquaculture (fishes, crustaceans and frog—15.0%) while a scarce number was found on felines, cows, horses, rodents, goats and sheep. China was the most productive country (24.7%) followed by the USA (17.2%) and Canada (5.7%). Keyword’s analysis showed that the main research lines aimed to explore animal nutrition, prevention of inflammatory diseases and microbiota composition. This study shows a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the evolution of veterinary gut health research that will help to drive future investigations on this topic.

scholarly journals Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.: Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Overview of the Himalayan Ferns

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Prabhakar Semwal ◽  
Sakshi Painuli ◽  
Kartik M. Painuli ◽  
Gizem Antika ◽  
Tugba Boyunegmez Tumer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Sustainable Utilization ◽  
Action Mechanism ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Cns Stimulant

The genus Diplazium (family: Athyriaceae) comprises approximately 350 species of pteridophytes. Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. is an important member of this genus and commonly known as a wild vegetable in the Himalayan and sub-Himalayan communities. According to the literature analysis, D. esculentum was traditionally used for the prevention or treatment of several diseases such as diabetes, smallpox, asthma, diarrhea, rheumatism, dysentery, headache, fever, wounds, pain, measles, hypertension, constipation, oligospermia, bone fracture, and glandular swellings. Various extracts of D. esculentum were evaluated to elucidate their phytochemical and pharmacological activities. A wide array of pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, CNS stimulant, and antianaphylactic activities have been recognized in different parts of D. esculentum. The review covers a systematic examination of pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, and pharmacological applications of D. esculentum, but scientifically, it is not fully assessed regarding complete therapeutic effects, toxicity, and safety in the human body. The published literature on D. esculentum and its therapeutic properties were collected from different search engines including Wiley online, PubMed, Springer Link, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ACS publications by using specific terms such as “Diplazium esculentum, bioactive compounds, biological activities and health benefits” from 1984 to 2021 (March). Therefore, further studies are required to identify the detailed action mechanism of D. esculentum in vitro/in vivo, and also, more studies should focus on conservation, cultivation, and sustainable utilization of the species.

scholarly journals Hydrogen, a Novel Therapeutic Molecule, Regulates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Tian ◽  
Yafang Zhang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Yunxi Chen ◽  
Weiping Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Molecular hydrogen (H2) is a colorless and odorless gas. Studies have shown that H2 inhalation has the therapeutic effects in many animal studies and clinical trials, and its application is recommended in the novel coronavirus pneumonia treatment guidelines in China recently. H2 has a relatively small molecular mass, which helps it quickly spread and penetrate cell membranes to exert a wide range of biological effects. It may play a role in the treatment and prevention of a variety of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as acute pancreatitis, sepsis, respiratory disease, ischemia reperfusion injury diseases, autoimmunity diseases, etc.. H2 is primarily administered via inhalation, drinking H2-rich water, or injection of H2 saline. It may participate in the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity (mitochondrial energy metabolism), immune system regulation, and cell death (apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis) through annihilating excess reactive oxygen species production and modulating nuclear transcription factor. However, the underlying mechanism of H2 has not yet been fully revealed. Owing to its safety and potential efficacy, H2 has a promising potential for clinical use against many diseases. This review will demonstrate the role of H2 in antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects and its underlying mechanism, particularly in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), providing strategies for the medical application of H2 for various diseases.

scholarly journals Importance of IL-10 Modulation by Probiotic Microorganisms in Gastrointestinal Inflammatory Diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra de Moreno de LeBlanc ◽  
Silvina del Carmen ◽  
Meritxell Zurita-Turk ◽  
Clarissa Santos Rocha ◽  
Maarten van de Guchte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Anti Inflammatory Cytokine

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) represent a heterogeneous group of microorganisms that are naturally present in many foods and possess a wide range of therapeutic properties. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of the current expanding knowledge of one of the mechanisms by which LAB and other probiotic microorganisms participate in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal inflammatory disease through their immune-modulating properties. A special emphasis will be placed on the critical role of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and a brief overview of the uses of genetically engineered LAB that produce this important immune response mediator will also be discussed. Thus, this paper will demonstrate the critical role that IL-10 plays in gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases and how probiotics could be used in their treatment.

Tangeretin: a mechanistic review of its pharmacological and therapeutic effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Ashrafizadeh ◽  
Zahra Ahmadi ◽  
Reza Mohammadinejad ◽  
Elham Ghasemipour Afshar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractTo date, a large number of synthetic drugs have been developed for the treatment and prevention of different disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. However, these drugs suffer from a variety of drawbacks including side effects and low efficacy. In response to this problem, researchers have focused on the plant-derived natural products due to their valuable biological activities and low side effects. Flavonoids consist of a wide range of naturally occurring compounds exclusively found in fruits and vegetables and demonstrate a number of pharmacological and therapeutic effects. Tangeretin (TGN) is a key member of flavonoids that is extensively found in citrus peels. It has different favorable biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects. In the present review, we discuss the various pharmacological and therapeutic effects of TGN and then, demonstrate how this naturally occurring compound affects signaling pathways to exert its impacts.

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