scholarly journals Prevalence of HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C among adults with mental illness: a multicenter study in Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Drew Crosland Guimarães ◽  
Lorenza Nogueira Campos ◽  
Ana Paula Souto Melo ◽  
Ricardo Andrade Carmo ◽  
Carla Jorge Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
Serology Testing ◽  
Adults With Mental Illness

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: There is evidence that patients with mental illness have increased prevalence of sexually transmitted infections, but data in Brazil are scarce. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis C and B, and syphilis among patients with mental illness in Brazil. METHOD: A multicenter representative sample of adults with mental illness was randomly selected from 26 mental health institutions throughout Brazil. Sociodemographic, sexual behavior and clinical data were obtained from person-to-person interviews and blood was collected for serology testing. Seroprevalence with 95% confidence limits were obtained correcting for sampling scheme. RESULTS: Of the 2,475 patients interviewed, 2,238 had blood collected. Most participants were sexually active ever (88.8%) or in the last 6 months (61.6%), female (51.9%), and single (66.6%). Half of the sample had less than 5 years of schooling and the mean monthly individual income was low (US$ 210.00). Condom use was very low either during lifetime (8%) or in the last 6 months (16%). Overall seroprevalence were 1.12%, 0.80%, 1.64%, 14.7% and 2.63% for, respectively, syphilis, HIV, HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HCV. CONCLUSIONS: Seroprevalences found were higher than other populations with representative studies in Brazil, with high rates of sexual risk behavior. This is of public health concern, and prevention and care strategies for sexually transmitted infections among psychiatric patients should urgently be implemented by health authorities.

scholarly journals HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B and C prevalence among patients with mental illness: a review of the literature

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (suppl 4) ◽  
pp. s607-s620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenza Nogueira Campos ◽  
Mark Drew Crosland Guimarães ◽  
Ricardo Andrade Carmo ◽  
Ana Paula Souto Melo ◽  
Helian Nunes de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Chronic Mental Illness ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

A limited number of studies worldwide have investigated the prevalence of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B and C infection among psychiatric patients. However, prevalence of these infections in the population with chronic mental illness has not been clearly established. Most of the published papers are from developed countries and have derived from relatively small and non-representative samples. We performed a systematic review of the published literature to identify studies on these infectious diseases within psychiatric populations in Brazil and other developing countries. Overall, prevalence rates varied from 0% to 29% for HIV; 1.6% to 66% for HBV; 0.4% to 38% for HCV; and 1.1% to 7.6% for syphilis. Several risk factors were identified and discussed, although sampling limitations restrict the generalization of study findings. This review highlights the lack of information on the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases and their associated factors among persons with chronic mental illness and identifies gaps in the knowledge base in both developing and developed countries.

scholarly journals Exploring enablers of sexually transmitted infections among illegal gold miners in the midlands region of Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1321
Author(s):  
Nyanshanu Mattew ◽  
Chireshe Rumbidzai ◽  
Jidong Dung ◽  
Nyashanu Wendy ◽  
Ekpenyong Mandu Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Prolonged Stay ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Gold Miners ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Sub-Saharan Africa faces by far the highest rate of HIV and other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). Illegal mineworkers are considered at risk for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Men are generally not receptive to health promotion messages.Methods: This study explored the enablers of sexually transmitted infections. The study utilized a qualitative approach. A total of 40 participants were recruited. Semi structured interviews were used to collect data. A thematic approach was used to analyze the data. Zimbabwe, like any other country in the sub-Saharan region of Africa, has been affected by the epidemic of HIV/AIDS and other STIs, because of poor sexual health education.Results: The study found that the enablers of STIs included poor sexual health knowledge, substance misuse, prolonged stay from family, stigma, lack of entertainment, cultural status, and poor sexual health services.Conclusions: STIs among illegal gold miners is a public health concern that needs urgent attention in many developing countries.

scholarly journals New Biomedical Technologies and Strategies for Prevention of HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonaventura C. T. Mpondo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Socioeconomic Impact ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Acute Infections ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Biomedical Technologies ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv

Sexually transmitted infections remain to be of public health concern in many developing countries. Their control is important, considering the high incidence of acute infections, complications and sequelae, and their socioeconomic impact. This article discusses the new biomedical technologies and strategies for the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.

scholarly journals Self-Reported Prevalence of HIV Infection, Sexually Transmitted Infections and Risky Sexual Behavior among Mental Health Care Users Accessing Healthcare Services in Tshwane District, South Africa

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1398
Author(s):  
Mathildah Mpata Mokgatle
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Health Care ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

The rate of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among mental patients is higher than that of the general population worldwide. Many risky sexual behaviors are associated with mental illness. However, mental health care users (MHCUs) are not specifically targeted for HIV preventative care, and routine HIV testing is not done among this population. Limited studies have investigated self-reported HIV and STI prevalence and associated risky sexual behavior in persons with mental illnesses accessing health care services in South Africa in particular. This study set out to determine both the Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) self-reported prevalence and sexual practices of MHCUs. A descriptive cross-sectional survey using purposive sampling was used to select 107 MHCUs across five clinics within Gauteng Province of South Africa who were above the age of 18, had a mental illness, and were currently stable and receiving chronic medication. Descriptive statistics were performed using Stata IC version 16. The chi square test was used to indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05) of differences in frequency distributions. More males (52.5%) than females were currently in a sexual relationship (50.0%), having multiple sexual partners (n = 4.13%), and having alcohol-driven sex (n = 4.19%). The majority of MHCUs (n = 82.77%) had an STI in the past six months, and a quarter (n = 21.25%) were HIV-positive with over two-thirds of MHCU (n = 69.70%) perceiving themselves not at risk for HIV. MHCUs engaged in risky behaviors had a low perception of the risks of contracting HIV. Bivariate analysis of gender by sexual behavior revealed that female MHCUs are more at risk of being forced to have sex compared to males (p = 0.006). Integrated interventions should be put in place to ensure that MHCUs’ sexual and reproductive health are not left behind and issues such as sexual education, safe sex, and sexually transmitted infections should form part of the care of MHCUs.

Using video games to improve the sexual health of young people aged 15-25 years: A rapid review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Franco Vega ◽  
Anastasia Eleftheriou ◽  
Cynthia Graham
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Serious Games ◽  
Outcome Studies ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

BACKGROUND Sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies among young people remain a public health concern in many countries. To date, interventions to address these concerns have had limited success. The use of serious games as educational tools is increasingly used in health and public professional education. Although acknowledged as having great potential, fewer studies have evaluated the use of serious games in sexual health education among young people and to date, there have been no published reviews of these studies. OBJECTIVE The aim was to assess the effects of video game-based sexual health interventions for risky sexual behavior in young people aged 15-25 years. METHODS A rapid review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCT trials. The search included these bibliographic databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; Embase; Medline; PsycINFO; Scopus. Two reviewers independently screened 50 percent of the articles retrieved at the full-text screening phase. RESULTS From a total of 459 citations identified, after removing duplicates, 327 articles were deemed eligible for title/abstract screening. Seventy full-texts were screened, leaving 10 articles (evaluating 11 different games) included in the review. The findings highlighted the considerable diversity in video game-based interventions and in the sexual health outcomes assessed. While there were some promising findings in outcome studies using game-based interventions, results across studies were mixed. CONCLUSIONS Although game interventions for sexual health have been in existence for almost three decades, there have been relatively few studies evaluating them and the results of previous outcome studies have been mixed. Moreover, there is little clarity about which specific elements of a game facilitate positive outcomes. We provide some recommendations for future researchers developing video game-based interventions to improve sexual health in young people.Sex education, serious games, sexually transmitted infections, rapid review

scholarly journals Assessment of sexual and reproductive health knowledge and awareness among single unmarried women living in Lebanon: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Hamdanieh ◽  
Louna Ftouni ◽  
Bara’a Al Jardali ◽  
Racha Ftouni ◽  
Chaymaa Rawas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Abstract Background Sexual and reproductive health (SRH), a globally recognized fundamental health concern and a basic human right is poorly addressed and seldom researched in the Arab world. Disregarding this aspect of health creates various obstacles to accessing SRH related services and education. This threatens the health of a female, namely through increasing the probability of unplanned pregnancies and unsafe abortions, augmenting the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections, and most importantly, increasing the hazard of maternal and neonatal death. Thus, this study aimed to assess the level of SRH related knowledge and awareness among single unmarried women living in Lebanon. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire in both English and Arabic languages. The questionnaire included 9 sections; socio-demographic characteristics section, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) section, premarital tests section, vaccines section, menstruation and its abnormalities section, pregnancy symptoms and identification section, methods of contraception section, vitamins section, and honeymoon events section. The questionnaire was distributed among all Lebanese governorates to 491 single unmarried women living in Lebanon aged between 17 and 55 years. Student t-test and Chi-Square test were used to analyze results. Results It was found that only 8.8% of all the participants had adequate knowledge. The highest level of SRH related knowledge was about pregnancy (88.0%), and the least was about contraception (13.5%). Most of the knowledgeable participants lived in Beirut governorate (13.6%, n = 8) and had reached universities (10.3%, n = 41), but this was not statistically significant (p-value > 0.05). The effect of a prior visit to a gynecologist was statistically non-significant on the overall level of knowledge (p-value = 0.269). Conclusion Due to the inadequate level of knowledge, SRH education campaigns empowered by the Ministry of Public Health in collaboration with primary care physicians and gynecologists, are recommended in both the societal and academic sectors to enhance the awareness level and make SRH knowledge readily available among unmarried women aged between 17 and 55. Knowing the massive role of social media nowadays, the messages they present should contribute to enhancing the level of SRH knowledge and redirect attitudes and behaviors of unmarried females in Lebanon.

Sexually transmitted infections among HIV serodiscordant partners: A secondary analysis of HIV Prevention Trial Network 052

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242110303
Author(s):  
Maganizo B Chagomerana ◽  
Mina C Hosseinipour ◽  
Jose Henrique Pilotto ◽  
Sharlaa Badal-Faesen ◽  
Mulinda Nyirenda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Positive Index ◽  
Index Cases ◽  
Hiv Negative

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a public health concern because of their interaction(s) with HIV. In the HPTN 052 study, STIs were evaluated in both HIV-positive index cases and their HIV-negative partners at enrollment and at yearly follow-up visits. Our definition for STI was based on any infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, syphilis, or Trichomonas vaginalis. We used log-binomial regression models to identify factors associated with prevalent STIs. Generalized estimating equation models with the Poisson distribution were used to compare STI incidence between HIV-positive index cases and HIV-negative partners. 8.1% of the participants had STIs at enrollment. The prevalence of STIs (8.9 vs. 7.2) was higher in HIV-positive index cases than HIV-negative partners. Being female (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.20–2.16) or unmarried (PR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.17–3.14) was associated with prevalent STIs. Compared to HIV-negative male partners, HIV-positive female index cases had a higher risk of STI acquisition (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.70–2.97). While we are implementing HIV prevention interventions for HIV-negative people, we should also intensify targeted STI prevention interventions, especially among HIV-positive women.

scholarly journals Culturomics Approaches Expand the Diagnostic Accuracy for Sexually Transmitted Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10815
Author(s):  
Ellinor Anna Wolf ◽  
Hannah Clara Rettig ◽  
Mariia Lupatsii ◽  
Britta Schlüter ◽  
Kathrin Schäfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Impact

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major health concern with clinical manifestations being acknowledged to cause severe reproductive impairment. Research in infectious diseases has been centered around the known major pathogens for decades. However, we have just begun to understand that the microbiota of the female genital tract is of particular importance for disease initiation, infection progression, and pathological outcome. Thus, we are now aware that many poorly described, partially not yet known, or cultured bacteria may pave the way for an infection and/or contribute to disease severity. While sequencing-based methods are an important step in diagnosing STIs, culture-based methods are still the gold-standard method in diagnostic routine, providing the opportunity to distinguish phenotypic traits of bacteria. However, current diagnostic culture routines suffer from several limitations reducing the content of information about vaginal microbiota. A detailed characterization of microbiota-associated factors is needed to assess the impact of single-bacterial isolates from the vaginal community on vaginal health and the containment of STIs. Here we provide current concepts to enable modern culture routines and create new ideas to improve diagnostic approaches with a conjunct usage of bioinformatics. We aim to enable scientists and physicians alike to overcome long-accepted limitations in culturing bacteria of interest to the human health. Eventually, this may improve the quality of culture-based diagnostics, facilitate a research interface, and lead to a broader understanding of the role of vaginal microbiota in reproductive health and STIs.

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