scholarly journals Effect of spray volume on the moisture of stored corn and wheat grains

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Alberto Vásquez-Castro ◽  
Gilberto Casadei de Baptista ◽  
Casimiro Dias Gadanha Junior ◽  
Luiz Roberto Pimentel Trevizan
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Oven Method ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Stored Grains ◽  
Spray Volume

The goal of this work was to evaluate the effect of spray volume on the moisture of the stored grains of the corn and wheat. Two kg of each type of the grain were placed into the plastic bags and sprayed with the theoretical doses of 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, and 10 liters of water / ton of the grain. The grain moisture content was evaluated 24 h after the spray operation by the oven method. The increase in the grain moisture was quadratic and showed the same trend in both the corn and wheat. The grain moisture after spraying 10 L.t-1 showed little increase (0.8 %) as compared to the initial moisture content. Thus, the application of any spray volume as used in this study made no difference for a possible better uniformity in the distribution of insecticide throughout the sprayed material.

Mathematical Modeling of the Process of Operation of the Drying Chamber of a Tower Grain Dryer With a Suction Air Flow

2020 ◽  
pp. 114-121
Author(s):  
Viktor Shvidia ◽  
◽  
Serhii Stepanenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Optimal Mode ◽  
Drying Chamber ◽  
Main Operating

In the article, a drying scheme in a tower grain dryer has been developed, equations for the conservation of energy and material balance for grain, equations for mass transfer and heat transfer between the drying agent and grain have been drawn up. On their basis, analytical dependences of changes in the temperature and moisture content of grain, moisture content and temperature of the drying agent along and in the width of the drying channel were obtained, depending on the operating parameters (the value of rarefaction in the drying channel, the speed of grain movement along the drying channel, the speed of movement of the drying agent, the initial temperatures of the grain and drying agent, initial moisture content of grain, as well as initial moisture content of drying agent). Their analysis facilitates the work in choosing the optimal mode. The developed analytical dependences of changes in the main drying parameters (moisture and temperature of grain, moisture content and temperature of the drying agent) along the length and width of the drying channel in tower dryers with suction air flow make it possible to link the main operating parameters, which facilitate the choice of rational drying modes.

scholarly journals STUDY OF GRAIN DRYING IN THE AUTOMATED GRAIN DRYING UNIT

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
S. A. Pavlov ◽  
T. F. Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Complex Object ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Grain Drying

Mine and column grain dryers are a fairly complex object of control in the production line. The process of grain drying is characterized  by a large number of parameters, quantitatively and qualitatively characterizing the dryer operation. First of all, this includes the criteria of maximum performance and minimum deviations of the moisture content of the dried grain from the standard values. These criteria, as studies show, are interconnected with each other: an increase in the performance П of the dryer leads to an increase in the moisture content of the grain coming out of it, and, conversely, an attempt to reduce the moisture content of grain causes the need to reduce the performance П. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to develop the expression for the transfer functions of the of grain flow control depending on perturbations of the initial moisture content and the maximum grain temperature, as well as to conduct experimental studies. (Materials and methods) The authors have developed simplified mathematical models of moisture perturbation compensation of grain coming in for drying and its heating temperature in a drying chamber by changing the dryer performance on the basis of theoretical-and-experimental studies. (Results and discussion). The authors  have obtained  expressions to control the process performance when the current humidity and temperature change through the dryer performance parameters as a function of grain moisture flow and heat used to grain heating up to an acceptable temperature. Farm tests of developed transition management functions have been implemented for dryer SZT-16 controlled by PLC S7-1200 Siemens and operating in an automatic mode. Tests have been conducted on the “Babachev” farm, Karachev district of the Bryansk region in the process of drying food wheat grain. (Conclusion) It has been confirmed that the dryer performance is determined not only by the rated capacity but also by the deviation of the current moisture content of grain from the specified values and by the ratio of the amount of heat used for evaporating and heating. The dryer performance at constant initial humidity is determined by its rated performance, the maximum specified difference of grain temperatures, as well as the ratio of the amounts of heat used for evaporating and heating.

scholarly journals Forma e tamanho de grãos de soja para diversos teores de água

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2821
Author(s):  
Wilker Alves Morais ◽  
Osvaldo Resende ◽  
Fernando Nobre Cunha ◽  
Vitor Marques Vidal ◽  
Nelmício Furtado da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Volumetric Shrinkage ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Grain Moisture

Physical properties of soybean grains present differences as a function of cultivars and moisture content, with the correlation between physical properties. This study aimed to determine the characteristics related to the physical properties of grains with different moisture contents of three soybean cultivars. The experimental design was completely randomized design in a 3 × 6 factorial scheme with three replications, consisting of three soybean cultivars (6266 RSF IPRO, BMX Potência RR, and 14403Z6001) and six grain moisture contents (11, 13, 15, 17, 19, and 21% wb). Soybean grains presented an initial moisture content of 11.0, 11.0, and 10.8% wb, respectively for 6266 RSF IPRO, BMX Potência RR, and 14403Z6001. The other moisture contents were obtained by soaking in a BOD chamber maintained at 25 °C and 93% of relative humidity. We assessed volume, roundness, sphericity, surface area, volumetric shrinkage, and volumetric shrinkage rate. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance by the F-test (p < 0.05) and when significant, regression analysis was performed for grain moisture contents and the means of cultivars were compared by the Tukey’s test. Pearson’s correlation analysis was also carried out to represent the linearity between grain physical properties. The cultivar BMX Potência RR obtained the highest results for volume, roundness, sphericity, and surface area. Volume and surface area increased as the moisture content of soybean grains increased; the opposite was observed for roundness and sphericity. A linear increase in volumetric shrinkage was observed as moisture content increased. The values of the correlation coefficients of the linear regression models can be used to describe the relationships between physical properties.

scholarly journals Effect of the initial moisture content of the paddy drying operation for the small community

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-183
Author(s):  
Surachai Hemhirun ◽  
Pracha Bunyawanichakul
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Rotary Valve ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Speed Rotation

After the harvest, the paddy would contain high and unequal initial moisture content, depending on the season and harvest time. As a result, the dehydration was caused by using the dryer while feeding the paddy grain unequal moisture content, the dryer should be properly adjusted to retain the final moisture content as per the rice mill and storage requirements and low specific energy consumption (SEC) were used for the drying operation per one cycle product. The objective of this paper was to study the paddy drying operation by using a continuous cross-flow dryer at a different initial grain moisture content. The research was divided into two steps, the first step began with the drying operation with levels of the initial moisture content 20.0%wb that involved the adjustment of the parameters of an average hot-air temperature 150°C, the speed rotation of an eccentric set of 11.52 rad s–1, the airflow rate 0.016 m3 s–1, and speed rotation of rotary valve 0.21 rad s–1 (approximately feed rate 36 kg h–1), by the application of these parameters, from the obtained results, it was found that grain moisture content of paddy was reduced from 20.0%wb to 14.3%wb as desired, and SEC of 3.60 MJ kg–1 water was evaporated. Then the second step, these parameters were tested in terms of the drying operation that the initial grain moisture content decreased and increased 18.1%wb and 23.0%wb, respectively. The results showed that when the initial grain moisture content decreased, the paddy drying operation reduced the moisture of the paddy until the final grain moisture content became 12.9%wb which was lower than the desired expectation, On the contrary, when the initial moisture content increased, the final grain moisture content became 16.1%wb. This was not sufficient for storage or planting in the next crop year which required re-drying operation as well. Furthermore, the results can be used as reference data and a guideline for small communities in Thailand to appropriate decisions with the drying cost and the value-added tax.

scholarly journals Purwarupa dan Kinerja Pengering Gabah Hybrid Solar Heating dan Photovoltaic Heater dengan Sistem Monitoring Suhu

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Usman Usman ◽  
Akhyar Muchtar ◽  
Umar Muhammad ◽  
Nunik Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Temperature Monitoring ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Drying Efficiency ◽  
And Control

Grain drying is a process to reduce grain moisture content to certain conditions, so the grain can last longer in storage. The grain dryer model used in this research was Indirect Type Solar Dryer (ITSD). In order to make this dryer can work at night, heating element that used electrical energy from solar panels was added. This energy is a renewable and environmentally friendly energy. This dryer was equipped with a temperature monitoring system and control of the photovoltaic heater. The results of temperature monitoring and voltage sensors to controlling photovoltaic heaters based on validation are categorized as work measurement tools, because they have an error of 0.5% – 2%. Whereas the relay works when the battery voltage is 11 - 10.9 V. This dryer can dry grain to reach a moisture content of 14.90% from initial  moisture content of 48.46%. The drying process lasts for 11 hours, which is 7 hours using solar energy and 4 hours using photovoltaic heaters. The average temperature produced by dryer system during the drying process is 35.28 °C with a drying efficiency of 60.14%.

scholarly journals Pengaruh kecepatan udara dan massa gabah terhadap kecepatan pengeringan gabah menggunakan pengering terfluidisasi

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Syahrul ◽  
M. Mirmanto ◽  
S. Romdani ◽  
S. Sukmawaty
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Drying Chamber

Grain processing does not meet the actual grain harvests. This is due to the unsuitable drying process. Milling grain entrepreneurs and farmers in Indonesia are currently conducting a drying process under the sun. Based on the National Standards Body (BSN), grain moisture content must be at 14% to maintain the grain at high qualities. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of velocity and grain mass variations on drying times. The grain used in this study contains an initial moisture content of 22% ± 0.5%. The grain is dried by inserting it into the drying chamber and varying the air velocities and grain mass. The air velocities used are 4 m/s, 5 m/s, 6 m/s and the variations of the grain mass are 1 kg 2 kg and 3 kg. The results show that increasing the air velocity decreases the drying time. On the other hand, when the grain mass is increased, the drying time elevates. The air velocity and mass of the grain that results in the fastest drying time are 6 m/s and 2 kg. The time required for achieving the water content of 13.6% is 30 menit. At the air velocity of 4 m/s, and the grain masses of 1 kg, 2 kg, and 3 kg, to achieve moisture contents of 13.4%, 13.5% and 13.4% the drying time needs 50 minutes.

scholarly journals Processes of Heat and Mass Transfer During Grain Mass Storage in Metal Silos of Large Capacity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Kechkin ◽  
Vladimir Ermolaev ◽  
Marina Belyaeva ◽  
Valentina Tarakanova ◽  
Elena Gurkovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Mass Storage ◽  
Large Capacity ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Grain Temperature

This study showed that there were some changes in the temperature and humidity parameters of wheat grains during the storage year. The grain moisture content in both the near-wall and central parts of the metal silo largely did not change, remaining at a level of 10-11%. Moisture values were recorded monthly, and grain temperature was recorded in accordance with seasonal changes, thus, the range of temperature changes was from 20 to 32°С at a minimum outdoor temperature of 5°С. The moisture content of the grain in the surface layer increased by 0.4-1.2% and the final moisture content of the grain was 11.6%. Experiments on grain temperature and humidity changes with active ventilation in large-capacity metal silos have shown that the rate of change (decrease) in temperature depends on the specific air flow rate, and the difference in air and grain temperature. Experimental storage showed that a grain with the moisture content up to 13.6% can be stored for up to nine months without deterioration in quality. A longer shelf life is possible for wheat grains with a moisture content of up to 12%. This article pays special attention to the processes occurring in the under-roof space of large-capacity metal silos and suggests methods for solving this problem. Keywords: long-term storage, active ventilation, metal silos, heat and mass transfer processes

Control of Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) and Field Mint (Mentha arvensis) with Glyphosate Applied Preharvest

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry A. Ivany ◽  
Douglas J. Doohan
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Mentha Arvensis ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
One Year

Field experiments showed that quackgrass could be controlled by glyphosate applied preharvest to barley. In separate experiments, field mint was controlled by glyphosate applied pre- and postharvest to barley and wheat. Suppression of quackgrass regrowth one year following treatment was 90% or greater when glyphosate was applied at 0.9 kg ai/ha alone or at 0.45 kg ai/ha in combination with both tallow amine ethoxylate at 0.5% of total spray volume and ammonium sulfate at 3 kg/ha. Field mint shoot counts were reduced 84% the year following treatment when glyphosate was applied at 0.25 kg ai/ha and 95% when applied at 1.0 kg ai/ha. Suppression of field mint shoot regrowth the following year was 84% when glyphosate was applied postharvest and 93% when applied preharvest. Addition of tallow amine ethoxylate did not improve field mint control. Glyphosate applied preharvest to barley and wheat at less than 30% grain moisture content had no effect on grain yield.

scholarly journals The biochemical changes in legumes during high-temperature micronization

10.5219/1629 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 555-565
Author(s):  
Otari Sesikashvili ◽  
Elene Gamkrelidze ◽  
Nodari Mardaleishvili ◽  
Gia Dadunashvili ◽  
Shalva Tsagareishvili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
White Lupine

The article considers the change in chemical and biological characteristics in some legumes grains, under conditions of high-temperature micronization with different moisture contents during heat treatment with infrared rays. The heat treatment of grains was carried out on a laboratory apparatus with a quartz radiant infrared panel. The temperature variation in the heat treatment zone occurred due to changing the distance between the panel and the surface of grains. The grain temperature was determined using a laser thermometer, and with a timer. To determine chemical and biological characteristics, we used a special optical density metering device. We have studied: 1. The dependence of starch content on the temperature in the changing initial moisture content. We found that after 30 seconds of high-temperature micronization of, “Tsanava“ beans at a grain moisture content of 12.7%, the starch content in the grain increases from 39.65% to 40.12%, then gradually decreases, and at 18.3% moisture content, it increases from 38.71% to 41.2%, with a moisture content of 28.6% it increases from 37.36% to 42.42%. Similar processes are also observed for the beans “field red“ and “white lupine“; 2. The dependence of glucose content on the temperature in the changing initial moisture content. As the mass fraction of starch decreases, the percentage of sugar (in terms of the equivalent amount of glucose) at a moisture content of 12.7% at the initial stage increases from 1.36% to 1.46%, and then the percentage of sugar increases relatively quickly to 1.64%, at a moisture content of 18.3% it increases from 1.3% to 1.38%, and then increases to 1.51, with a moisture content of 28.6%, it increases from 1.28% to 1.35% and then increases to 1.54. Similar processes are also observed for the beans “field red“ and “white lupine“.

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