scholarly journals Blood and bone parameters of cattle fed diets containing different phosphates and phosphorus: fluorine relations

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-105
Author(s):  
Alexandre de Oliveira TEIXEIRA ◽  
Fernando de Paula LEONEL ◽  
Rainer KNOOP ◽  
Leonardo Marmo MOREIRA ◽  
Everton Teixeira RIBEIRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Fluorine Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Bone Parameters ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
High Fluorine Content ◽  
Haversian Canals

<p>Forty-nine male calves were allotted in a randomized design, being that initially were performed seven replicates per treatment. At the end of the experiment were slaughtered four animals per treatment. The treatments were designed as following: CONT: control diet; DC120: Dicalcium Phosphate 120:1 ratio P: F; MDCP60: Monodicalcium Phosphate 60:1 ratio P: F; DC30: Dicalcium Phosphate 30:1 ratio P: F; TSP30: Triple Superphosphate 30:1 ratio P: F; DC10: Dicalcium Phosphate 10:1 ratio P: F; PRC10: phosphate rock concentrate of 10:1 of relation P: F. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of animals who consumed PRC10 diet was greater than the ALP of animals that consumed TSP30, DC10 and DC120. This result was obtained with animals with 650 days of confinement. The ALP of the animals that consumed PRC10 was greater at 866 days than in the animals consuming TSP30 and DC120 diets. The ash content was greater in the DC10 diet and the diets CAR10 and DC120 achieved the lowest value. The fluorine content in bone was higher in diet DC10, while the diets DC120, PRC10 and MDCP60 obtained the lower values. The area of Haversian canals and the relation Havers/Osteon area were higher in the diet DC30 and the lowest value was encountered in DC10. The mottled teeth were more intensely observed in the treatments DC10 and PRC10. It was concluded that high fluorine content in the diet increases the deposition of fluorine in bones, which negatively affects in the histological parameters of teeth and bones of beef cattle.</p>

scholarly journals Bone histomorphometry of broilers submitted to different phosphorus sources in growing and finisher rations

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1517-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Carvalho de Oliveira ◽  
Luciano da Fontoura Costa ◽  
Evandro Abreu Fernandes ◽  
Bauer Oliveira e Alvarenga ◽  
Sérgio Russo Matioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Histomorphometry ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Fluorine Content ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Monoammonium Phosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Sources ◽  
Area Increase ◽  
Histological Images ◽  
Different Sources

The objective of this work was to identify alterations in the histomorphology of the cortical bone tissue of broilers submitted to growing and finisher rations formulated with five different sources of phosphorus: dicalcium phosphate, simple superphosphate, triple superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate and Araxá rock phosphate. Histological images had their components segmented, and were called regions of interest (ROI). Images were analyzed through developed algorithms, using the SCILAB mathematical environment. Eleven features were considered in order to obtain a complete description of the bone images: percentage of bone by area, ROI area, ROI perimeters, ROI elongation, ROI angle and their respective standard deviations, besides entropy of ROI angles and a texture-oriented measure (lacunarity). The substitution of dicalcium phosphate in growing and finisher rations for any other tested source of phosphorus caused significant changes on the hystomorphology of the cortical broilers bones, for example: diminution of bone percentage by area, increase of lacuna area and worse matrix homogeneity. Changes were more pronounced in the Araxá rock phosphate treatments, with the highest fluorine content, than in simple superphosphate, triple superphosphate and monoammonium phosphate treatments, which were similar.

scholarly journals Mineral deposition in tissues of cattle fed with different phosphates and relationships phosphorus: fluorine

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre de Oliveira Teixeira ◽  
Fernando de Paula Leonel ◽  
Rainer Knoop ◽  
Vanusa Patrícia de Araújo Ferreira ◽  
Everton Teixeira Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Content ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Iron Aluminum ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Mineral Deposition ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Triple Phosphate

Forty-nine male calves were allotted in a randomized design, initially seven replicates per treatment at the end of the experiment were slaughtered four animals per treatment. Treatments CONT: control diet; FBC120: Dicalcium Phosphate 120:1 ratio P: F; MBC60: Monodicalcium phosphate 60:1 ratio P:F; FBC30: Dicalcium Phosphate 30:1 ratio P:F; SFT30: Super triple phosphate 30:1 ratio P:F; FBC10: Dicalcium Phosphate 10:1 ratio P:F; CAR10: concentrated ratio of 10:1 rock Q:F. Phosphates less elaborate showed higher amounts of heavy metals. In bones, iron, aluminum and lead were higher in FBC10 diet, the copper content was higher in animals fed the diet MBC60. Magnesium in liver was higher in animals fed diet FBC30, aluminum was higher for treatments SFT30 and FBC10, FBC120 and the cadmium and lead levels were higher in animals that received STF30. Treatments did not affect phosphorus and fluorine in muscle and heart, being that chromium was higher in the muscle of animals fed diets CAR10 and STF30 while cadmium in heart was greater in diet CAR10. Kidney phosphorus was higher in the animals fed the diet CAR10 and lower dietary FBC10, while aluminum was higher in the animals fed with the diet FBC10 and lower dietary FBC120 and levels of chromium and lead were higher in animals CAR10 diet and lowest in diet MBC60. Alternative sources of phosphorus and low ratios P:F increased the deposition of minerals in bones and liver, and this mineral deposition was lower in the muscles.

scholarly journals Phosphorus Leaching in an Acid Tropical Soil “Recapitalized” with Phosphate Rock and Triple Superphosphate

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1498-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gikonyo ◽  
A.R. Zaharah ◽  
M.M. Hanafi ◽  
R. Anuar
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Column Experiment ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Column Experiment ◽  
P Leaching ◽  
The Right

With high rates of phosphorus applied to increase “capital P” as a stock for plant uptake over several years, the question of P leaching is inevitable. We conducted an intact soil column experiment in the field to evaluate P leached from soils treated with triple superphosphate (TSP) and Gafsa phosphate rock (GPR) at 300, 600, and 900 kg P ha-1with and without integration of cattle manure. The lysimeters, made from PVC tubes of 30-cm length, were inserted into the soil up to the 25-cm depth. The tubes were fitted with a resin bag containing a mixture of cation and anion exchange resin (50:50) at the lower end of the tube inserted into the soil. The tubes, arranged in a completely randomized design, were sampled randomly at 10-week intervals for 12 months. Phosphorus extractable from the top- and subsoil at the end of experiment and leached P were determined. More P was leached out from TSP (threefold) compared to GPR, and the amount of P leached increased with increasing rates of P fertilizer applied. Application of manure intensified the amounts of P leached from TSP, particularly at the 6-month sampling time. There was hardly any substantial P leached from the soil treated with GPR. Thus, for effective and efficient long-term P fertilizer management strategies, choosing the right P fertilizer source and monitoring P losses through leaching has to be done for enhanced fertilizer use efficiency and thus reducing P pollution of ground waters.

KARAKTERISTIK BROWNIES KUKUS TEPUNG JEWAWUT (Setarica italica) DAN TEPUNG MAIZENA DENGAN PENGARUH LAMA PROSES PENGUKUSAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernaulli Putri Mulyanto ◽  
Yustina Wuri Wulandari ◽  
Akhmad Mustofa
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Corn Flour ◽  
Process Duration ◽  
Flour Protein ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

      Brownies merupakan cake coklat yang terbuat dari tepung terigu, lemak, telur, gula pasir dan coklat. Metode pemasakan brownies ada dua yaitu pemanggangan dan pengukusan. Penelitian ini menggunakan tepung jewawut dan tepung maizena agar dihasilkan brownies kukus bebas gluten. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui formulasi tepung yang memiliki kadar protein tertinggi pada brownies dan untuk mengetahui lama pengukusan yang optimal sehingga menghasilkan brownies kukus tepung jewawut dan tepung jagung yang paling disukai. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan dua faktorial yaitu faktor pertama ratio tepung jewawut dan tepung jagung (50:50, 40:60 dan 30:70), sedangkan faktor kedua lama pengukusan (30 menit, 40 menit dan 50 menit). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Brownies kukus tepung jewawut dan tepung jagung dengan ratio 50:50 dan lama pengukusan 50 menit merupakan ratio yang terbaik karena memiliki kadar protein paling tinggi yaitu 5.828%.  Pada perlakuan ini menghasilkan 19.967% kadar air, 1.585% kadar abu, 1.786% gula total, serta uji organoleptik terhadap warna 3.590 (coklat gelap), tekstur 3.340 (lembut), flavor jewawut 2.855 (sedikit terasa) dan kesukaan keseluruhan 3.285 (disukai). Kata kunci : Brownies, tepung jewawut, tepung jagung, kadar protein.  ABSTRACT      Brownies is chocolate cakes made from flour, fat, eggs, sugar and chocolate. There are two methods of cooking brownies namely roasting and steaming. This study uses millet flour and maizena flour to produced gluten free steamed brownies. This study aims to determine the best of flour formulated which has highest protein content in steamed brownies and to knew the optimal steaming time that produced the most favored  of  steamed brownies millet flour and  corn flour. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factorials, the first factor is ratio of millet flour and corn flour (50:50, 40:60 and 30:70), while the second factor was the duration of steaming process (30, 40 and 50 minutes). The result of the study showed steamed flour of millet flour and corn flour with ratio of 50:50 and with steamed process duration 50 minutes is the best ratio because it had the highest protein content of 5.828%.  In this treatment yielded 19.97% moisture content, 1.585% ash content, 1.786% total sugar and organoleptic test is 3.590 (dark chocolate) colors, 3.340 (soft) texture, 2.855 (slightly felt) millet flavors and 3.285 (preferred) overall preferences. Keywords :  Brownies, millet flour, corn flour, protein content

ALTERNATIVE P-FERTILISERS FOR NORTHLAND SOILS

1986 ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
P.W. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Distribution Costs ◽  
Phosphate Retention ◽  
Sechura Phosphate Rock ◽  
Local Product ◽  
Application Frequency ◽  
Chatham Rise Phosphorite

Increasing material, processing, and distribution costs have raised superphosphate prices to a point where many farms cannot support the costs of meeting maintenance phosphate requires men& Alternatives to superphosphate, particularly those that have lower processing costs and contain more P, may offer a solution to the problem provided they are agronomically as effective. Phosphate rock may indeed be such an alternative. Preliminary results from a series of five trials in Northland show that on soils of moderate P fertility, with low phosphate retention (PR) and high pH (5.9.6.0), initial pasture growth responses to rock phosphates are smaller than those from single or triple superphosphate. On one soil of higher PR and lower pH, the differences in yield between the rock-phosphates and the super. phosphates were smaller. Of the rock phosphates tested, Sechura and North Carolina (unground and ungranulated) tended to be more effective than ground and granulated Chatham Rise phosphorite. The effect on production of applying fertilisers once every three years, as opposed to annual applications is being investigated using triple superphosphate and Sechura phosphate rock. After two years, production levels appear largely unaffected by differences in application frequency. A comparison of locally-produced superphosphate with a reference standard showed that both performed similarly, indicating that the local product was of satisfactory quality.

PROPERTIES IMPROVEMENT AND HYDROPHOBICITY PREVENTION OF PEAT SOIL IN OIL PALM PLANTATION THROUGH STEEL SLAG APPLICATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Winarna Winarna ◽  
Iput Pradiko ◽  
Muhdan Syarovy ◽  
Fandi Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Four Levels

Development of oil palm plantation on peatland was faced with hydrophobicity problem caused by over drained. Hydrophobicity could reduce water retention and nutrient availability in the peat soil. Beside of proper water management application, addition of soil ameliorant which contain iron could increase stability and improve peat soil fertility. The study was conducted to obtain the effect of steel slag on peat soil properties and hydrophobicity. In this study, peat soil was incorporated with steel slag and incubated in 60 days period. The research was employed completely randomized design (CRD) factorial 2 x 2 x 4. First factor is peat maturity consists of two levels: sapric (S) and hemic (H), while the second factor is soil moisture which also consist of two levels: field capacity (W1) and dry (under the critical water content) (W2). The third factor is steel slag dosage which consist of four levels: 0 g pot (TB0), 7.17 g pot (TB1), 14.81 g -1 -1 pot (TB2), and 22.44 g pot (TB3). The result showed that application of steel slag significantly increase of soil pH, ash content, and water retention at pF 4.2. Furthermore, application of steel slag significantly reduce time for water reabsorption (wettability) in sapric. On the other hand, there are negative corellation between water penetration and soil pH, ash content, and water retention at pF 4.2. Overall, application of steel slag could increase wettability and prevent peat soil hydrophobicity.

scholarly journals PSVI-24 Immunological Effects of a Purified 1,3/1,6 β-glucan Supplementation in Retorted Canine Diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 313-313
Author(s):  
Zac Traughber ◽  
Fei He ◽  
Maria R C de Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Diet Formulation ◽  
Respective Treatment ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Yeast cell wall products are common functional ingredients capable of “priming” the immune system, specifically in reference to vaccine efficacy. Twenty-four adult, female Beagles were used in a completely randomized design. Three retorted diets were used: control diet (CON), CON plus β-glucan top-dressed daily upon time of feeding (C+B), and CON plus retorted β-glucan included in diet formulation (BG). Following a 7 d adaptation to CON, dogs were fed their respective treatment diets for 42 d and were challenged with an oral Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine on d 14 with blood collections on d 0, 21, 28, and 42. The objectives of the present study were 1) to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of a yeast β-1,3/1,6 glucan (150 ppm) on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of macronutrients, fecal microbiota, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC; T-cells, B-cells, and monocytes) of adult dogs and, 2) to test the effects of retorting on the efficacy of these β-glucans. All diets were well-accepted by all dogs. ATTD of both dry matter and crude protein were greater (P &lt; 0.05) for BG than CON and with greater (P &lt; 0.05) energy digestibility for BG than both B+G and CON. Additionally, fecal short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids, ammonia, indole and phenol concentrations did not differ among treatments. No significant treatment by time interactions among treatment groups were observed for any analyzed PBMC. These data suggest that a 150 ppm inclusion of this yeast-derived β-glucan had no detrimental effects on ATTD, fecal characteristics and metabolites, nor any analyzed PBMC; however, due to the absence of differences in immune parameters among treatments, the effect of retorting on the efficacy of this product cannot confidently be assessed with these findings. Higher doses of yeast-derived β-glucan might be needed to elicit an immunological modulation in healthy adult dogs.

The agronomic effectiveness of reactive phosphate rocks 1. Effect of the pasture environment

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 921 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. G Sale ◽  
R. J. Gilkes ◽  
M. D. A. Bolland ◽  
P. G. Simpson ◽  
D. C. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Agronomic Effectiveness ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
Reactive Phosphate ◽  
Reactive Phosphate Rock ◽  
Very High

Summary. The agronomic effectiveness of directly applied North Carolina reactive phosphate rock was determined for 4 years from annual dry matter responses at 26 permanent pasture sites across Australia as part of the National Reactive Phosphate Rock Project. Fertiliser comparisons were based on the substitution value of North Carolina reactive phosphate rock for triple superphosphate (the SV50). The SV50 was calculated from fitted response curves for both fertilisers at the 50% of maximum yield response level of triple superphosphate. The reactive phosphate rock was judged to be as effective as triple superphosphate in the 1st year (and every year thereafter) at 4 sites (SV50 >0.9), and was as effective by the 4th year at 5 sites. At another 9 sites the reactive phosphate rock was only moderately effective with SV50 values between 0.5 and 0.8 in the 4th year, and at the final 8 sites it performed poorly with the 4th year SV50 being less than 0.5. Pasture environments where the reactive phosphate rock was effective in the 1st year were: (i) those on sandy, humic or peaty podsols with an annual rainfall in excess of 850 mm; (ii) those on soils that experienced prolonged winter inundation and lateral surface flow; and (iii) tropical grass pastures in very high rainfall areas (>2300 mm) on the wet tropical coast on North Queensland. The highly reactive North Carolina phosphate rock became effective by the 4th year at sites in southern Australia where annual rainfall exceeded 700 mm, and where the surface soil was acidic [pH (CaCl2) <5.0] and not excessively sandy (sand fraction in the A1 horizon <67%) but had some phosphorus (P) sorption capacity. Sites that were unsuitable for reactive phosphate rock use in the medium term (up to 4 years at least) were on very high P-sorbing krasnozem soils or high P-sorbing lateritic or red earth soils supporting subterranean-clover-dominant pasture, or on lower rainfall (< 600 mm) pastures growing on soils with a sandy A1 horizon (sand component >84%). No single environmental feature adequately predicted reactive phosphate rock performance although the surface pH of the soil was most closely correlated with the year-4 SV50 (r = 0.67). Multiple linear regression analysis found that available soil P (0–10 cm) and the P sorption class of the surface soil (0–2 cm), together with annual rainfall and a measure of the surface soil"s ability to retain moisture, could explain about two-thirds of the variance in the year-4 SV50 . The results from this Project indicate that there are a number of specific pasture environments in the higher rainfall regions of Australia where North Carolina reactive phosphate rock can be considered as an effective substitute P fertiliser for improved pasture.

PSXIV-14 Supplementation of high-grain diet with red osier dogwood affects in vitro digestibility and fermentation characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 477-477
Author(s):  
Wenzhu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Rumen Acidosis ◽  
Barley Silage ◽  
And Control

Abstract Red osier dogwood (ROD) is a native shrub plant rich in phenolic compounds with antimicrobial properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of substituting barley silage with either raw ROD or ROD extract (RODE) in high-grain (HG) diet under a low media pH (5.8) on gas production (GP), dry matter (DM) disappearance (DMD) and fermentation characteristics in batch cultures. The study was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments: 1) control diet (10% barley silage and 90% barley concentrate, DM basis), control diet supplemented with 2) monensin (30 mg/kg diet DM; positive control), 3) substitution of 3% ROD or 4) 3% RODE for an equal portion of silage. Inoculum was obtained from 2 ruminally fistulated beef heifers offered the HG diet. Substrate ground (1 mm) was incubated for 24 h and the experiment repeated twice. The GP did not differ among treatments (147 ml/g DM), but the DMD differed (P &lt; 0.02) at highest for control (69.4%), lowest for ROD (58.4%) and intermediate for other treatments (64.1%). Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration (mM) tended (P&lt; 0.08) to be lower with ROD (80.5) and monensin (80.1) than control (83.9). Acetate proportion was greater (P = 0.02) with ROD (46.2%) and RODE (46.9%) than control (42.4%) and monensin (42.3%). However, the propionate proportion was greater (P = 0.05) with monensin (32.1%) than other treatments (averaged 30.1%). Consequently, acetate to propionate ratio (A:P) of ROD (1.52) and RODE (1.56) was higher than monensin (1.32; P &lt; 0.01) and control (1.44; P &lt; 0.08). Differences in variables measured between ROD and RODE were minimal. These results indicated that the decreased DMD along with increased A:P with addition of ROD or RODE suggests that both ROD and RODE may be beneficial to HG fed cattle for reducing risk of rumen acidosis without negatively impacting fibre digestion.

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