scholarly journals PSVI-24 Immunological Effects of a Purified 1,3/1,6 β-glucan Supplementation in Retorted Canine Diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 313-313
Author(s):  
Zac Traughber ◽  
Fei He ◽  
Maria R C de Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Diet Formulation ◽  
Respective Treatment ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Yeast cell wall products are common functional ingredients capable of “priming” the immune system, specifically in reference to vaccine efficacy. Twenty-four adult, female Beagles were used in a completely randomized design. Three retorted diets were used: control diet (CON), CON plus β-glucan top-dressed daily upon time of feeding (C+B), and CON plus retorted β-glucan included in diet formulation (BG). Following a 7 d adaptation to CON, dogs were fed their respective treatment diets for 42 d and were challenged with an oral Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine on d 14 with blood collections on d 0, 21, 28, and 42. The objectives of the present study were 1) to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of a yeast β-1,3/1,6 glucan (150 ppm) on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of macronutrients, fecal microbiota, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC; T-cells, B-cells, and monocytes) of adult dogs and, 2) to test the effects of retorting on the efficacy of these β-glucans. All diets were well-accepted by all dogs. ATTD of both dry matter and crude protein were greater (P < 0.05) for BG than CON and with greater (P < 0.05) energy digestibility for BG than both B+G and CON. Additionally, fecal short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids, ammonia, indole and phenol concentrations did not differ among treatments. No significant treatment by time interactions among treatment groups were observed for any analyzed PBMC. These data suggest that a 150 ppm inclusion of this yeast-derived β-glucan had no detrimental effects on ATTD, fecal characteristics and metabolites, nor any analyzed PBMC; however, due to the absence of differences in immune parameters among treatments, the effect of retorting on the efficacy of this product cannot confidently be assessed with these findings. Higher doses of yeast-derived β-glucan might be needed to elicit an immunological modulation in healthy adult dogs.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus acidophilus modulates inflammatory activity by regulating the TLR4 and NF-κB expression in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells after lipopolysaccharide challenge

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang In Lee ◽  
Hyun Soo Kim ◽  
Jin Mo Koo ◽  
In Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells

AbstractA total of forty weaned pigs ((Landrace×Yorkshire)×Duroc) were used to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus on inflammatory activity after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Experimental treatments were as follows: (T1) control diet+saline challenge; (T2) control diet with 0·1 % L. acidophilus+saline challenge; (T3) control diet+LPS challenge; and (T4) control diet with 0·1 % L. acidophilus+LPS challenge. On d-14, piglets were challenged with saline (T1 and T2) or LPS (T3 and T4). Blood samples were obtained at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 12 h after being challenged and analysed for immune cell cytokine production and gene expression pattern. The L. acidophilus treatment increased the average daily weight gain (ADWG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) compared with the control diet. With the control diet, the LPS challenge (T3) increased the number of immune cells and expression of TNF-α and IL-6 compared with the saline challenge (T1). Whereas with the saline challenge L. acidophilus treatment (T2) increased the number of leucocytes and CD4 compared with the control diet (T1), with the LPS challenge L. acidophilus treatment (T4) decreased the number of leucocytes, lymphocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ and expression of TNF-α and IL-6 compared with the control diet (T3). L. acidophilus treatment decreased the expression of TRL4 and NF-κB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after LPS challenge, which leads to inhibition of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8 and IL1B1 and to induction of IL-4 and IL-10. We suggested that L. acidophilus improved ADWG and ADFI and protected against LPS-induced inflammatory responses by regulating TLR4 and NF-κB expression in porcine PBMC.

scholarly journals Fecal microbiota transplantation increases colonic IL-25 and dampens tissue inflammation in patients with recurrent Clostridioides difficile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning-Jiun Jan ◽  
Noah Oakland ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Girija Ramakrishnan ◽  
Brian W. Behm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽  
The Impact

Background: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the most common hospital-acquired infection in the United States. Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis is the primary cause of susceptibility and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as an effective therapy for recurrence. We previously demonstrated in the mouse model of CDI that antibiotic-induced dysbiosis reduced colonic expression of IL-25, and that FMT protected in part by restoring gut commensal bacteria-mediated IL-25 signaling. Here we conducted a prospective clinical trial to test the impact of FMT on immunity, specifically testing in humans if FMT induced IL-25 expression in the colon. Methods: Subjects received colonic biopsies and blood sampling at the time of FMT and 60-days later. Colon biopsies were assayed for IL-25 by immunoassay, for mRNA by RNAseq, and for bacterial content by 16 S rDNA sequencing. High dimensional flow cytometry was also conducted on peripheral blood mononuclear cells pre- and post-FMT. Results: All 10 subjects who received FMT had no CDI recurrences over a 2 year follow-up post FMT. FMT increased alpha diversity of the colonic microbiota and was associated with several immunologic changes. The cytokine IL-25 was increased in colonic tissue. In addition, increased expression of homeostatic genes and repression of inflammatory genes was observed in colonic mRNA transcripts. Finally, circulating Th17 cells were decreased post-FMT. Conclusion: The increase in the cytokine IL-25 accompanied by decreased inflammation is consistent with FMT acting in part to protect from recurrent CDI via restoration of commensal activation of type 2 immunity.

scholarly journals An Isocaloric Nordic Diet Modulates RELA and TNFRSF1A Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome—A SYSDIET Sub-Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stine M. Ulven ◽  
Kirsten B. Holven ◽  
Amanda Rundblad ◽  
Mari C. W. Myhrstad ◽  
Lena Leder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Nordic Diet ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells

A healthy dietary pattern is associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and reduced inflammation. To explore this at the molecular level, we investigated the effect of a Nordic diet (ND) on changes in the gene expression profiles of inflammatory and lipid-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of individuals with MetS. We hypothesized that the intake of an ND compared to a control diet (CD) would alter the expression of inflammatory genes and genes involved in lipid metabolism. The individuals with MetS underwent an 18/24-week randomized intervention to compare a ND with a CD. Eighty-eight participants (66% women) were included in this sub-study of the larger SYSDIET study. Fasting PBMCs were collected before and after the intervention and changes in gene expression levels were measured using TaqMan Array Micro Fluidic Cards. Forty-eight pre-determined inflammatory and lipid related gene transcripts were analyzed. The expression level of the gene tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily member 1A (TNFRSF1A) was down-regulated (p = 0.004), whereas the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) subunit, RELA proto-oncogene, was up-regulated (p = 0.016) in the ND group compared to the CD group. In conclusion, intake of an ND in individuals with the MetS may affect immune function.

scholarly journals Comparative and Prospective Study of Different Immune Parameters in Healthy Subjects at Risk for Tuberculosis and in Tuberculosis Patients

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana P. Portales-Pérez ◽  
Lourdes Baranda ◽  
Esther Layseca ◽  
Nora Alma Fierro ◽  
Hortensia de la Fuente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Intracellular Detection

ABSTRACT It has not been fully elucidated which of the components of the immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is indicative of resistance or susceptibility. The aim of this study was to identify an immune parameter that could be indicative of either resistance or susceptibility to M. tuberculosis infection. We prospectively studied (three determinations, at months 0, 8, and 12) 15 patients with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis and 42 healthy individuals with a recent and frequent contact with tuberculosis patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with a whole-protein extract or the 30-kDa antigen of M. tuberculosis for 6 days, and several immune parameters were determined. No consistent differences between tuberculosis patients and healthy controls were detected in most immune parameters studied, including the expression of different activation antigens, cytokine secretion, lymphocyte proliferation, and nitric oxide production. However, the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor alpha, the intracellular detection of gamma interferon, and the apoptosis of monocytes under certain culture conditions tended to show clear-cut differences in cells from patients and controls (P < 0.05 in all cases for most determinations). Nevertheless, when results were analyzed on an individual basis, it was evident that a significant degree of overlapping of values from patients and controls occurred for all parameters studied. We conclude that although the immune parameters tested do not allow the identification of individuals susceptible to M. tuberculosis, the specificity and sensitivity of some of them could be improved through future studies.

Immunomodulatory Effects of Feed-Borne Fusarium Mycotoxins in Chickens Infected with Coccidia

2008 ◽  
Vol 233 (11) ◽  
pp. 1411-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
George N. Girgis ◽  
Shayan Sharif ◽  
John R. Barta ◽  
Herman J. Boermans ◽  
Trevor K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽  
Immune Parameters

The potential for Fusarium mycotoxins to modulate immunity was studied in chickens raised to 10 weeks of age using an enteric coccidial infection model. Experimental diets included: control, diets containing grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins, and diets containing contaminated grains + 0.2% polymeric glucomannan mycotoxin adsorbent (GMA). Contaminated diets contained up to 3.8 μg/g deoxynivalenol (DON), 0.3 μg/g 15-acetyl DON and 0.2 μg/g zearalenone. An optimized mixture (inducing lesions without mortality) of Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella was used to challenge birds at 8 weeks of age. Immune parameters were studied prior to challenge, at the end of the challenge period (7 days post-inoculation, PI), and at the end of the recovery period (14 days PI). Total serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG concentrations in challenged birds fed the contaminated diet were higher than controls at the end of the challenge period. Serum concentration of IgA, but not IgG, was significantly decreased at the end of the recovery period in birds fed the contaminated diet. The percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ cell populations in blood mononuclear cells decreased significantly at the end of the challenge period in birds fed the control or the contaminated diet compared to their percentages prior to challenge. The pre-challenge percentage of CD8+ population was restored at the end of the recovery period only in birds fed the control diet. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) gene expression in caecal tonsils was up-regulated in challenged birds fed the contaminated diet at the end of the challenge period. No significant effect of diet was observed on oocyst counts despite the changes in the studied immune parameters. It was concluded that Fusarium mycotoxins modulate the avian immune system. This modulation involves alteration of gene expression but apparently does not enhance susceptibility or resistance to a primary coccidial challenge.

scholarly journals Hypervolemia-Induced Immune Disturbances Do Not Involve IL-1ß but IL-6 and IL-10 Activation in Haemodialysis Patients

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Christof Ulrich ◽  
Annegret Wilke ◽  
Nadja Schleicher ◽  
Matthias Girndt ◽  
Roman Fiedler
Keyword(s):  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Electrical Bioimpedance ◽  
The Impact

Dysregulated fluid homeostasis is frequent in haemodialysis (HD) patients and is linked to inflammation which may be elicited by endotoxemia. The impact of hypervolemia on immune cells has not been studied in detail. Therefore, we analysed the hypervolemic activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in HD with special focus on the NLRP3 inflammasome response. First, 45 HD were included in the observational study. Immune parameters including cell counts, caspase-1, oxidative stress, cytokine gene expression and serum analysis (IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10) were all measured at two time points. Fluid status was evaluated by electrical bioimpedance vector analysis, defining hypervolemia (H) as >75 vector percentile. Then, 17 patients were classified as hypervolemic (H-HD), 19 as normovolemic (N-HD) and 9 failed to meet the inclusion criteria. Monocytes were elevated and lymphocytes were decreased by hypervolemia. NLRP3 inflammasome components, caspase-1 and IL-1ß expression were not statistically different between the two groups. Serum IL-6 levels were significantly elevated in H-HD. IL-10 mRNA transcripts were elevated by 2-fold in H-HD but were not efficiently translated. We conclude that the NLRP3 inflammasome is not activated by hypervolemia thus refuting the thesis that endotoxemia may be a main driver for inflammation in H-HD. Nevertheless, inflammation is generally higher in H-HD compared to N-HD patients and is not sufficiently balanced by anti-inflammatory mechanisms.

scholarly journals Endogenous control of inflammation characterizes pregnant women with asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara De Biasi ◽  
Domenico Lo Tartaro ◽  
Lara Gibellini ◽  
Annamaria Paolini ◽  
Andrew Quong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Endogenous Control ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules ◽  
Normal Immune Response

Abstract In 14 pregnant women who had asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, we performed a detailed 38-parameter analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by mass cytometry, studied the expression of T-cell master regular genes, investigated cell proliferation and cytokine production, and measured plasma levels of 62 cytokines. No patient showed lymphopenia or gross alterations of white blood cells. Unsupervised analyses revealed that most immune parameters were similar in patients and uninfected controls, apart from an increase in low density neutrophils in SARS-CoV-2 positive women. Also, patients did not show altered plasma levels of interleukin-6 or other main inflammatory molecules, but displayed significant increases of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1RA, IL-10 and IL-19, and decreased levels of IL-17, PD-L1 and D-dimer. The endogenous control of inflammation, as evidenced by plasma levels of soluble molecules, could be a strategy used during pregnancy to avoid virus-induced damages and maintain a normal immune response.

scholarly journals Characterization of biological variation of peripheral blood immune cytome in an Indian cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parna Kanodia ◽  
Gurvinder Kaur ◽  
Poonam Coshic ◽  
Kabita Chatterjee ◽  
Teresa Neeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Immune Cell Subsets ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
One Year ◽  
Adult Volunteers

Abstract Immune parameters show characteristic normal baseline levels and variance in the population. We characterised the degree of inter-individual and within-individual variation over one-year time period in 33 immune cell subsets by flow cytometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 43 healthy young adult volunteers. Our analysis revealed that immune subsets that showed low variability between individuals also showed low short-term fluctuations within-individuals, as well as concordance in siblings. However, when baseline levels and degree of fluctuation were considered together, individuals failed to cluster into discreet groups. Together, the data reveal complex inter-relationships between immune subsets in individuals, and provide insights into the observed heterogeneity between individuals and between multiple immune subsets.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Short-Term NMN Supplementation on Serum Metabolism, Fecal Microbiota, and Telomere Length in Pre-Aging Phase

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Min Niu ◽  
Tongtong Bao ◽  
Lumin Gao ◽  
Meng Ru ◽  
Yumeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Term Administration

Aging is a natural process with concomitant changes in the gut microbiota and associate metabolomes. Beta-nicotinamide mononucleotide, an important NAD+ intermediate, has drawn increasing attention to retard the aging process. We probed the changes in the fecal microbiota and metabolomes of pre-aging male mice (C57BL/6, age: 16 months) following the oral short-term administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). Considering the telomere length as a molecular gauge for aging, we measured this in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of pre-aging mice and human volunteers (age: 45–60 years old). Notably, the NMN administration did not influence the body weight and feed intake significantly during the 40 days in pre-aging mice. Metabolomics suggested 266 upregulated and 58 downregulated serum metabolites. We identified 34 potential biomarkers linked with the nicotinamide, purine, and proline metabolism pathways. Nicotinamide mononucleotide significantly reduced the fecal bacterial diversity (p &lt; 0.05) with the increased abundance of Helicobacter, Mucispirillum, and Faecalibacterium, and lowered Akkermansia abundance associated with nicotinamide metabolism. We propose that this reshaped microbiota considerably lowered the predicated functions of aging with improved immune and cofactors/vitamin metabolism. Most notably, the telomere length of PBMC was significantly elongated in the NMN-administered mice and humans. Taken together, these findings suggest that oral NMN supplementation in the pre-aging stage might be an effective strategy to retard aging. We recommend further studies to unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms and comprehensive clinical trials to validate the effects of NMN on aging.

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