scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE NEUROTOXIC EFFECTS OF PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY ON THE SPINAL CORD

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-180
Author(s):  
HERTON RODRIGO TAVARES COSTA ◽  
ELAINE APARECIDA DEL BEL BELLUZ GUIMARÃES ◽  
ANTÔNIO CLAUDIO TEDESCO ◽  
FERNANDO LUCAS PRIMO ◽  
CÉLIA APARECIDA DA SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Dura Mater ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
Pathological Evaluation ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the dura mater using the photosensitizers aluminum chloride phthalocyanine and methylene blue in in vivo assays. Methods Fifty-six male Wistar rats were divided into two groups; one submitted to PDT and the other submitted to the photosensitizers without their photoactivation (control). The photosensitizers were applied to the dura mater after laminectomy at the T10 level. The methods used for assessment were the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) functional evaluation scale and study of the dura mater by light microscopy. Results No changes in motor activity were observed in the animals submitted to PDT compared to control. Histological and pathological evaluation did not show any differences between the group exposed to activated photosensitizers and the control group with regard to the inflammatory process and tissue necrosis. Conclusion The joint use of PDT with the photosensitizing pharmaceuticals aluminum chloride phthalocyanine and methylene blue did not induce any clinical neurotoxic effects or histological changes in the dura mater of the animals studied. Level de evidence V; Expert Opnion.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial effect of methylene blue formulations with oxygen carrier at different pHs: preliminary study

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. Process
Author(s):  
Jessica Klöckner Knorst ◽  
Gabriela Scarton Barriquello ◽  
Marcos Antônio Villetti ◽  
Roberto Christ Vianna Santos ◽  
Karla Zanini Kantorski
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Multispecies Biofilms

Objective: Evaluate methylene blue (MB) formulations containing oxygen carrier at different pHs in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Material and Methods: Biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 formed over acrylics specimens during five days were treated with aPDT using different formulations: MB/pH 7.4; MB/pH 5.6; MB/carrier pH 7.4; MB/carrier pH 5.6. Biofilms not exposed to treatment were used as a control. Blind examiner for the experimental groups performed the counting of colonies per ml suspension (CFU/ml). Two-way ANOVA was used to determine the effect of factors solvent (carrier vs water) and pH (7.4 vs 5.6). One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey’s test was used to evaluate differences among the five groups (control; MB/carrier pH 7.4; MB pH 7.4; MB/carrier pH 5.6; MB pH 5.6). The Statistics 8.0 software was used (P<0.05). Results: All of photodynamic therapy groups showed significant reduction in P. aeruginosa compared to the control group. The solvent factor was not significant (P=0.18), while the pH factor presented statistical significance (P=0.01). When the carrier was used, MB formulation at pH 7.4 presented a statistically greater reduction of P. aeruginosa than the formulation with pH 5.6. Conclusion: The PDT using methylene blue formulations with oxygen carrier demonstrated potential for the treatment of localized infections by P. aeruginosa. MB formulations with oxygen carrier and pH 7.4 resulted in higher antimicrobial effect and should be considered for future studies with multispecies biofilms.  KeywordsAntimicrobial photodynamic therapy; biofilm; laser; Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

scholarly journals PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAGING LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe Vera) TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN ULSERASI MUKOSA MULUT PADA MALE WISTAR RATS

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Laila Fitrotuz Zahroh ◽  
Rahmawati Sri Praptiningsih ◽  
Moh. Baehaqi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: Oral mucosa ulceration which often occurs usually in the form of white-yellowish spot with concave surface, reddish edge and pain. Based on previous research, Aloe vera process anti-inflammation substance that could help quickening ulceration healing process. This research aims to know the effect of Aloe vera flesh extract on Male wistar rats oral mucosa ulceration in-vivo. Method: this research was quasi experimental research with the post-test only control group design using Male wistar rats as the testing animal. In the research, there were three treatment groups: The first groups which was given aquadest treatment, second groups with Aloe vera flesh extract, and third groups which was given chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2% treatment. The data collecting was based on histopathology observation concerning the increase of fibroblast quantity. Result: The research result based on comparison test among the three groups with One Way Anova showed that on Day 3th, the average quantity of fibroblast didn't have significant difference between the treatment group and control group positive that was p>0,05, meanwhile on Day 7th every group showed significant difference p<0,05. Conclusion: It concluded that Aloe vera flesh extract has influence on the healing of Male wistar rats oral mucosa ulceration as shown by fibroblast increasing quantity.

scholarly journals Adverse Effects of Methylene Blue on the Central Nervous System

2008 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 684-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laszlo Vutskits ◽  
Adrian Briner ◽  
Paul Klauser ◽  
Eduardo Gascon ◽  
Alexandre G. Dayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cultures ◽  
Dendritic Arbor ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Impact

Background An increasing number of clinical observations suggest adverse neurologic outcome after methylene blue (MB) infusion in the setting of parathyroid surgery. Hence, the aim of the current study was to investigate the potentially neurotoxic effects of MB using a combination of in vivo and in vitro experimental approaches. Methods Isoflurane-anesthetized adult rats were used to evaluate the impact of a single bolus intravascular administration of MB on systemic hemodynamic responses and on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane using the tail clamp test. In vivo, MB-induced cell death was evaluated 24 h after MB administration using Fluoro-Jade B staining and activated caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. In vitro, neurotoxic effects of MB were examined in hippocampal slice cultures by measuring excitatory field potentials as well as propidium iodide incorporation after MB exposure. The impact of MB on dendritic arbor was evaluated in differentiated single cell neuronal cultures. Results Bolus injections of MB significantly reduced isoflurane MAC and initiated widespread neuronal apoptosis. Electrophysiologic recordings in hippocampal slices revealed a rapid suppression of evoked excitatory field potentials by MB, and this was associated with a dose-dependent effect of this drug on cell death. Dose-response experiments in single cell neuronal cultures revealed that a 2-h-long exposure to MB at non-cell-death-inducing concentrations could still induce significant retraction of dendritic arbor. Conclusions These results suggest that MB exerts neurotoxic effects on the central nervous system and raise questions regarding the safety of using this drug at high doses during parathyroid gland surgery.

scholarly journals Photodynamic Therapy Enhanced the Antitumor Effects of Berberine on HeLa Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Qing Liu ◽  
Ya-Wen An ◽  
A-Zhen Hu ◽  
Ming-Hua Li ◽  
Guang-Hui Cui
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
And Control

AbstractIn this study we investigated the antineoplastic effects of Berberine (BBR)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) on HeLa cells and its related mechanisms. The CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the proliferation and apoptosis of cells respectively. In addition, changes in protein expression levels were assessed using western blot. BBR at dose of 10 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally to mice with tumors and PDT treatments were performed 24 hours later. In vivo imaging systems were used to evaluate the fluorescence of BBR. In vitro, PDT significantly enhanced the effects of BBR on inducing cell apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation. The in vivo results showed that the fluorescence intensity in the PDT group was decreased compared with that in the BBR group. Tumor weights and tumor size in the PDT group were less than those in the control group; however, when BBR was applied without PDT, no significant differences were observed between the BBR and control group. The results of western blot showed that PDT enhanced the inhibitory effects of BBR on the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, that may partly explain the potential underlying mechanisms.

Kolaviron, a biflavonoid fraction from Garcinia kola, protects against isoproterenol-induced injury by mitigating cardiac dysfunction and oxidative stress in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatosin Adekunle Adaramoye ◽  
Semiu Olasoju Lawal
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Phosphokinase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
Serum Creatine Phosphokinase ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Group 1

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of kolaviron (KV), a biflavonoid fromForty-two male Wistar rats (180–200 g) were randomly divided into seven groups of six rats each. Group 1 served as control; group 2 received ISO (85 mg/kg subcutaneously); groups 3, 4 and 5 received ISO and KV1 [100 mg/kg orally (p.o.)], KV2 (200 mg/kg, p.o.) and QUE (25 mg/kg, p.o.), respectively; and groups 6 and 7 received QUE and KV2, respectively.Administration of ISO caused significant (p<0.05) elevation of serum creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase by 2.2-, 1.9-, 2.1-, 1.9- and 1.7-fold, respectively, relative to controls, with a concomitant decrease in cardiac activities of these enzymes. Administration of ISO led to significant decrease (p<0.05) in the levels of cardiac superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathioneKV protects against ISO-induced cardiotoxicity in vivo, suggesting its usefulness as a possible chemoprophylactic agent against cardiotoxic drugs.

Arsenic-induced toxicity: effect on protein composition in sciatic nerve

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 667-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Vahidnia ◽  
F Romijn ◽  
M Tiller ◽  
G B van der Voet ◽  
F A de Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Arsenic Compounds ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Sciatic Nerves ◽  
L Proteins

Exposure to arsenic compounds may lead to skin and lung cancer and various disorders such as vascular disease and peripheral neuropathy in humans. Peripheral arsenic neurotoxicity has been demonstrated clinically and in electrophysiological studies. Patients intoxicated with arsenic show neurological symptoms in their feet and hands. These patients show significantly lower nerve conduction velocities (NCVs) in their peripheral nerves in comparison with controls. The mechanism of arsenic peripheral nervous system (PNS) toxicity, however, has never been described before. This is the first study to investigate the toxicity of arsenic on the PNS. Male Wistar rats were exposed to arsenite given as a single dose i.v. After sacrifice, sciatic nerves were excised and the protein composition was analysed. Protein analysis of sciatic nerves showed disappearance of neurofilament and fibroblast proteins in rats treated with arsenite doses of 15 and 20 mg/kg in comparison with the control groups. Some fibroblast protein bands had disappeared in the 20-mg/kg dose group. The analysed neurofilament-M and-L proteins decreased dose dependency over time. arsenic affects the composition of proteins in the rat sciatic nerve, especially the neurofilaments. The reduction of signals in Western blot analysis reveals changes in cytoskeletal composition, which may well lead to neurotoxic effects in vivo.

scholarly journals The problem of dose in homeopathy: evaluation of the effect of high dilutions of Arsenicum album 30cH on rats intoxicated with arsenic.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (33) ◽  
pp. 128-137
Author(s):  
Olney Leite Fontes ◽  
Fátima Cristiane Lopes Goularte Farhat ◽  
Amarilys Toledo Cesar ◽  
Marilisa Guimarães Lara ◽  
Maria Imaculada Lima Montebelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Living Organisms

Background: Although scientific studies have confirmed the action of homeopathic high dilutions in living organisms an endless debate on the choice of the most fitting dilution, the frequency of administration and the dose (amount of medicine) still remains. Aims: This study sought to assess the in vivo effect of 2 different concentrations of Arsenicum album 30cH in order to elucidate some problems in the homeopathic notion of dose. Methods: Male Wistar rats previously intoxicated with sodium arsenate by peritoneal injection were treated with undiluted Ars 30cH and Ars 30cH in 1% solution administered by oral route. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was employed to measure the levels of arsenic retained in the animals as well as the amounts eliminated through urine. Urine samples were collected before and after and during treatment. A positive control group (intoxicated animals) and negative control group (non-intoxicated animals) were administered only the vehicle used to prepare the medicine (ethanol). Results: The groups treated with undiluted Ars 30cH and Ars 30cH in 1% solution eliminated significant amounts of arsenic through urine when compared to the control groups. The group treated with undiluted Ars 30cH eliminated significantly higher amounts of arsenic than the group treated with the same medicine in 1% solution. Conclusion: These results suggest that undiluted Ars 30cH was more effective than in 1% solution in this experimental model.

scholarly journals The Activity of Cainito Leaves Ethanol Extract (Chrysophyllum cainito L.) on Wistar’s Total Erythrocites Induced Cyclophosphamide

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Heri Puguh Widodo ◽  
Ika Rahmawati Sutejo ◽  
Rini Riyanti
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Test Result

One of the commonly used chemotherapy drugs is cyclophosphamide. However, the use of cyclophosphamide can provide various toxic effects. The most common toxic effect of cyclophosphamide is bone marrow suppression with anemia as one of its markers. The antioxidant content of cainito leaf potentially increase the production of blood cells, especially erythrocytes. The aims of this study is determining the effectiveness of the cainito leaf ethanol extract against cyclophosphamide induced mouse erythrocyte count in vivo. A sample of 20 male wistar rats was divided into five groups; normal group, negative control group, and three groups of ethanol extract of cainito leaf with dose 100 mg/kgBW, 200 mg/kgBW, and 400 mg/kgBW were administered for one week followed by intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide with dose 50 mg/kgBW as much as one time. One Way Anova Test result showed a significance of 0.015 (p<0.05). However, the LSD test results showed no significant different results between the negative control group and the treatment group. The conclusion was that there was no difference in the amount of erythrocytes in mice given only cyclophosphamide with previous rats given cainito extract.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Combined With Antibiotic in the Treatment of Rats With Third-Degree Burns

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanjuan Zhao ◽  
Jinduo Ma ◽  
Yiyi Wang ◽  
Zehua Xu ◽  
Lu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Wound Tissue

Cationic porphyrin conjugate, protoporphyrin IX-methyl ethylenediamine derivative (PPIX-MED) has a potent photosensitive antibacterial effect on clinically isolated bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, (MRSA), Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study investigated (i) the PPIX-MED-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic effect on these three species in vitro and (ii) the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) combined with the use of an antibiotic on the healing in vivo of third-degree burns of rats with the wounds infected by these bacterial species. PPIX-MED exerted a potent inhibitory effect on the growth of the three bacterial species by producing reactive oxygen species when photoactivated. PPIX-MED-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PPIX-MED-aPDT) had high bacterial photoinactivation ability in vitro, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 15.6 μM PPIX-MED against each of the three types of bacteria and minimum bactericidal concentrations of 31.25 μM against MRSA and E. coli and 62.5 μM against P. aeruginosa. In rats with third-degree burns infected by a mixture of these bacteria, the bactericidal efficiency of PPIX-MED–aPDT-combined-with-antibiotic treatment was higher than that of antibiotic or aPDT treatment alone. This was confirmed by analysis of viable bacterial counts in wound tissue and blood. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that aPDT-combined-with-antibiotic treatment resulted in an obvious reduction in tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 levels compared with the no-treatment control group and the other treatment groups. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor and CD31 (a marker of neovascularization), expressed in burn wound tissue was higher in the aPDT-combined-with-antibiotic treatment group than in the other groups. PPIX-MED–aPDT has a promising bactericidal effect both in vitro and in vivo, and PPIX-MED–aPDT-combined-with-antibiotic treatment enhanced the healing of infected third-degree burns in rats.

scholarly journals In vivo killing of Staphylococcus aureus by toluidine blue-mediated photosensitization in an animal model wounds

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo de Tarso Camillo De Carvalho ◽  
Filipe Abdalla dos Reis ◽  
Ana Carulina Guimarães Belchior ◽  
Baldomero Antônio Kato da Silva ◽  
Daniel Martins Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

The aims of this study were to determine whether S. aureus could be killed by toluidine blue-mediated photosensitization in vivo in an animal model. Twelve Wistar rats divided into three groups (n = 12): Group I: Control Group, the wounds were made and submitted to the application of the laser without the drug photosensitizing; Group II: The implementation of wounds received the toluidine blue, without application of laser; Group III: it was used toluidine blue, and application of laser-Indio phosphide Gallium-Aluminum (InGaAIP)  660nm power and density of 20 Joules/cm2. Statistical analysis of CFU by analysis of variance Kruskal-Wallis test shows significant intraoperative difference, photodynamic therapy group (p 0, 05), the Dunns post hoc test shows significant difference between Group I when compared to Group II treated with LLLT (p 0001). The results of this study show that photodynamic therapy with toluidine blue has reduced the number of Staphylococcus aureus in vivo.

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