Temporal and Spatial Pattern of a Privet (Ligustrum vulgare) Invasion

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanying Zhao ◽  
Charles Goebel ◽  
John Cardina
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Invasion History ◽  
Cumulative Number

AbstractPrivet has escaped from cultivation and is invading natural areas throughout eastern North America. Understanding the pattern of invasion over time could help us develop more efficient management strategies. We studied the invasion history and spatial distribution pattern of privet by mapping age and spatial data for established patches in a 132-ha (326 ac) forested natural area in northeast Ohio. We determined the age of 331 geo-referenced patches by counting annual rings, and mapped them with corresponding land habitat. Age distribution and cumulative number of privet patches over about 40 yr showed three phases of invasion. The initial 19-yr lag phase was characterized as a dispersed spatial pattern (based on nearest neighbor analysis), with patches located mostly at edges of different habitats and open places. In a second phase of about 15 yr, an average of 19 patches were initiated yearly, in a pattern that trended towards clustered. The final phase began around 2007, as the rate of new patch establishment declined, possibly because of saturation of the suitable habitat. Establishment of new patches was not associated with specific habitats. Aggregation of patches with similar ages increased after 1998 and became significantly clustered. Mapping of clusters of old and young patches identified invasion hot spots and barriers. Results affirmed that the best time for invasive control is during the lag phase. By monitoring edge habitats associated with early establishment, managers might detect and control early invaders and delay the onset of the expansion phase.

Geospatial information informs bonobo conservation efforts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Nackoney ◽  
Jena Hickey ◽  
David Williams ◽  
Charly Facheux ◽  
Takeshi Furuichi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Pan Paniscus ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
République Démocratique Du Congo ◽  
Nous Montrons ◽  
Dynamic Conservation

The endangered bonobo (Pan paniscus), endemic to the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), is threatened by hunting and habitat loss. Two recent wars and ongoing conflicts in the DRC greatly challenge conservation efforts. This chapter demonstrates how spatial data and maps are used for monitoring threats and prioritizing locations to safeguard bonobo habitat, including identifying areas of highest conservation value to bonobos and collaboratively mapping community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) zones for reducing deforestation in key corridor areas. We also highlight the development of a range-wide model that analysed a variety of biotic and abiotic variables in conjunction with bonobo nest data to map suitable habitat. Approximately 28 per cent of the range was predicted suitable; of that, about 27.5 per cent was located in official protected areas. These examples highlight the importance of employing spatial data and models to support the development of dynamic conservation strategies that will help strengthen bonobo protection. Le bonobo en voie de disparition (Pan paniscus), endémique à la République Démocratique du Congo (DRC), est menacé par la chasse et la perte de l’habitat. Deux guerres récentes et les conflits en cours dans le DRC menacent les efforts de conservation. Ici, nous montrons comment les données spatiales et les cartes sont utilisées pour surveiller les menaces et prioriser les espaces pour protéger l’habitat bonobo, inclut identifier les zones de plus haute valeur de conservation aux bonobos. En plus, la déforestation est réduite par une cartographie collaborative communale de gestion de ressources dans les zones de couloirs essentiels. Nous soulignons le développement d’un modèle de toute la gamme qui a analysé un variété de variables biotiques et abiotiques en conjonction avec les données de nid bonobo pour tracer la carte d’un habitat adéquat. Environ 28 per cent de la gamme est prédit adéquat; de cela, environ 27.5 per cent est dans une zone officiellement protégée. Ces exemples soulignent l’importance d’utiliser les données spatiales et les modèles pour soutenir le développement de stratégies de conservations dynamiques qui aideront à renforcer la protection des bonobos.

scholarly journals Predicting Impacts of Climate Change on Northward Range Expansion of Invasive Weeds in South Korea

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1604
Author(s):  
Sun Hee Hong ◽  
Yong Ho Lee ◽  
Gaeun Lee ◽  
Do-Hun Lee ◽  
Pradeep Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Invasive Weeds ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Suitable Habitats ◽  
Control And Management

Predicting the distribution of invasive weeds under climate change is important for the early identification of areas that are susceptible to invasion and for the adoption of the best preventive measures. Here, we predicted the habitat suitability of 16 invasive weeds in response to climate change and land cover changes in South Korea using a maximum entropy modeling approach. Based on the predictions of the model, climate change is likely to increase habitat suitability. Currently, the area of moderately suitable and highly suitable habitats is estimated to be 8877.46 km2, and 990.29 km2, respectively, and these areas are expected to increase up to 496.52% by 2050 and 1439.65% by 2070 under the representative concentration pathways 4.5 scenario across the country. Although habitat suitability was estimated to be highest in the southern regions (<36° latitude), the central and northern regions are also predicted to have substantial increases in suitable habitat areas. Our study revealed that climate change would exacerbate the threat of northward weed invasions by shifting the climatic barriers of invasive weeds from the southern region. Thus, it is essential to initiate control and management strategies in the southern region to prevent further invasions into new areas.

scholarly journals Semantics of Voids within Data: Ignorance-Aware Machine Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Vagan Terziyan ◽  
Anton Nikulin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Prototype Selection ◽  
Data Space ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Traditional Classification ◽  
Nearest Neighbor Classifiers

Operating with ignorance is an important concern of geographical information science when the objective is to discover knowledge from the imperfect spatial data. Data mining (driven by knowledge discovery tools) is about processing available (observed, known, and understood) samples of data aiming to build a model (e.g., a classifier) to handle data samples that are not yet observed, known, or understood. These tools traditionally take semantically labeled samples of the available data (known facts) as an input for learning. We want to challenge the indispensability of this approach, and we suggest considering the things the other way around. What if the task would be as follows: how to build a model based on the semantics of our ignorance, i.e., by processing the shape of “voids” within the available data space? Can we improve traditional classification by also modeling the ignorance? In this paper, we provide some algorithms for the discovery and visualization of the ignorance zones in two-dimensional data spaces and design two ignorance-aware smart prototype selection techniques (incremental and adversarial) to improve the performance of the nearest neighbor classifiers. We present experiments with artificial and real datasets to test the concept of the usefulness of ignorance semantics discovery.

scholarly journals Analisis Alih Fungsi Lahan di Kabupaten Aceh Selatan

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-408
Author(s):  
Riski Yunianda ◽  
Syakur Syakur ◽  
Teti Arabia
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Land Distribution ◽  
Space Pattern ◽  
Agricultural Use

Abstrak. Seiring terjadinya penyimpangan penggunaan lahan sangat sering terjadi terhadap rencana tata ruang wilayah (RTRW). Daerah pinggiran kota merupakan wilayah yang banyak mengalami perubahan penggunaan lahan terutama perubahan penggunaan lahan pertanian menjadi non pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan penggunaan lahan pertanian di Kabupaten Aceh Selatan tahun 2013 dengan tahun 2017 dan menganalisis keselarasan penggunaan lahan pertanian eksisting tahun 2017 dengan pola ruang Kabupaten Aceh Selatan tahun 2013-2033. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan teknik survai. Sedangkan analisis data spasial menggunakan SIG dengan konsep extract, overlay dan intersect. Hasil kajian menunjukkan hasil koreksi pada pengunaan lahan pertanian tahun 2013 dengan tahun 2017 didapatlah luas penggunaan lahan pertanian yang telah beralih fungsi seluas 8.041,56 ha, yang mana pada lahan sawah seluas 3.680,30 ha dan pada pertanian lahan kering seluas 4.361,26 ha. Penggunaan lahan pertanian yang telah beralih fungsi tersebut telah menjadi berbagai macam penggunaan lahan lainnya yang tersebar di seluruh Kabupaten Aceh Selatan, penggunaan lahan pertanian yang selaras dengan rencana pola ruang memiliki luas 36.293,85 ha (91,30%), penggunaan lahan yang tidak selaras yaitu Penggunaan lahan eksisting tidak selaras dengan rencana pola ruang seluas 1.513,53 ha (3,81%), dan belum terlaksana atau belum terealisasi terhadap lahan pertanian yang direncanakan terhadap pola ruang atau masih dapat berubah sesuai dengan rencana pola ruang seluas 6.711,08  ha (14,44 %). Analysis of Functional Land Distribution of Agriculture in District Aceh SelatanAbstract. Absorption of deviation of land use is very frequent to spatial planning (RTRW). Suburban areas are areas that have undergone many changes in land use due to changes in agricultural land use to non-agricultural use. This research was conducted for 2013 with 2017 and analysis of existing agricultural land use in 2017 with South Aceh Regency spatial pattern year 2013-2033. The method used in this research is descriptive method with survey technique. While spatial data analysis using GIS concept with overlay and intersect concept. The results showed that agricultural land in 2013 with the year 2017 obtained the wide use of agricultural land that has a function conversion of 8,041.56 ha, which in the rice field area of 3,680.30 ha and on dry land of 4,361.26 ha. The use of converted agricultural land into various land uses scattered throughout the District of South Aceh, different use of agricultural land with plans of wide spatial pattern 36,29,85 ha (91,30%), land use that is not aligned Land use the existing is not aligned with the plan of the pattern of the space of 1,513.53 ha (3.81%), and has not been realized or not yet realized on agricultural land that allows the pattern of space can be changed in accordance with the Plan of Space Pattern covering 6,711,08 ha (14,44%).

scholarly journals Use of the moving epidemic method (MEM) to assess national surveillance data for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in the Netherlands, 2005 to 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M Vos ◽  
Anne C Teirlinck ◽  
José E Lozano ◽  
Tomás Vega ◽  
Gé A Donker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Laboratory Surveillance ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Background To control respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which causes acute respiratory infections, data and methods to assess its epidemiology are important. Aim We sought to describe RSV seasonality, affected age groups and RSV-type distribution over 12 consecutive seasons in the Netherlands, as well as to validate the moving epidemic method (MEM) for monitoring RSV epidemics. Methods We used 2005−17 laboratory surveillance data and sentinel data. For RSV seasonality evaluation, epidemic thresholds (i) at 1.2% of the cumulative number of RSV-positive patients per season and (ii) at 20 detections per week (for laboratory data) were employed. We also assessed MEM thresholds. Results In laboratory data RSV was reported 25,491 times (no denominator). In sentinel data 5.6% (767/13,577) of specimens tested RSV positive. Over 12 seasons, sentinel data showed percentage increases of RSV positive samples. The average epidemic length was 18.0 weeks (95% confidence intervals (CI):  16.3–19.7) and 16.5 weeks (95% CI: 14.0–18.0) for laboratory and sentinel data, respectively. Epidemics started on average in week 46 (95% CI: 45–48) and 47 (95% CI:  46–49), respectively. The peak was on average in the first week of January in both datasets. MEM showed similar results to the other methods. RSV incidence was highest in youngest (0–1 and >1–2 years) and oldest (>65–75 and > 75 years) age groups, with age distribution remaining stable over time. RSV-type dominance alternated every one or two seasons. Conclusions Our findings provide baseline information for immunisation advisory groups. The possibility of employing MEM to monitor RSV epidemics allows prospective, nearly real-time use of surveillance data.

scholarly journals Substantiation of the sell-by date of food products

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
S.M. Kuzminskiy ◽  
T.V. Adamchuk ◽  
О.М. Holinko ◽  
N.P. Levytska
Keyword(s):  
Food Products ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Phase Duration ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Culture Development ◽  
Storage Distribution ◽  
Kinetics Of

Objective of the Work. The overview of current methodical approaches for experimental substantiation of the sell-by date of food products. Methods and Materials. Data analysis of scientific literature and normative documents on methods of substantiation of the sell-by date of food products. Results and Discussion. Sell-by date is a period since product’s manufacture, during which it maintains its safety and quality (including nutritional value) within reasonably foreseeable conditions of storage, distribution and consumption. In the case of new products (recipes) introduction it is necessary to review the sell-by date, and its extending as the need arises. The main aspects of microbiological substantiation of the sell-by date of food products are considered. The identification of microbial hazard for particular product is the first phase of the work. The second phase of the work is to determine the kinetic parameters of precise microorganism’s accumulation to maximum permitted level within regulated and aggravated conditions of product’s storage. Conclusions. In the process of microbiological substantiation of the sell-by date of food products it should be taken into consideration the presence of leading pathogen and causative microorganisms of microbial spoilage, the initial contamination level, the lag phase duration of germ culture development, variations between strains, the kinetics of microorganisms’ accumulation within the product in real and aggravated storage conditions, the indetermination connected with biological nature of microorganisms and their inhomogeneous allocation within the product, the limitation for shortcut research methods (if applicable). The decision rule should be based on the consumer’s risk concept. Key Words: food products, sell-by date, substantiation, microbiological indicators.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Millennials and Brand Loyalty: Mediating Brand Loyalty Factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Dhameeth, S. Gehan ◽  
Ochi, Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Brand Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Root Mean Square Residual ◽  
Mediating Factors ◽  
The Relationship

<p><em>The purpose of this study is to identify factors (brand elements) that mediate between Millennials and brand loyalty, and to test a theoretical model that includes these mediating factors in describing the relationship between millennials and brand loyalty. The study focused on the key factors that we identified and hypothesized to mediate the relationship between millennials and brand loyalty. The quantitative study surveyed two hundred and fifty-three (n=253) respondents randomly drawn. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to test a model of the relationship between the mediating factors, millennials and brand loyalty. All model fit parameters were well within acceptable bounds. The Comparative Fit Index (CFI) was 0.999, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) was 0.018, and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) was 0.022. However, we believe that the model is over-fitting the data, and this is not surprising given that there are 22 variables and 253 data points. These results show promise, but require further investigation in a second phase of the inquiry. This study limited itself to surveying millennials, brand loyalty, and the seven mediating factors we identified and hypothesized to play a role in mediating between them. Based on this study, brand management strategies are proposed.</em><em></em></p>

scholarly journals The Expansion and Spatial Pattern of Shopping and Tourism Services Facilities in North Bandung Region, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-400
Author(s):  
Lia Warlina ◽  
Lusia Elsa Dika Damayanty
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
The North ◽  
First Results ◽  
Spatial Use ◽  
Tourism Service ◽  
Tourism Services ◽  
Spatial Plan ◽  
Tourist Service

This study aims to identify the expansion and spatial patterns of shopping and tourism services facilities and evaluate whether the locations are aligned with the spatial plan map of the North Bandung region. The research was conducted by taking inventory of shopping and tourism services facilities in 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018. The locations were plotted into maps to calculate each point's spatial pattern for each period using the nearest neighbor analysis method. The 2018 map was overlaid with a spatial plan map to identify whether the existing location aligns with the regional plan. The first results were the expansion and spatial pattern maps of shopping North Bandung area for 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018; that show the broadest expansion of shopping facility in 2018 with a clustered pattern. The second results were expansion, and spatial pattern maps of tourism service facilities in the same period show that since 2014 the expansion started with clustered patterns. The evaluation results show that only convenience stores were located in protected areas, but all tourist service facilities were located in these locations. This finding is essential for local governments in monitoring spatial use.

scholarly journals Fibromyalgia Impact Reduction Using Online Personal Health Informatics: Longitudinal Observational Study

10.2196/15819 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. e15819
Author(s):  
William Collinge ◽  
Robert Soltysik ◽  
Paul Yarnold
Keyword(s):  
Health Informatics ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Impact Reduction ◽  
Health Diary ◽  
Over Time

Background Personal health informatics have the potential to help patients discover personalized health management strategies that influence outcomes. Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex chronic illness requiring individualized strategies that may be informed by analysis of personal health informatics data. An online health diary program with dynamic feedback was developed to assist patients with FM in identifying symptom management strategies that predict their personal outcomes, and found reduced symptom levels associated with program use. Objective The aim of this study was to determine longitudinal associations between program use and functional impact of FM as measured by scores on a standardized assessment instrument, the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). Methods Participants were self-identified as diagnosed with FM and recruited via online FM advocacy websites. Participants used an online health diary program (“SMARTLog”) to report symptom ratings, behaviors, and management strategies used. Based on single-subject analysis of the accumulated data over time, individualized recommendations (“SMARTProfile”) were then provided by the automated feedback program. Indices of program use comprised of cumulative numbers of SMARTLogs completed and SMARTProfiles received. Participants included in this analysis met a priori criteria of sufficient program use to generate SMARTProfiles (ie, ≥22 SMARTLogs completed). Users completed the FIQ at baseline and again each subsequent month of program use as follow-up data for analysis. Kendall tau-b, a nonparametric statistic that measures both the strength and direction of an ordinal association between two repeated measured variables, was computed between all included FIQ scores and both indices of program use for each subject at the time of each completed FIQ. Results A total of 76 users met the a priori use criteria. The mean baseline FIQ score was 61.6 (SD 14.7). There were 342 FIQ scores generated for longitudinal analysis via Kendall tau-b. Statistically significant inverse associations were found over time between FIQ scores and (1) the cumulative number of SMARTLogs completed (tau-b=–0.135, P<.001); and (2) the cumulative number of SMARTProfiles received (tau-b=–0.133, P<.001). Users who completed 61 or more SMARTLogs had mean follow-up scores of 49.9 (n=25, 33% of the sample), an 18.9% drop in FM impact. Users who generated 11 or more new SMARTProfiles had mean follow-up scores of 51.8 (n=23, 30% of the sample), a 15.9% drop. Conclusions Significant inverse associations were found between FIQ scores and both indices of program use, with FIQ scores declining as use increased. Based on established criteria for rating FM severity, the top one-third of users in terms of use had clinically significant reductions from “severe” to “moderate” FM impact. These findings underscore the value of self-management interventions with low burden, high usability, and high perceived relevance to the user. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02515552; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02515552

scholarly journals Geospatial Distribution of Public Secondary in Gombe Local Government Area, Gombe State of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Yila Caiaphas Makadi ◽  
Abecca Stephen Sati ◽  
Ismail Dankaka
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Public Secondary School ◽  
Data Survey ◽  
Senior Secondary

The paper reviews research tradition of accessibility level and spatial distribution of student in public secondary school in gombe local government area, Gombe state. Primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data was collected using questionnaire and a hand-held GPS receiver to capture the coordinate points of schools and other relevant data. Secondary data include administrative map, population figures of both students and Teachers, Names and addresses of the secondary schools in the study area. The data were analyzed using geographic information techniques. From the data survey carried out, the result of the analysis showed the accessibility level and spatial distribution of school in Gombe were seventeen (17) public senior secondary and total number of students were nineteen thousand and eleven (19,011). The nearest neighbor analysis (NNA) for the spatial pattern of school were carried out based on each ward in study area which as ten (10) wards in each ward revealed two major spatial distributions. The spatial pattern of the Gombe LGA has Nearest Neighbour Ratio (NNR): 3.385087, Bolari East ward with NNR: 3.385087 and Shamaki wards NNR: 1.600148, which showed dispersed pattern, while Jekada Fari ward with NNR: 0.214890, Pantami ward with NNR: 0.226863, and Herwo Gana wards with NNR: 0.185239, were showed clustered pattern. The nearest neighbor index shows clustered pattern for all the wards in the local government area except Bolari East and Shamaki wards that has dispersed pattern of distribution. The implication of these two patterns means that accessibility is poor in the study area. Students travel than normal to overcome the function of distance.

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