THE EFFECT OF UNDERNUTRITION AND REHABILITATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS: RATS

1964 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
ELSIE M. WIDDOWSON ◽  
W. O. MAVOR ◽  
R. A. McCANCE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Food Body

SUMMARY When rats were undernourished so that they gained only 20 g. body weight between the 3rd and the 11th week of life: (1) The testes continued to enlarge; the seminiferous tubules developed, but the interstitial cells regressed. (2) The penis of some of the animals protruded; in others protrusion was first observed on the day after rehabilitation began. (3) The vaginae of more than half the females opened while the animals were still undernourished and had an abnormally small body weight. (4) The ovarian follicles appeared active, but no corpora lutea were found. When the rats were returned to unlimited food, body weight increased, corpora lutea were formed, but the testes remained large as a percentage of the weight of the body.

THE EFFECT OF UNDERNUTRITION AND REHABILITATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS: PIGS

1964 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. T. DICKERSON ◽  
G. A. GRESHAM ◽  
R. A. McCANCE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Cellular Material ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glans Penis ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Primordial Follicles

SUMMARY (1) During prolonged undernutrition in pigs from 2 to 3 weeks of age: (a) the tubules of the testes developed but the interstitial cells regressed and became unrecognizable; (b) the glans penis became large and oedematous; (c) the primordial follicles in the ovaries developed and some became large and cystic but ovulation did not follow; (d) the uterus and vulva enlarged. (2) During rapid rehabilitation: (a) The vulva and testicles became much enlarged relative to the rest of the body; (b) the glans penis developed but the oedema disappeared and was replaced by collagen and cellular material; (c) the female animals did not ovulate until they were approaching the body weight at which ovulation normally occurs; (d) the seminiferous tubules of the testes showed active spermatogenesis when the animals were still relatively small but the interstitial cells did not reappear until later.

scholarly journals effect of ascorbic acid as a feed additive on indicators of the reproductive performance of Pulawska breed gilts

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 378-382
Author(s):  
Jerzy Lechowski ◽  
Anna Kasprzyk ◽  
Mirosław Tyra ◽  
Beata Trawińska
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Value ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Reproduction Cycle ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of vitamin C on indicators of gilts and sows reproductive value. The study was conducted using 64 gilts of the Pulawska breed. The experimental gilts received a supplement of vitamin C in an amount of 2.4 g daily throughout the whole experiment. Sixteen gilts from both control and experimental groups were mated in their third estrus. In order to determine the number of corpora lutea and the state of development of the reproductive organs, other gilts from the control and experimental groups were slaughtered after third estrus between the 5th and 10th day of the following estrous cycle. The results showed that gilts from the experimental group were characterized by higher potential fertility, as well as reared more piglets per litter. In the body weight and backfat thickness of sows during the first reproduction cycle in the control and experimental groups were not statistically significantly different. The piglets in the experimental group had higher body weight in the 1st and 21st day of rearing. Larger contents of protein, immunoglobulins, and vitamin C were recorded in the colostrum and milk from experimental sows.

scholarly journals Litter size components traits in two Algerian rabbit lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Rafik Belabbas ◽  
Maria de la Luz García ◽  
Hacina AinBaziz ◽  
Ali Berbar ◽  
Maria José Argente
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Synthetic Line

<p>The aim of this study was to estimate the limiting litter size components in rabbit females from a Synthetic line (n=32) and a Local population (n=34). Ovulation rate, number of implanted and live embryos were counted by laparoscopy at 12 d after mating. Prolificacy (total newborn, number born alive and mortality) and embryonic, foetal and prenatal survival at day of birth of the 3<sup>rd</sup> gestation were measured. The analysed traits were body weight of the female at mating, ovulation rate, implanted, live and resorbed embryos, embryonic, foetal and prenatal survival, as well as total newborn, number born alive and mortality at birth. Synthetic line females had a higher ovulation rate compared to the Local population (11.03±0.23 vs. 8.41±0.23 corpora lutea; <em>P</em>&lt;0.0001). Synthetic line displayed a higher number of implanted embryos (10.00±0.25 vs. 7.85±0.25 embryos; <em>P</em>&lt;0.0001). No difference was found between groups for number of resorbed embryos. Similar embryonic, foetal and prenatal survival rates were reported between the Synthetic line and the Local population. Additionally, total newborn was higher in the Synthetic line than in the Local population (+1.46 kits; <em>P</em>&lt;0.05). A principal components analysis was performed. The first four principal components (PC) explained more than 90% of the total variation in both lines. Total newborn, number born alive and live embryos were the main variables defining the 1<sup>st</sup> PC. Resorbed embryos and foetal survival were located in the 2<sup>nd</sup> PC. Ovulation rate and embryonic survival were the predominant variables defining the 3<sup>rd</sup> PC. The body weight of females was located in the 4<sup>th</sup> PC. The phenotypic correlation between total newborn and its components were high and positive in both lines, except for ovulation rate and total newborn, where it was moderate in Synthetic line. In conclusion, the females from Synthetic line have a higher total newborn than those from Local population, as a consequence of a higher number of released oocytes and embryos that successfully reach implantation. However, a higher uterine crowding in Synthetic line seems to limit survival of foetuses that reach term of gestation, while ovulation rate is the principal limiting factor of total newborn in Local population.</p>

scholarly journals PUBERAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE NIGERIAN DWARF SHEEP

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
B. I. Orji ◽  
J. Steinbach
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Ram Lambs

Eleven ram lambs, all born between June and July (rainy season) were slaughtered at four age groups — 75, 100, 125 and 150 days. The body weights of animals prior to slaughter, the weights of the testes, the epididymis, the vesicular glands, the ampullae, the adrenals, the thyroids and the pituitary glands were determined and subjected to a step-wise multiple regression analysis using age or body weight as the independent variable. The weights of the reproductive organs – testes, epididymides, ampullae, vesicular glands - showed significantly higher correlation with the body weight than with the age, thus emphasizing the greater importance of the physiological age over the chronological age in the development of the body organs. The highest growth rate of the organs of the reproductive tract occurred during puberty and thus coincided with the enhanced endocrine function observed in ram lambs at this stage.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Sperm Impairing Factor from Serratia marcescens as Male Contraceptive in Mouse Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Aditi Chauhan ◽  
Vijay Prabha
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Seminal Parameters ◽  
The Right

The present study was carried out to assess the contraceptive efficacy of sperm agglutinating factor (SAF) isolated from Serratia marcescens, in male Balb/c mice. Mice were administered via an intratesticular route with different concentrations of SAF, viz., 10, 50, 100, 200, or 400 µg, in the right testis only which served as a test while the left side served as control except otherwise stated. Mice were sacrificed on day 3, 7, 14, 21, 30, 45, 60, and 90 after administration, and results in terms of change in body weight, seminal parameters, tissue somatic indices (TSI), hematological parameters, serum level of testosterone, lipid peroxidation, and histology were studied. The body weight and TSI remained unaffected in all the experimental groups. In case of seminal parameters, the right testis treated with 10 μg, 50 μg, 100 μg, 200 μg, or 400 μg of SAF showed azoospermia up to day 7, 14, 21, 45, and 90, respectively. The hematological indices, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were found to be unaltered when the group receiving SAF (test) was compared with the groups receiving phosphate buffer saline (control) in the right testis; however, the treatment had a negative effect on the serum level of testosterone. It also affected the oxidative status of the right testis. Furthermore, histological studies revealed hypospermatogenesis and alterations in the seminiferous tubules which included intraepithelial vacuolation and exfoliation in the right side as compared to the left side. Thus, the results suggest that SAF (400 µg) causes suppression of spermatogenesis, without causing apparent toxic effects.

scholarly journals The Body Size and Micronutrients Status Among the Bride-To Be in Probolinggo Districtof East Java

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Sri Sumarmi Sri Sumarmi ◽  
Nunik Puspitasari ◽  
Soenarnatalina Melaniani
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Ferritin Concentration

Micronutrients deficiency is prevalent among women in reproductive age, particularly in developing countries, including in Indonesia. Small body size reflects a chronic deficiency of nutrients intake. Both of those problems may correlate each other and making maternal nutrition more complicated. Brides-to be are the most important group of women in reproductive age who require better recognition, because they will become mothers. This study was to describe inter-correlation among anthropometric indices which reflected the maternal body size and several indicators of micronutrient status. A cross sectional study was conducted in selected sub-districts of Probolinggo District, East Java Province year 2012. The samples size of 115 brides-to be were randomly selected from list of brides-to be in Sub-district Office of Religious Affair. The observed variables were body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), mid upper arms circumference (MUAC), micronutrients status including concentration of hemoglobin, serum ferritin, serum retinol and serum zinc. Pearson correlation test was used to analyze data using SPSS for Window version 13.0. Result showed that the average of body weight was 47,3 kg, average stature was 150,4 cm, BMI was 20, MUAC was 25,3 cm. The average of hemoglobin level was 12,4 g/dL, serum ferritin was 50,6 g/L, serum retinol level was 1,06 mol/L, and serum Zn level was 12,9 mol/L. Statistical analisis showed significant correlation between the body weight and hemoglobin concentration (r =0,25, p = 0,01) and serum retinol (r = 0,21, p = 0,03); between BMI and hemoglobin concentration (r = 0,31, p = 0,00) and serum ferritin (r = 0,23, p = 0,03), and serum retinol (r = 0,21, p = 0,02); between MUAC and hemoglobin (r = 0,32, p = 0,00) and serum retinol (r = 0,24, p = 0,02); between hemoglobin concentration and serum ferritin concentration (r = 0,30, p = 0,00). Stature did not correlate with any indicators of micronutrient. It implies that among the indices of body size, body weight and BMI as well as MUAC are important indicators relating to iron status, and vitamin A status, but not zinc status.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Therapeutic Role of Citrullus lanatus and Annona muricata Fruit Extracts on Cyhalothrin-induced Toxicity

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Lilian Kelechi Titus ◽  
Eme Efioanwan Orlu ◽  
Adetutu Olubunmi Obulor
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Therapeutic Role ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Normal Architecture

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic role of Citrullus lanatus and Annona muricata fruit Extracts on Cyhalothrin-induced Toxicity. Experimental Design: The study was a completely randomized design employing relevant statistical tools for analysis and interpretation. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Reproductive Physiology and Genetics Research Laboratory of the Department of Applied and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University, Rivers State. The experiment lasted for 35 days. Methodology: The body weight of the animals was monitored and recorded twice a week throughout the duration of the experiment. For Biochemical analysis, blood samples were collected by ocular puncture into sterile tubes and serum separated by centrifugation at 2500 g for 10 mins and stored for determination of some liver biomarkers including ALT, ALP, AST, Total Cholesterol and Glucose using their respective kits. For histopathological analysis of Liver and Testis 0.5 g of the each organ was fixed in 10% neutral formalin and sectioned with a digital microtome (AO Spencer, No. 820) at 5 µm thick. Histological sections mounted on slides were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E). Photomicrographs were generated at X40 magnification and interpreted. Data from biochemical analyses were subjected to one-way ANOVA. Results: All experimental animals showed a non-significant (P>0.05) increase in body weight throughout the experimental period. The range of values for Organ weight observed in the other treatmental groups were closer to that of the control group than the group exposed to Cyhalothrin only. The level of ALP, AST and ALT significantly p<0.05) increased in groups exposed to Cyhalothrin only but reduced with administration of 100% Citrullus lanatus and Annona muricata extract. Plate 1A shows the normal architecture of seminiferous tubules and spermatogenic elements in the control group, the Seminiferous tubules and epithelium of the group exposed to cyhalothrin only is characterized with large vacuoles devoid of spermatogenic elements. Testicular tissue of animals co-administered Citrullus lantanus and Annona muricata extracts shows regenerating  epithelium filled with maturing spermatozoa.. Photomicrograph of the liver epithelium in the control group shows normal architecture of liver cell filled with normal hepatocytes. Hepatocytes degeneration and lesion in the liver cells of animals exposed to Cyhalothrin only was observed (Plate 2B).  Plate 2C and D showed regeneration of hepatocytes with fewer lesion in the liver epithelium while fully regenerated liver epithelium of animals was observed in Plate 2 E. Conclusion: Cyhalothrin may not have obvious effect on the organ weights, body weight and gonadosomatic indices but silently destroys target cells of the body overtime. Cyhalothin induced oxidative and reproductive stress in exposed animals while from the groups co-administered Citrullus lanatus and Annona muricata the therapeutic role of this indigenous fruits on Cyhalothin-induced toxicity was observed both in the liver and testicular epithelium and therefore can be used as Supplement and a suitable first aid for pesticide related poisoning.

341. STUDY OF APHRODISIAC DRUG ACID PHOS ON MALE ALBINO RAT

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
C. K. I. Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Group I ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Liver And Kidney

The male albino rat, Rattus norvegicus maintained in the laboratory by supplying regularly food and water. Acid phos is a well known aphrodisiac drug from homeopathy medical system. Doses of 200 gm of 30 number globules made from sugar of milk and moistened by 15 mL of acid phos (H3PO3) of 6 potency. Group-I, II and III experimental rats were carried out for 15, 30, and 15 day recovery period respectively. Appreciable behavioral changes and changes in the body weights were noticed. In 15, 30 and in 15 days of recovery period, the acid phosphatase, SGOT and albumin were significant (P < 0.05) while alkaline phosphatase, SGPT, cholesterol, glucose, total proteins and globulin was found non-significant but A:G ratio was increasedsignificantly in 30 days of treatment. The weight of liver, kidney, and testis has found linear increased relationship with the body weight but significant (P < 0.050) increased in the weight of seminal vesicle and body weight in the experimental rat. Various histo-architectural changes were observed in the tissues of liver, kidney, testis and seminal vesicle. Both liver and kidney showed degenerative changes after 15 and 30 days .Tetraploid stages of liver pernchymal cells were predominant in the experimental rats while in 15 days of recovery period, both attained the recovery. In 30 days, the diameter of seminiferous tubules is markedly reduced, with thin unfolded mucosa. In 15 days of administration of acid phos, the intertubular spaces between the seminiferous tubule were also reduced. The number of spermatids was increased in recovery period, the testis showed the recovery. In 15 days of administration, the secretion in the lumen of seminal vesicles increased related with the structure of the epithelium of seminal vesicles while in 15 days of recovery period, the seminal vesicles showed recovery of secretory activities with pseudostratified epithelium. All the results are discussed detailed in paper.

scholarly journals Histopathological alterations in testicular tissue of male rats exposed to arsenic

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-251
Author(s):  
Reema Pachnanda ◽  
Shiv Pal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Testicular Weight

The present study was designed to investigate the adverse effect of arsenic on testicular tissue of Swiss albino male rats. Sodium arsenite was administered to adult male rats by gavage at the doses 1, 2 and 3 mg/kg body weight for 30 days. After the treatment, the testis were processed for histopathological observations. Sodium arsenite caused remarkable reduction in testicular weight (P<0.05), while the body weight of experimental animals were reduced but not significantly (P<0.05). Histological evaluation revealed dose-dependent, gradual destruction in histoarchitecture of testicular tissue. Sodium arsenite exposure caused complete arrest of spermatogenesis with disfigured seminiferous tubules in the testes .The lumens of the tubules were devoid of spermatids and were in places filled with cellular debris. The germinal epithelium was distorted. At places interstitial odema was also evident. Sertoli and Leydig cells were damaged. Along with structural alterations, fertility rate in experimental animals was significantly decreased at higher doses i.e. 2 and 3 mg/kg, as 100% infertility was observed. After withdrawal of the treatment over a period of 30 days, recovery was observed in low dose groups as few female rats became pregnant. The study concluded that exposure of arsenic causes testicular toxicity in male albino rat.

scholarly journals Histological Feature of Ovarian Structures Throughout the Reproductive Cycle in Alpine Goats (Capra Hircus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Debora Groppetti ◽  
Alessandro Pecile ◽  
Stefano Frattini ◽  
Giulio Pagnacco ◽  
Silvana Arrighi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Domestic Species

AbstractThe knowledge about ovarian physiology in small ruminants is still limited, especially when compared to other domestic species. Ovarian function in goats is mainly assessed by ultrasonographic techniques, whereas a quali-quantitative feature of the follicular and luteal structures throughout the reproductive cycle in naturally cycling goats is scarce. This study provides a detailed description of the functional morphology and size of 742 ovarian structures (follicles, corpora hemorrhagica and corpora lutea) in relation to the oestrus phase, the body weight and the age of 25 Alpine goats (Capra hircus). The current study demonstrated that, the number and size of the follicles were related to the stage of the reproductive cycle (P < 0.0001). Also, the mean number of follicles was high during both prepubertal anestrus and diestrus, whereas it was low in the oestrus. Large (3-4 mm in diameter) and very large follicles (> 4 mm) (P < 0.001), and small follicles (< 2 mm; P < 0.05) varied throughout the reproductive cycle, while medium follicles (2-3 mm) were invariably observed. Large and very large follicles were predominant during the diestrus phase and small follicles in the prepubertal anestrus. It is evident from the current study that the number of follicles (P < 0.05) was significantly affected with both body weight and age. On the other hand, the size of follicles was significantly affected with body weight only (P < 0.0001). These results could contribute to a deeper understanding of ovarian transformations with important implications in assisted reproductive technologies, thereby concurring in advancing the efficiency of ultrasound in breeding programs for this species.

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