scholarly journals Fixation duration and the learning process: an eye tracking study with subtitled videos

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivsevak Negi ◽  
Ritayan Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Learning Gain ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Fixation Durations ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Right

Learning is a complex phenomenon and education researchers are increasingly focussing on processes that go into it. Eye tracking has become an important tool in such research. In this paper, we focus on one of the most commonly used metrics in eye tracking, namely, fixation duration. Fixation duration has been used to study cognition and attention. However, fixation duration distributions are characteristically non-normal and heavily skewed to the right. Therefore, the use of a single average value, such as the mean fixation duration, to predict cognition and/or attention could be problematic. This is especially true in studies of complex constructs, such as learning, which are governed by both cognitive and affective processes. We collected eye tracking data from 51 students watching a 12 min long educational video with and without subtitles. The learning gain after watching the video was calculated with pre- and post-test scores. Several multiple linear regression models revealed a) fixation duration can explain a substantial fraction of variation in the pre-post data, which indicates its usefulness in the study of learning processes; b) the arithmetic mean of fixation durations, which is the most commonly reported eye tracking metric, may not be the optimal choice; and c) a phenomenological model of fixation durations where the number of fixations over different temporal ranges are used as inputs seemed to perform the best. The results and their implications for learning process research are discussed.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA PEMBELAJARAN RIAS WAJAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN SISWA SMK KECANTIKAN KULIT KELAS X

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Siska Miga Dewi ◽  
Mukminan Mukminan
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Multimedia Learning ◽  
Vocational School ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Assessment Score ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Multimedia Product ◽  
Beta Testing

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menghasilkan multimedia pembelajaran rias wajah dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa SMK kecantikan kulit kelas X yang layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran rias wajah, dan (2) mengetahui keefektifan produk multimedia pembelajaran rias wajah dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa. Model penelitian dan pengembangan ini dilakukan melalui tiga tahap, yaitu perencanaan, desain dan pengembangan. Proses validasi terhadap produk dilakukan dengan tahap uji alpha, uji beta dan uji coba produk. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. (a) Multimedia dikembangkan dinilai layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran ditinjau dari media, materi, dan penilaian siswa. Kelayakan tersebut dapat dilihat dari skor penilaian ahli media 4,2 kategori baik, skor ahli materi 4,9 kategori sangat baik, dan skor penilaian siswa 4,4 kategori sangat baik. (b) Multimedia pembelajaran rias wajah yang menggunakan Macromedia Flash dinilai efektif karena dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil nilai pre-test dengan rata-rata nilai 61,0 dan nilai post-test dengan rata-rata nilai 83,9. Persentase ketuntasan belajar siswa 100%. Kata kunci: multimedia, rias wajah, kecantikanDEVELOPING MULTIMEDIA IN MAKE-UP LEARNING FOR INCREASING THE KNOWLEDGE OF GRADE X STUDENTSOF VOCATIONAL SCHOOL 0F SKIN BEAUTY Abstract This research aims to: (1) product multimedia on make-up learning in increasing students’ knowledge vocational of skin beauty, and (2) know the effectivness of multimedia product on make-up learning in increasing students’ knowledge on learning process. It applied the research and development with 3 stages, i.e.: planning, design, and development. The process of validation of this product was carried out through 3 stages, i.e.: alpha testing, beta testing and product testing. The results of the study are as follows. (a) Multimedia learning developed is judged worthy tobe used as a learning in terms of media, materials, and students’ assessment. Feasibility can be seen from the expert assessment score of 4.2 in media with good category, a score of 4.9 with category expert material very good, and students’ assessment score of 4.4 with very good category. (b) Multimedia on makeup learning using Macromedia Flash is considered effective because it can increase students' knowledge. This is evidenced by the results of the pre-test with an average value of 61.0 and a post-test value with an average value of 83.9. The percentage of students’ learning mastery is 100%. Keywords: multimedia, make-up, beauty

scholarly journals Penerapan Metode Integrasi Teileren-Poject pada Program Inovasi IPTEK dan Kreativitas Guru-Guru Elektronika Industri di SMKN 9 Kabupaten Garut dalam Kegiatan Workshop Aplikasi Mikrokontroller

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Budi Herdiana ◽  
Muhammad Aria ◽  
Tri Rahajoeningroem ◽  
Bobi Kurniawan ◽  
Jana Utama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Test Evaluation ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Community Programs ◽  
Teacher Capacity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Project Method ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Capacity Improvement

Success of workshop activities in community programs can be seen from the results of these activities which are able to improve students' skills to implement their knowledge that had been obtained previously. This program was done at SMKN 9 aimed at providing innovation and enhancing the creativity of teachers' skills in the field of microcontroller systems. Therefore the ability to understand microcontroller system requires supporting facilities such as hardware and software devices than also require a comprehensive and systematic of learning process. The alternative solution to problem is done by collaborating teileren method and project method simultaneously where learning subject is focused on the workshop material step by step before applying it. The expectation from this program is that teachers can get used to and have the ability to design microcontroller systems that can be applied as teaching materials and curriculum development. The accomplishment of this workshop can be measured by pre-test evaluation which shows value >65% and post-test results which shows an average value of  >70% with an average index of teacher capacity improvement based on final evaluation >60% compared to the previous test scores. 

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS METODE INQUIRY LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPA PADA TEMA ENERGI DAN PERUBAHANNYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Imroatik Zahrotul Khoiriyah ◽  
Silviana Nur Faizah ◽  
Minahul Mubin
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Science Learning ◽  
Inquiry Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Post Test

Learning method is a way that is taken or used by the teacher to deliver a learning material in an effort to achieve the goals of a learning. Whereas lPA is one of the lessons that must involve students directly with the implementation of practicums to improve students' skills. In the process of learning science at SDN Tlogoagung, researchers found that learning outcomes were still low, the average score was 60% lower than the specified KKM, which was 75. This was possible because of the conventional learning process. The focus of the research that will be discussed in this study is about how the effectiveness of the inquiry learning method for learning outcomes and the skills of the science learning process in the matter of energy and its changes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the method of inquiry learning on learning outcomes and the skills of the science learning process on energy matter and its changes. The method used in this study is an experimental method using nonequivalent control group design. Data collection techniques used were interviews, tests, observation sheets and documentation. While the data analysis used is the validity test, reliability test, normality test, homogeneity test, assessment of the test, mean, achievement of learning outcomes, N-Gain, observation of basic process skills, and hypothesis testing using Independent samples t-test. From the results of the study it is known that the use of inquiry learning methods seen from the results of learning between the experimental class with the control class, while the average value of the experimental class post test is 87 while the average value of the control class post test is 79. Based on the results of hypothesis testing indicates that the value sig (2 tailed) smaller than 0.05 so Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. This means that the inquiry learning method is effective on learning outcomes and the skills of the science learning process on energy matter and its changes.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN MODEL SIKLUS BELAJAR HIPOTETIK DEDUKTIF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENGUASAAN KONSEP SISWA PADA MATERI LARUTAN ASAM BASA DI SMA

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1224
Author(s):  
Wihdati Suryani ◽  
Suyatno Suyatno ◽  
Erman Erman
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Lesson Plan ◽  
Learning Cycle ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Score Improvement ◽  
Post Test

This study purposed to produce a teaching materials with hypothetical deductive learning cycle model in the material acid solution decent base to improve the mastery of concepts. Development of the teaching materials using the Research & Development (R & D). The teaching materials developed consisting of lesson plan, student’s book, worksheets and test of concept mastery. The teaching materials were tested to the students of class XI SMA Muhammadiyah 5 Gresik in the first semester of the academic year 2015/2016. The design of trials using One Group Pre-test and Post-test Design. The results showed that (1) The validity of the teaching materials respectively acquire the criteria very valid; (2) Practicality teaching materials seen from feasibility study learning implementation lesson plan got practice criteria with an average of 3.48, legibility student’s book scored an average legibility level of 58% so that the legibility level appropriate teaching materials, student activity increased toward centered learning on students; and (3) the effectiveness of the teaching materials that consists of responses students received a positive response from the students so that students feel interested in learning process using hypothetical deductive learning cycle model, score improvement of students' concepts mastery, the average value of n-gain by 0.71 by category high. Based on the analysis of data and discussion is concluded that the learning device with hypothetical deductive learning cycle model feasible for use in learning process. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran dengan model siklus belajar hipotetik deduktif pada materi larutan asam basa yang layak untuk meningkatkan penguasaan konsep. Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran ini menggunakan model Research &Development (R&D). Perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan terdiri dari RPP, BAS, LKS, dan tes penguasaan konsep. Perangkat pembelajaran di uji cobakan terhadap siswa kelas XI SMA Muhammadiyah 5 Gresik pada semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2015/2016. Rancangan uji coba menggunakan One Group Pre-test and Post-test Design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Validitas perangkat pembelajaran masing-masing memperoleh kriteria sangat valid/valid; (2) Kepraktisan perangkat pembelajaran dilihat dari keterlaksanaan RPP mendapat kriteria baik dengan rata-rata 3,48, keterbacaan BAS mendapat nilai rata-rata tingkat keterbacaan sebesar 58% sehingga tingkat keterbacaannya materi tepat untuk pembelajaran, aktivitas siswa mengalami peningkatan ke arah pembelajaran yang berpusat pada siswa; dan (3) keefektifan perangkat pembelajaran yang terdiri dari respon siswa mendapat respon positif dari siswa sehingga siswa merasa tertarik pada proses pembelajaran menggunakan model siklus belajar hipotetik deduktif, skor peningkatan penguasaan konsep siswa, rata-rata nilai  n-gain sebesar 0,71 dengan kategori sedang. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dan pembahasan diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran dengan model siklus belajar hipotetik deduktif layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran

scholarly journals Assessing learning styles through eye tracking for e-learning applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-35
Author(s):  
Nahumi Nugrahaningsih ◽  
Marco Porta ◽  
Aleksandra Klasnja-Milicevic
Keyword(s):  
Learning Styles ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
The Right

Adapting the presentation of learning material to the specific student?s characteristics is useful to improve the overall learning experience and learning styles can play an important role to this purpose. In this paper, we investigate the possibility to distinguish between Visual and Verbal learning styles from gaze data. In an experiment involving first year students of an engineering faculty, content regarding the basics of programming was presented in both text and graphic form, and participants? gaze data was recorded by means of an eye tracker. Three metrics were selected to characterize the user?s gaze behavior, namely, percentage of fixation duration, percentage of fixations, and average fixation duration. Percentages were calculated on ten intervals into which each participant?s interaction time was subdivided, and this allowed us to perform timebased assessments. The obtained results showed a significant relation between gaze data and Visual/Verbal learning styles for an information arrangement where the same concept is presented in graphical format on the left and in text format on the right. We think that this study can provide a useful contribution to learning styles research carried out exploiting eye tracking technology, as it is characterized by unique traits that cannot be found in similar investigations.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Pembelajaran Interaktif pada Mata Kuliah Maintenance pada Program Studi Teknik Informatika Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Pagar Alam

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Buhori Muslim ◽  
Ferry Putrawansyah
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Expert Review ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Interesting Learning ◽  
Improve Student Learning

This study aims to produce interactive multimedia learning applications introduction of hardware and assembly of Personal Computer (PC) at Maintenance Course at Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Pagar Alam and to improve learning the result. This research is based on the less interesting learning process, the interaction process is not running optimally and visualization is still using conventional media. Development method used is ADDIE that is Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and evalua-tion. Instruments used in the expert review to test the validity of the product and Pretest and posttest to measure student learning outcomes. Based on the results of the validity of the product got a score of 4.3 with the category is very valid then the pretest results conducted at the first meeting showed the average value achieved in the pretest is 66.77 with enough category. Then at the second meeting, after the learning process is implemented, held the post-test obtained an average of 90.56 with the category of Very Good. This shows an increase in learning the outcome of 24.31. In addition, obtained N-Gain of 0.732 which indicates that the learning process using multimedia applications that are made to improve student learning outcomes.

How do People look at Pictures of Pigs? Analyzing Fixation Duration Depending on Pig Expression and Barn Type using Eye-Tracking

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-310
Author(s):  
Sarah Gauly ◽  
Gesa Busch ◽  
Achim Spiller ◽  
Ulrich Enneking ◽  
Susanne Kunde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Fixation Durations ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Areas Of Interest

Using eye-tracking, this study investigates fixation duration of students viewing pictures of pigs, which systematically vary in the facial expression of the pig and in the barn setting. The aim of this study is to analyze which picture elements are viewed and for how long, as well as how fixation times vary with a change of the expression of the pig and the barn type. The results show clear effects of picture composition: pig expression and pen type affect fixation durations of different areas of interest with the influence of the pig being considerably larger. Face regions are viewed longer in the “happy” pig, while floor/bedding and the eyes are viewed longer in pictures showing the “unhappy” pig which might be a hint for information search. The power of facial expressions, also for the depiction of farm animals, is a new finding of this paper, which might be of importance when selecting agricultural pictures for different purposes.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF COOPERATIVE TEACHING METHODS TO INCREASE OF TEACHING THE UNDERSTANDING OF BASIC ELECTRONICS SUBJECS IN ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT SMK NEGERI 1 PARIAMAN PADANG

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
aswardi aswardi aswardi
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Cooperative Teaching ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Cooperative Methods ◽  
Teacher Center ◽  
And Control

This research is motivated from the learning outcomes of the students at SMK Negeri 1 Pariaman class X TITL on subjects Understanding the Basics Electronics (MDE) which is still not optimal. One of the factors that influence student learning outcomes is the low learning process centered on the teacher (teacher center), so it can not raise the activeness of students in learning. Therefore, it’s really need a method of cooperative learning”Think Pair Share” that can encourage students to be more active and creative in the learning process. Students will discuss with friends his chairmate, and mastery the subject matter togother. Moreover, using this method the student is able to solve the problems experienced during the learning process well. The goal of this study is to see significantly the differences of student learning outcomes in subjects MDE using the Think Pair Share and lecture in SMK Negeri 1 Pariaman. This research is a Quasi Experiment with design ”Posttest Only Control Design”. The subjects were students of class X SMK N 1 Pariaman enrolled in the academic year 2015/2016 which consists of two classes, namely X TITL-1 and TITL-2. From these two classes were randomly selected, class X TITL-1 As the experimental and class X TITL-2 as the control class. To see the beginning of the student’s ability to analyze daily tests (UH) on the subjects of MDE. Collecting data in this study using achievement test (posstest) in the from of an objective matter as much as 25 items. Data were analyzed using two different test average (t-test). Based on the research results obtained average value 82.85 post test experimental class and control class 74.91. These results indicate that there are significant of student learning outcomes between experimental class using “Think Pair Share” cooperative methods compared with control classes using traditional method.

scholarly journals Attentional processing of pain faces and other emotional faces in chronic pain–an eye-tracking study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0252398
Author(s):  
Janosch A. Priebe ◽  
Claudia Horn-Hofmann ◽  
Daniel Wolf ◽  
Stefanie Wolff ◽  
Michael Heesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Fixation Durations ◽  
Neutral Face ◽  
Fixation Probabilities

Altered attentional processing of pain-associated stimuli–which might take the form of either avoidance or enhanced vigilance–is thought to be implicated in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. In contrast to reaction time tasks like the dot probe, eye tracking allows for tracking the time course of visual attention and thus differentiating early and late attentional processes. Our study aimed at investigating visual attention to emotional faces in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (N = 20) and matched pain-free controls (N = 20). Emotional faces (pain, angry, happy) were presented in pairs with a neutral face for 2000 ms each. Three parameters were determined: First fixation probabilities, fixation durations (overall and divided in four 500 ms intervals) and a fixation bias score as the relative fixation duration of emotional faces compared to neutral faces. There were no group differences in any of the parameters. First fixation probabilities were lower for pain faces than for angry faces. Overall, we found longer fixation duration on emotional compared to neutral faces (‘emotionality bias’), which is in accord with previous research. However, significant longer fixation duration compared to the neutral face was detected only for happy and angry but not for pain faces. In addition, fixation durations as well as bias scores yielded evidence for vigilant-avoidant processing of pain faces in both groups. These results suggest that attentional bias towards pain-associated stimuli might not generally differentiate between healthy individuals and chronic pain patients. Exaggerated attentional bias in patients might occur only under specific circumstances, e.g., towards stimulus material specifically relating to the specific pain of the patients under study or under high emotional distress.

scholarly journals The Learning Model Used in the Teaching and Learning Process of Environmental Damage in Bandung Basin

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Dede Sugandi ◽  
Nanin Trianawati ◽  
Lili. Somantri
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Average Value ◽  
School Teaching ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Impact

The impacts of environmental damage, such as floods, should be introduced to students in the school teaching and learning. The study aims to: Find out the factors causing floods in Bandung and analyse the teaching and learning models in understanding the impact of environmental damage. To raise awareness and understanding of the learning process is done by bringing students to the flood scene location with Pre-Experimental Designs learning model. The media used to use video, images and textbook about the flood. This stage is carried out pre-test to the student. This phase is compared with the flood of students to the scene and given an explanation and asked to interview the student communities affected by flooding. After the interviews were conducted Post-test group. It employed the Pre-experimental design model with a sample of 88 students who were divided into 11 groups. The techniques of analysis conducted by providing pre-test and post-test on Students to determine comprehension and students conduct interviews with affected communities.With this model is expected that students can know, understand, and become skilled in revealing evidences from the field regarding how floods occur, the causing factors and its impacts. In the pre-test conducted on students showed mixed results with an average value of 4.94, while the Post-test with an average value of 7:37. The result of the application of the Pre-Experiment design illustrates that students are given learning material and taken to the scene of flooding showed an increase understanding, awareness. This is due to the emotions students affected because of the stories and interviews with people affected by floods. Applied learning models to increase understanding and awareness of environmental destruction can also develop a concern for environmental sustainability. In addition, the study would like to find the stages in the teaching and learning process and how students are engaged emotionally in the process of gaining the knowledge, understanding, and skills. A learning model that engages students emotionally is believed to be able to develop their logic. 

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