scholarly journals Stakhanovite Movement and the Policy of Labour Efficiency Improvement in the Second Part of the 1930s (by the Example of Tula Gunsmiths)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-490
Author(s):  
Sergey Volodin
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Labor Efficiency ◽  
Political Management ◽  
Historical Phenomenon ◽  
New Phenomena ◽  
Meaningful Role

The article considers the phenomenon of Stakhanovite Movement in terms of labor efficiency management in the second part of the 30-s of the 20th century. The author describes the sources of Stakhanovite Movement based on unity of research subject, succession and development. According to the research, the main prerequisites of Stakhanovite Movement include such new phenomena of the Soviet economy as increase in power availability of workers, enhancing their technical literacy, raising the level of workers’ general culture and the role of labor financial incentives. The Stakhanovitе method of improving labor efficiency was based on specialization of qualified and supplementary labor, rationalization of technological process, transfer of best practices and political management of Stakhanovite Movement. At the same time, Stakhanovite Movement had some drawbacks, which were widely described by national and foreign historians. The rhythm of production cycle was regularly disrupted due to arrangement of Stakhanovite shifts, five-day working weeks and month’s campaigns. The expanding progressive piece-work pay system also had some disadvantages. The Stakhanovite Movement content included the strengthening of psycho-physical pressure, which workers were strongly opposed to. Although Stakhanovite Movement played a very meaningful role in labor efficiency improvement based on technological advancement and new financial incentives that led to establishing the Soviet industrial patriotism, a new historical phenomenon.

The Relation Between Financial Incentives, Motivation, and Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaïs Thibault Landry ◽  
Marylène Gagné ◽  
Jacques Forest ◽  
Sylvie Guerrero ◽  
Michel Séguin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
Compensation Plans ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Results

Abstract. To this day, researchers are debating the adequacy of using financial incentives to bolster performance in work settings. Our goal was to contribute to current understanding by considering the moderating role of distributive justice in the relation between financial incentives, motivation, and performance. Based on self-determination theory, we hypothesized that when bonuses are fairly distributed, using financial incentives makes employees feel more competent and autonomous, which in turn fosters greater autonomous motivation and lower controlled motivation, and better work performance. Results from path analyses in three samples supported our hypotheses, suggesting that the effect of financial incentives is contextual, and that compensation plans using financial incentives and bonuses can be effective when properly managed.

Choice and privatisation in Swedish primary care

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Anell
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Financial Responsibility ◽  
New Models ◽  
Financial Characteristics

AbstractIn 2007, a new wave of local reforms involving choice for the population and privatisation of providers was initiated in Swedish primary care. Important objectives behind reforms were to strengthen the role of primary care and to improve performance in terms of access and responsiveness. The purpose of this article was to compare the characteristics of the new models and to discuss changes in financial incentives for providers and challenges regarding governance from the part of county councils. A majority of the models being introduced across the 21 county councils can best be described as innovative combinations between a comprehensive responsibility for providers and significant degrees of freedom regarding choice for the population. Key financial characteristics of fixed payment and comprehensive financial responsibility for providers may create financial incentives to under-provide care. Informed choices by the population, in combination with reasonably low barriers for providers to enter the primary care market, should theoretically counterbalance such incentives. To facilitate such competition is indeed a challenge, not only because of difficulties in implementing informed choices but also because the new models favour large and/or horizontally integrated providers. To prevent monopolistic behaviour, county councils may have to accept more competition as well as more governance over clinical practice than initially intended.

The Role of African Students in Technology Transfer

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-51
Author(s):  
Ephraim Nkwute Aniebona
Keyword(s):  
Human Society ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
African Students ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
Basic Human Needs ◽  
Developed Nations

The term, “technology,” as used here, refers basically to: (1) the science or art of devising tools and instruments and how to use them; (2) the development of new materials and substances and their application; (3) the development of machines to supplement or replace human effort, where desirable and feasible; (4) the development of energy and power resources for running the machines; and (5) the development of efficient methods of doing work—that is, using tools, machines, and instruments. From an observation of human efforts throughout the world, it is clear that every human society is concerned with technology, for it is a proven means by which man has extended his power beyond his physical capacity and gained some control over his environment. Although technology exists in every society, it is the amount and quality of the technology that separates nations today on a scale of economic development. Whilst the developing, technologically backward countries of Africa constantly face the basic human needs of food, shelter, and clothing, the developed nations consume and enjoy a disproportionate amount of the world’s resources and wealth by reason of their technological advancement.

scholarly journals Features of positioning of German university libraries on official websites

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
N. Khymytsia ◽  
M. Kuchma
Keyword(s):  
Rock Music ◽  
Music Programs ◽  
University Libraries ◽  
Sound Recordings ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Creative Music ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Phenomenon ◽  
First Time

The problem of space music as a special cultural phenomenon requires scientific understanding. The purpose of the article is to study the features of the emergence and development of space rock as a specific trend in modern popular culture using the history of the “HAWKWIND” group as an example. The chronology of sound recordings of the “HAWKWIND” group as one of the founders of the “Space Rock Music” is established. The role of Dave Broсk, Bob Kalvert and other group participants in the creation of creative music programs is noted. It is proved that these musicians are the principles of the historical phenomenon, which received popularity as “Space Rock”. For the first time, the analysis of “HAWKWIND” sound documents through the prism of the history of space music development has been proposed.

scholarly journals Jagiellonianism in Poland and Ukraine as a factor of university education and a cultural and historical phenomenon

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 68-79
Author(s):  
Oksana A. Hysa ◽  
Ihor V. Stepaniuk ◽  
Liudmyla S. Vaniuha ◽  
Bogdana Ye Zhorniak ◽  
Iryna V. Rehulich
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Genetic Code ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
University Education ◽  
Academic Education ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Historical Phenomenon ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The relevance of the research topic consists in the necessity of a comprehensive study of the educational and scientific activities of the departments of musicology of Krakow and Lviv universities during the first half of the twentieth century in the context of coverage of the interaction experience between Ukrainian and foreign higher education institutions so to determine in such way the features and values of the Ukrainian music science in the European scientific and educational space. The purpose of the research is to discover and to analyze the creative activity of the departments of musicology at the Krakow and Lviv Universities in the context of Jagellonism through the consideration of the principles of European musical academic education since the establishment of these institutions in 1911-1912 and till the beginning of the XXI century. The scientific novelty of the research consists in finding out the leading role of Z. Jachimecky and A. Chybi?ski in the formation and development of national musicological schools in Poland and Ukraine as inheritors of the cultural genetic code of Jagiellonism. That cultural genetic code consisted of special attention to the inter-Slavic relations within the Western-Eastern cultural heritage. 

scholarly journals Public support for ‘soft’ versus ‘hard’ public policies: Review of the evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanchayan Banerjee ◽  
Manu Savani ◽  
Ganga Shreedhar
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Educational Campaigns

This article reviews the literature on public support for ‘soft’ versus ‘hard’ policy instruments for behaviour change, and the factors that drive such preferences. Soft policies typically include ‘moral suasion’ and educational campaigns, and more recently behavioural public policy approaches like nudges. Hard policy instruments, such as laws and taxes, restrict choices and alter financial incentives. In contrast to the public support evidenced for hard policy instruments during COVID-19, prior academic literature pointed to support for softer policy instruments. We investigate and synthesise the evidence on when people prefer one type of policy instrument over another. Drawing on multi-disciplinary evidence, we identify perceived effectiveness, trust, personal experience and self-interest as important determinants of policy instrument preferences, along with broader factors including the choice and country context. We further identify various gaps in our understanding that informs and organise a future research agenda around three themes. Specifically, we propose new directions for research on what drives public support for hard versus soft behavioural public policies, highlighting the value of investigating the role of individual versus contextual factors (especially the role of behavioural biases); how preferences evolve over time; and whether and how preferences spillovers across different policy domains.

When a Little May Be Just Enough? Caring for People With Swallowing Difficulties at the End of Life, and Their Caregivers

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Roe ◽  
Rob George
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Specialist Palliative Care ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Dying Patients ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Swallowing Difficulties ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Nutrition And Hydration ◽  
Meaningful Role

Nutrition and hydration are emotive topics in many fields of health care. This can present particular challenges towards the end of life where reduced hydration and nutritional needs are a natural part of dying. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are increasingly involved in the care of dying patients. It is essential that they work as part of a dedicated, multidisciplinary team delivering a comprehensive package of specialist palliative care. In this paper, we will review the role of the SLP at the end of life and present information that will support the SLP to recognise and understand dying, and how medical and SLP interventions may compound rather than relieve symptoms. It is paramount that interventions are ethically sound and decision making is shared, respecting the autonomy of patients. In the event patients lack capacity, any advance directives/decisions and statements should be considered in consultation with caregivers. At the end of life, the focus of our intervention may shift from the patient to the caregiver, ensuring that they have a meaningful role in the care of their loved one in the final stages of dying.

Impact of Financial Incentives on Diabetes Prevention Class Attendance and Program Completion: Evidence From Minnesota, Montana, and New York

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria L. Alva ◽  
Melissa Romaire ◽  
Joseph Acquah
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Program Completion ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Completion Rates ◽  
Class Attendance ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Model

Purpose: To test the role of financial incentives to motivate engagement in diabetes prevention programs (DPPs). Design: Minnesota, Montana, and New York randomized 3 different approaches to providing incentives: incentivizing class attendance and weight loss (all states), class attendance only (NY), and weight loss only (NY). We used New York to test how different approaches to providing incentives influence DPP completion and attendance. Setting: Health-care facilities and local young men’s Christian association. Participants: Eight hundred thirty one Medicaid enrollees in Minnesota, 204 in Montana, and 560 in New York. Intervention Measure: Impact of the financial incentives on DPP program completion rates. We measured completion of DPP classes in 2 ways: completing 9 or more or 16 or more DPP classes. Analysis: Multivariate logistic model to compare completion of DPP classes between participants randomized into receiving financial incentives and controls. Results: Receipt of incentives was associated with higher odds at attending 9 or more classes (odds ratio [OR]: 2.2; P < .01) in Minnesota, Montana (OR: 2.2; P < .05), and New York (OR: 1.9; P < .01) as well as attending 16 or more classes in Minnesota (OR: 3.1; P < .01), Montana (OR: 2.1; P < .01), and New York (OR: 2.9; P < .01). In New York, individuals paid to attend classes attended more classes than individuals paid based on results only. Conclusion: Among Medicaid beneficiaries, financial incentives improve DPP class attendance.

Maturity in competing tourism destinations: the case of Tenerife

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Javier Báez-García ◽  
Francisco Flores-Muñoz ◽  
Josué Gutiérrez-Barroso
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Functional Forms ◽  
Political Management ◽  
Tourist Infrastructure ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
Tourist Demand

Purpose The main purpose of this paper is to contribute to the ongoing literature on the pertinence of TALC (tourism area life cycle) to model and analyse mature destinations, using quantitative data and alternative functional forms. With this purpose, this work analyses the recent data on tourist demand in Tenerife (Canary Islands), which is supposed to be playing the role of “refuge” with respect to other competing resorts, when the latter ones present political instability after the so-called Arab Springs, particularly the Middle East and North Africa. Design/methodology/approach To analyse the data, and to explore potential epiphenomenon, nonlinear competing regression analysis were performed (logistic, Gaussian and logarithmic), taking into account some insights from tourism life cycle theories. Findings Some suggestions are presented for political management of these destinations that are still working under a moratorium on tourist infrastructure. Research limitations/implications Once the TALC is accepted – even under discussion – in the scholarly fore, certain incentives arise to identify, interpret and communicate signals of maturity. Public funds and specific policies (moratoria) can then be solicited to political instances. Further empirical research, complementary quantitative approaches, along with new data that confronts the evolution of demand in Tenerife with paulatine reactivation of competing destinations, will be strongly required to overcome the limitations of this first attempt and to properly determine the effectiveness of rejuvenation policies. Besides, additional quantitative data should be considered to explore the potential explanatory factors beyond the time series analysis into models that are more theoretical. Originality/value The results suggest that the diagnosis of maturity was at least premature in the first place, poorly based on data analysis and fast in promoting specific policies whose effectiveness is under discussion even after decades.

INVESTMENT AND BUILDING INDUSTRY AS A GUARANTEE OF INCREASING THE LIVING STANDARD OF THE POPULATION AND THE FOUNDATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE COUNTRY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Savchenko ◽  
Serhii Stoika ◽  
Oleg Makliuk
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
European Standards

The situation in the construction complex of the state and crisis phenomena in it are shown. It is proposed to return to the basic components of system management of the industry, lost due to spontaneous pseudo-market processes. Problems that need to be overcome are systematized, they are the following: attracting investments, increasing effective demand in the domestic market, strengthening the competitiveness of production, the predominance of innovative technologies, increasing the quality of products and facilities, bringing the legal framework to European standards, training of employees and managers. The state of the housing market, the importance of its openness, transparency, systematization and regulation are described. The special importance of the regulatory function of the state in the current situation is pointed out. The importance and role of comprehensive activities for housing construction economic growth is emphasized. The need to create conditions for increasing the volume of products sold under international agreements through investment and interstate projects is noted. The relationship between the results of the construction industry and the effective use of human capital is given, for which each company needs measures to improve work with staff, improve their skills, financial incentives and social security. The expediency of introducing the mechanism of energy service in construction, which is part of the management system with subsystems of planning, organization, regulation, motivation and control, is proved. The role of methods for evaluating the effectiveness of innovative activities of enterprises to ensure quality and effective management of production processes is analyzed. The information on development schemes of the organization at registration of the allowing documentation, financing, designing, market research, selection of participants, accounting, construction, property management is provided. The function of settlements' territories as separate objects at construction of inhabited premises is defined. Award on the need for construction and reconstruction of "sleeping" areas in cities, which requires significant investment, development of building structures, as well as established close relationships with industrial, commercial, cultural, entertainment and other facilities.

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