scholarly journals Preliminary Acute Toxicological Analysis and Profiling of a Commercially Available Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) Xanthone Capsule

10.17158/487 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenny James Merin
Keyword(s):  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Test Animal ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Toxicological Profile ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Serum Glutamic Pyruvate Transaminase

<p>Mangosteen is known for its wide variety of healing properties, but studies on its toxicity remained insufficient. Toxicological profile of commercially available Garcinia mangostana xanthone capsule was evaluated using a true experimental research design. Acute oral toxicity and toxicant category were employed. After the test animal was administered with xanthone capsule, biomarker such as Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Serum Glutamic Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and Serum Creatinine levels were evaluated using the Swiss albino mice. Histopathological (liver and kidney) analyses were conducted and determination of mutagenicity and heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Hg) were also pursued. Results reveal that acute oral toxicity dose had zero deaths from 300, 2000 up to 5000 mg/ kg. This classified in category 5 as nontoxic (OECD 423). ALT/SGPT value of 125.00±21.9317 was higher than the normal (0-41 u/L). BUN (7.75 ± 0.1858) and serum creatinine (93.00±20.0749) exhibited higher than the normal at 1.78-6.07 umol/L and 44 umol/L, respectively. This means the sample may cause hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Analysis on positive likelihood ratio of 1.333 was higher than the negative ratio of 0.6667 while kidney had 1.333 higher than the negative ratio of 0.6667. No revertant colony was observed using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 compared to the benzene (368 colonies). It was within the allowable limits for lead (0.003 µg/g) and mercury (0.002 µg/g). However, cadmium exceeded the limits of 0.01 having a mean of 0.23 µg/g.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Pharmacology, toxicology, Garcinia mangostana, xanthone, experimental, Davao City, Philippines.</p>

Investigation of antiulcer activity of Pergularia extensa Linn

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Pavani C H
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Gastric Lesions ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Dose Dependent

This study was based on determination of the antiulcer activity from methanol extract was prepared by using barks of pergularia extensa linn.. Priliminary investigations showed presence of saponins, terpenes, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids and sterols. Based on OECD-423 Guidelines, the pharmacology and acute oral toxicity studies were conducted by using methanolic extract. Ulcer development was prevented by Tannins because of their vasoconstriction effects and due to protein precipitation. Similarly, the Methanolic extract of Pergularia extensa Linn shows triterpenoids and saponins. The phytoconstituents are present in the extract and these could be possible agents which are involved in order to prevent gastric lesions induced by aspirin. When compared to ulcerative control groups, this Pergularia extensa Linn., shows a dose dependent curative ratio. The extracts exhibited an inhibition percentage of 27.18, 45.47 and 61.28 at doses of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg doses respectively. 

Acute Oral Toxicity Determination of Methyl Pyridyl Ketone in the Rat

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Costello ◽  
R. C. Myers ◽  
C. E. Manderfield ◽  
T. G. Osimitz
Keyword(s):  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity

scholarly journals Acute, Subacute, and Genotoxicity Assessments of a Proprietary Blend of Garcinia mangostana Fruit Rind and Cinnamomum tamala Leaf Extracts (CinDura®)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sundararaju Dodda ◽  
Venkata Krishnaraju Alluri ◽  
Trimurtulu Golakoti ◽  
Krishanu Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Cinnamomum Tamala ◽  
Fruit Rind

The present communication describes a battery of toxicity studies that include an acute oral toxicity, a subacute twenty-eight-day repeated oral dose toxicity, and genotoxicity studies on a herbal formulation CinDura® (GMCT). This proprietary herbal composition contains the extracts of the Garcinia mangostana fruit rind (GM) and the Cinnamomum tamala leaf (CT). The toxicological evaluations were performed following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines. The acute oral toxicity study in Wistar rats suggests that the median lethal dose of CinDura® is at least 2000 mg/kg body weight. Acute dermal and eye irritation tests in New Zealand white rabbits indicate that the test item is nonirritant to the skin and eyes. A twenty-eight-day repeated dose oral toxicity study was conducted in male and female Wistar rats using daily doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight, followed by a fourteen-day reversal period for two satellite groups. The CinDura®-supplemented animals did not show any sign of toxicity on their body weights, organ weights, and on the hematobiochemical parameters. The gross pathology and histopathological examinations indicated no treatment-related changes in the experimental animals. Overall, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the herbal blend is 1000 mg/kg body weight, the highest tested dose. Also, the results of the bacterial reverse mutation test and the erythrocyte micronucleus assay in mouse bone marrow suggest that CinDura® (GMCT) is neither mutagenic nor clastogenic.

Determination of the acute oral toxicity of theophylline in conscious dogs

1988 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.J. MUNSIFF ◽  
B.C. MCKIERNAN ◽  
C. A. NEFF-DAVIS ◽  
G. D. KORITZ
Keyword(s):  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity

scholarly journals Acute and sub-acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of the stem bark of Rauwolfia vomitoria (Apocynaceae) in Wistar rats.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-385
Author(s):  
Youmbie Djanche Duplex Bonheur ◽  
Dzeufiet Djomeni Paul Désiré ◽  
Kada Sanda Antoine ◽  
Fotsing David ◽  
Dimo Théophile
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Liver And Kidney

The present study investigated the toxicological potential of the oral administration of the stem bark aqueous extract of R. vomitoria on the liver and kidney in rats. Acute oral toxicity study of the extract to a single dose of 2000 mg/kg was studied in 10 rats of both sexes. Sub –acute oral toxicity of aqueous extract of was carried out on 60 rats. We constituted 4 groups of 10 rats each (5 males and 5 females) which were orally administered 300, 600, and 900 mg/kg of aqueous extract and control group received water. 2 group satellites (SAT) of 10 rats each (5 males and 5 females) in which one group (SAT 900 mg/kg) was received orally 900 mg/kg of aqueous extract and another (SAT control) water. Serum blood was collected for biochemical and haematological parameters. The liver and kidney served for histological examination. No deaths of acute oral toxicity were recorded. In female rats, Aspartate Aminotransferase (ASAT) activity increased by 31.20 % and Alamine Aminotransferase (ALAT) increased by 37.20 %. In male rats, only ALAT activity increased significantly by 35.37 % compared to control. Haematological analysis revealed in male rats treated at the dose of 900 mg/kg an increase significant (p<0.001) level of white blood cells with 52.20 %, compared to control group. Histological examination of liver and kidney showed normal architecture. Aqueous extract has untoward effect on liver and kidney, could be considered non-toxic.

scholarly journals Study on Acute Oral Toxicity of Ethanolic Extract of Annonasquamosa Leaves in Mice (Musmusculus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Khairunnisa ◽  
Andini Dita Utami ◽  
Marianne
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dose Method ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Tubular Dilatation

Abstract. The aims of this study were to determine the potential for acute oral toxicity of ethanolic extract of A.squamosa leaves with LD50 and the histopathological changes in liver and kidney of mice.This research used experimental method as per fixed dose method. The number of animals used in this research were 20 female mice. The study was divided into 2 steps, there were sighting and main studies. The control group was given Na-CMC 0.5%, the treatment groups were given ethanolic extract of A.squamosa leaves with doses of 5, 50, 300,  2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg bw. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of A.squamosa leaves with doses of 2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg bw did not show any toxicity signs. At a dose of 5,000 mg/kg bw caused hydropic degeneration, necrosis hepatocyte, glomerular atrophy, and tubular dilatation.  There was no mortality was observed.It was estimated that LD50 of ethanolic extract of A.squamosa leaves was higher than 5,000 mg/kg bw and the extract were practically non-toxic. Keywords: Acute Toxicity,  Annona squamosa, Ethanolic Extract

The Determination of the Repeated Oral Toxicity of Halocarbon Oil, Series 27-S

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin R. Kinkead ◽  
Brenda T. Culpepper ◽  
Sandra S. Henry ◽  
Phyllis S. Szotak ◽  
Carlyle D. Flemming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Liver Enlargement

Halocarbon 27-S (HC 27-S), a polymer of chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), is used as a lubricating oil for pumps in hyperbaric chambers. Although monomeric CTFE has been shown to produce renal lesions in rats, the toxicity of CTFE polymers have not been investigated. To assess the toxicity of repeated exposure to HC 27–S, three groups (N = 6/group) of male and female Fischer-344 rats were dosed with 2.5 g HC 27-S/kg for 7 or 21 consecutive days. Groups were sacrificed at 7, 21, and 35 days (14 days after the 21-day dosing). Corresponding control groups (N = 6) were dosed with deionized water. Decreased water consumption and urine output were apparent in all test groups. Statistically significant increases in fluoride excretion were noted in 24-hr urine samples assessed periodically during the study. Neurotoxic signs were observed in female rats but not in male rats. Significant increases in liver and kidney weights were seen in all rats, regardless of number of dosing days. The increased fluoride burden in treated animals appeared sufficient to alter bone calcium/phosphate ratios in male rats but not female rats. Gross liver enlargement and hepatocellular cytomegaly indicated that the liver was probably the primary target organ following repeated administration of HC 27-S. (Supported by US Navy through Air Force Contract # F33615-085-C-0532.)

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