scholarly journals An outline of the connections among political transformation, the change of the elites and market transformation

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
György Lengyel
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Market Transformation

The study deals with issues related to the types of connections between institutions and elites in the context of political transformations. Its essential message is that the asynchronies produced between elite structures and institutional structures determine whether the transformation will be peaceful or violent, controlled or of a spontaneous character. Subsequently, the paper presents the dimensions of elite circulation, and it discusses the relations between the ways of elite change and institutional changes. It reviews the theories of the connections between political changes and market transformation, concluding with the statement that real political transformation can only occur if it brings along both market and political changes

Political transformations in the CEE post-communist countries: theoretical and metodological approaches

2017 ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Vira Burdjak
Keyword(s):  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Hybrid Regimes ◽  
Illiberal Democracy ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
Political Realities

Theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of political transformations in the CEE post-communist countries have been analyzed. The author argues that democratic transits do not guarantee transition to democracy and its consolidation. They are just polymorphic conversion processes from one political state to another, where the final destination is not always a democracy. They are influenced by general international factors, which allows us to consider the democratic transits, which may not consolidate into democracy, as integral components of the modern global democratic wave. Their real democratic value is not a definite variable. Political realities indicate that some of the transits proceed to illiberal democracy and hybrid regimes with different (non-) democratic features or often with versions of a new authoritarianism. In electoral democracies, only the external, formal sides of the democracy and democratic procedures are imitated, especially elections, which does not give grounds to relate these regimes to the democratic ones. Keywords: Post-communist countries of CEE, theoretical and methodological approaches, political transformation

“Hard Times Make for Hard Arteries and Hard Livers”: Deindustrialization, Biopolitics, and the Making of a New Working Class

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-132
Author(s):  
Gabriel Winant
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social History ◽  
Conceptual Role ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Hard Times ◽  
Market Transformation ◽  
The New Deal ◽  
Economic Regime

Abstract This article argues for a view of “actually existing neoliberalism,” identifying points of continuity from midcentury social democracy and showing how American neoliberalism developed unevenly across a preexisting landscape. It does so with a case study of labor market transformation in Pittsburgh, showing a causal relationship between the New Deal state’s institutional structures and the rise of low-wage employment in health care in the 1970s and 1980s. The low-wage service economy did not only come after the high-wage industrial economy: it grew out of it, sped by the decline of steel manufacturing and shaped within the distinctive matrix of the postwar public-private welfare. In establishing this historical process, the article also suggests that social history can play a useful conceptual role linking Foucauldian and Marxist accounts of neoliberalism, by showing concretely the role of the production of subjectivity and the governance of population in the establishment of the neoliberal economic regime. Pointing to a homology between the structural role of incarceration in neoliberalism and that of health care, the article suggests the term “biopolitical Keynesianism” for understanding this conceptual synthesis, which uncovers new contradictions within neoliberalism.

scholarly journals The Role of ‘Ulama (Arabic Scholars) In The 19th Century Yoruba Nation And Politics

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-74
Author(s):  
A. O. Hashimi
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Historical Materials ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
The People ◽  
Muslim Immigrants ◽  
History Of ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The 19Th Century

The nineteenth Century was a revolutionary period in the history of societies, kingdoms and empires in Yorubaland. The Century witnessed profound and irreversible social, religious and political transformations in the lives of the people who lived in the region. Both internal and external factors were responsible for these processes of change. The consequential events centred on commerce, politics, religion, warfare, intra-and intergroup relations, and reform and adjustment to new ways of life. This paper describes the activities of the Muslims in the 19th century Yoruba Politics, and the significant roles played by the ‘Ulama in the period under study. Islam was introduced to Yorubaland before the 19th century, and the population was reinforced by the ingress of Muslim immigrants and Hausa slaves who were brought to Oyo Empire. In this diverse group different roles were played by the Muslim community and the ‘Ulama (clerics). The activities of the Muslims had momentous impact on 19th century Yoruba politics in different ways as recorded in Arabic documents and other historical materials. In the course of time, Muslims occupied positions of great authority in royal administration. They used their position to promote Islam. This paper argues that the roles of the ‘Ulama in the political transformation and social change in Yorubaland was so important that its impact is felt till today.

scholarly journals Innovative Ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Radicalization of Modern Political Transformations

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
L. A. Gainutdinova
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
The People ◽  
Revolutionary Movements ◽  
Full Power ◽  
The One

The ideological romanticism of freedom and equality, having its origins in the political philosophy of Zh. J. Russo, does not lose its relevance today. The revolutionary ideas of J.J.Russault, which laid the foundations for a radical democratic paradigm, inspire new reformist and revolutionary movements around the world. The practical implementation of these ideas often leads to a radicalization of the order of political transformation, substantially reducing the line between democracy and dictatorship.This has been repeatedly observed in political history, beginning with the French Revolution and ending with a modern wave of revolutions in different countries, where radical democrats, destroying and capturing power, proclaim freedom in the name of new equality. By neglecting the real limits of historical action, redefining the role and significance of revolutionary violence, the radicals launch a process that can lead to serious danger for society and the state. Indeed, in reality, equality means only a break with the former public asymmetry, which is replaced by new values – privileged access to a new system of hierarchies. In this case, the national fabric is torn apart, all the public cells collapse, the will to establish freedom, leads to terror, destroying this same freedom, and the revolution turns into a counter to what served as its beginning. As soon as it seems to the people that he (the one who «made» this revolution) receives all the full power, this power, well-founded in numerous theories and concepts, in reality slips out of his hands and becomes elusive. The ideas that prevailed in the pre-revolutionary period and played a positive role in the process of preparing revolutionary events are highlighted as completely incapacitated.

scholarly journals MIĘDZY KONIECZNOŚCIĄ A MOŻLIWOŚCIAMI – PRZEKSZTAŁCENIA W RESORCIE SPRAW WEWNĘTRZNYCH W OKRESIE TRANSFORMACJI USTROJOWEJ W POLSCE; ASPEKTY ORGANIZACYJNO-PRAWNE

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Piotr Majer
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Security Service ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
State Protection

BETWEEN THE NECESSITY AND CAPABILITIES – TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT DURING THE POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION; THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGISLATIVE ASPECTS Summary The reconstruction of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was a very important task in the process of political transformations initiated in Poland in 1989. This postulate, made under the provisions of the statutory law, was materialised in 3 resolutions adopted by the Parliament on 6 April 1990. Pursuant to the provisions of those resolutions , the internal affairs minister was deprived of his law enforcement powers, becoming solely the supreme body of state administration implementing national policies in the area of state protection, security and public order. The above functions were transferred to the respective agencies reporting to the minister. In the successive resolutions adopted on 6 April 1990, the Parliament set forth the powers and organisational principles of two such agencies – the Police and the State Protection Office. The above began operations on 10 May 1990 when the said resolutions came into force. In the final part of the article, the author discusses the controversy surrounding the drafting of the above resolutions, including staff affairs relating to the winding up of the Security Service and the Citizens’ Militia.

The Legal Framework on Disappearances in Mexico: From Demands to the Law and Back to Demands

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-122
Author(s):  
Sandra Serrano ◽  
Volga de Pina Ravest
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Legal Authority ◽  
Legal Change ◽  
General Law ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
The Law ◽  
Persistent Violence ◽  
The Government

This chapter explains that the General Law on Disappearances in Mexico is a legal change achieved by a broad mobilisation of families of victims of disappearance in a challenging context of persistent violence in the country. The Law helps to improve the relevant standards related to searching for disappeared persons, guaranteeing the rights of the victims’ families, furthering the investigation of forced disappearance caused by the government and/or individuals, as well as creating the institutional structures focused on the search for persons. Despite this, the law’s innovative advances coexist alongside previous institutional mechanisms that perpetuate practices contrary to the rights of victims and their families, which risk neutralising the Law. Accordingly, the chapter focuses on the promotion of legal mobilisation strategies in countries, such as Mexico, which accept normative and institutional changes without worrying about their enforcement, since, in practice, new provisions clash with previously created structures that have similar legal authority but greater decision-making power, and are, thus, better able to exercise that authority.

Reading Text

Doing Text ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 17-36
Author(s):  
Steph Hendry
Keyword(s):  
Media Studies ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Analytical Skills ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Reading Text ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject

This chapter discusses the act of reading text. In a valid and logical response to the cultural and institutional changes taking place, Media Studies started to look at the rise of e-media and its impact on the construction and consumption of media products. Always looking to be a contemporary subject, this refocus allowed teachers and students an opportunity to engage with the new institutional structures and audience behaviours. The subject changed its terminology and no longer focused on 'texts' but on 'media products'. This shift in the discourse identified that the act of 'reading' the-media had become a secondary consideration. This move away from what was seen as an 'old fashioned' textual focus has meant that students are often having to deal with complex ideas about how the-media works without first developing a confident analytical skills-base. The chapter then looks at the act of reading television, literary texts, 'high art' on TV, and games and beyond. Providing different reading experiences for students is the first step to helping them develop an appreciation for the complex art of reading.

Political Economy of the Greening of the State

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Historical Sociology ◽  
The State ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Green State ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Radical Transformation

Two different general claims have been made about large-scale political transformations produced by responses to environmental change. One is the claim that we are witnessing the potential emergence of a “green state,” where states internalize an ecological function as a core state imperative. Another is that we are undergoing a transition to an “environmental state.” The former claim thus envisages a radical transformation and its theory of the state based on historical sociology, while the latter is more skeptical about the capacity of states to undergo radical transformation, being informed by neo-Marxist accounts of the state. This chapter uses responses to climate change—a key test case for claims about large-scale political transformation—to suggest that some substantial transformations in the state are occurring, but that the driving forces are indeed political–economic and thus existing accounts of the “green state” need to be reformulated in this light.

Strategic Curiosity: A Way to Awaken Awareness of a Common Future

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-113
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Misztal
Keyword(s):  
Academic Culture ◽  
Public Intellectual ◽  
Public Intellectuals ◽  
For Profit ◽  
The Core ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
The World ◽  
The University ◽  
Common Future

Abstract Intellectual strategies change in response to broader socio-political transformations of the world and the development of new means of communication. In today’s complex and fragmented intellectual landscape, public intellectuals perform various functions and conceive different strategies. As traditional public intellectuals are finding it much harder to argue with authority, thought leaders, or new for-profit thinkers linked to ideologically driven think tanks, are getting new visibility. Yet another group, the ‘new intellectuals’, who in contrast to traditional public intellectuals housed at the university are detached from its institutional structures, contributes to the non-academic culture of criticism of neo-liberalism. As these three groups are not engaged in meaningful conversations, a work on the restoration of the severed links between wonder at the world and the imagination to think beyond the present is neglected. In the hope that all three groups of today’s intellectuals, despite their different values and styles, can still place curiosity at the core of their strategies, this paper argues that primarily it should be a task of the traditional public intellectual to awaken people’s awareness of a common future. It concludes that to re-empower the traditional public intellectual, there is a need to prevent modern universities from becoming places with little room for curiosity.

scholarly journals The National Innovative System Development Strategy as the Institutional Framework of Sustainable Development: Features and Risks of Russian Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 01032
Author(s):  
Andrei Aleinikov ◽  
Daria Maltseva ◽  
Olga Safonova ◽  
Anastasia Dedul ◽  
Daria Kosareva
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
System Development ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Innovative System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Russian Model

This article is concerned with the features of the Russian national innovative system as the set of related various institutional structures in the context of the impact on the national sustainable development. The ability to quickly and efficiently master innovations, the speed of institutional changes and the openness of the economic system are analyzed as risks to the NIS development. It is shown that the low innovation susceptibility of society can become a serious obstacle on the way to the effective NIS. A range of issues related to the influence of political and sociocultural factors on the technological and investment abilities and capabilities of the country is problematized, the features of the functioning and development of the Russian national innovative system are shown.

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