scholarly journals Effects of different dietary threonine levels on growth and slaughter performance in finishing pigs

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 447-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Plitzner ◽  
T. Ettle ◽  
S. Handl ◽  
P. Schmidt ◽  
W. Windisch
Keyword(s):  
Basal Diet ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Slaughter Performance ◽  
Plasma Urea Concentration ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Goblet Cell Density

The objective of this study was to determine the threonine (Thr) requirement of a modern crossbred growing pig from Austria in the finisher stage (67 to 113 kg body weight). For on average 50 days, 30 castrated male and 30 female pigs were fed isonitrogenous diets (135 g/kg crude protein, 8.0 g/kg lysine) supplemented with increasing levels of crystalline Thr. Total dietary Thr contents (g/kg) were 4.9 (basal diet), 5.0, 5.4, 5.8, 6.1, 6.5, corresponding to a Thr:Lys ratio of about 0.60, 0.64, 0.68, 0.73, 0.76, 0.81. Dietary Thr concentration of 5.4 g/kg improved daily gains by about 15 percentage points (<i>P</I> < 0.05) and the feed conversion ratio by about 7 percentage points, compared to pigs fed the basal diet (4.9 g/kg Thr). Increasing dietary Thr above 5.4 g/kg had no further effects on performance. The blood plasma urea concentration was minimized at a dietary Thr concentration of 6.1 g/kg. For all treatments there was a low effect of dietary Thr supply on carcass quality. Goblet cell density in the small intestine and colon did not differ between different levels of dietary Thr. Based on the results of growth performance, an optimum total dietary Thr:Lys ratio in the finisher stage of pigs ranges from 0.66 to 0.68.

scholarly journals Sticky coffee hull silage on the feeding of growing and finishing pigs

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Levi de Oliveira Carvalho ◽  
Ivan Moreira ◽  
Antonio Claudio Furlan ◽  
Diovani Paiano ◽  
Liliane Maria Piano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Price Relationship ◽  
Stomach Weight ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Two experiments were carried out with the objective of evaluating the performance and carcass traits of growing and finishing pigs fed rations with sticky coffee hull silage. In experiment 1, the coffee hulls were ground through a 4-mm screen and ensiled with 30% water and enzymatic-bacterial inoculant and evaluated in digestibility trial with 15 crossbred pigs distributed in a completely randomised design. Overall, the ensiling process did not improve the digestibility of the sticky coffee hulls. In experiment 2, it was used 60 pigs (32.52 to 59.58 kg) in the growing phase and 55 pigs (61.70 to 90.27 kg) in the finishing phase, distributed in a completely randomised design with five diets (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16% of sticky coffee hull silage) and six replicates. In the growing and finishing phase, inclusion of levels of sticky coffee hull silage did not affect feed intake, weight gain, and plasma urea nitrogen. However, in the finishing phase, feed conversion improved as the levels of sticky coffee hull silage increased. Responses by backfat thickness and marbling were quadratic, whereas empty stomach weight increased linearly when sticky coffee hull silage was included in the diet. Sticky coffee hull silage has good nutritional value and if used in levels up to 16% of the diet, it does not impair performance of pigs in the growing and finishing phases and it results in leaner carcasses. However, the economic feasibility of its use depends on the price relationship of this by-product with the other feedstuffs.

Methionine, cystine and choline requirements of the growing pig

1984 ◽  
Vol 1984 ◽  
pp. 58-58
Author(s):  
Lynda J. Ferrier ◽  
D.J.A. Cole ◽  
D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Initial Experiment ◽  
Methyl Donors ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Sulphur Amino Acids ◽  
Different Levels

In addition to acting as a source of the amino acid itself, methionine can act as a source of methyl groups. The requirement for sulphur amino acids is therefore influenced by the inclusion level of alternative methyl donors in the diet e.g. choline. An initial experiment was designed to ensure an adequate supply of choline so that in subsequent studies the need for methionine per se could be established. Blood metabolites were used to study the requirements. Three diets with different levels of methionine plus cystine (3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 g/kg) were formulated and randomly assigned to 36 pigs. To a basal diet, containing 660 mg/kg choline, choline chloride was added producing diets with choline levels of 660, 860, 1060, 1260, 1460 and 1660 mg/kg. The pigs were randomly allocated three levels of choline, each for a period of three days; this ensured that each treatment was repeated six times. Blood samples were taken by jugular venepuncture 4 hours after feeding at the end of each 3 day period and repeated at 3 liveweights (35, 55 and 75 kg). Blood parameters (urea and plasma amino acids) were used to measure the response.

scholarly journals Impact of Replacing Different Levels of Panicum maximum in Rabbit Diets on Growth Performance, Hemato-Biochemical Profile, and Histological Responses of Some Internal Organs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-577
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Abd El-Rahman El-Folly ◽  
Mahmoud Saad Abou Sekken ◽  
Hossni El-Sayed Abo-Eid ◽  
Hanan Saad El-Samahy ◽  
Disouky Mohamed Mourad
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Different Levels

There has been an interest in alternative sources in rabbit feeding. Therefore, the current study aimed to estimate the health status, growth performance, hemato-biochemical, and histological picture of some important internal organs in growing Newziland rabbits as a result of replacing different levels of Panicum maximum (PM) in its pelleted diet. A total of 35 weaned rabbits (20 males and 15 females) aged 5 weeks were purchased with an average body weight of 839.7 ± 7.05 g and 771.20 ± 9.19 g for males and females, respectively. Randomly, five equal rabbit groups were formed (7 rabbits in each group). The first group (control) was fed a basal diet without PM. The second, third, fourth, and fifth groups were fed pelleted diets containing PM with a replacing percent of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of clover hay, respectively. All groups were fed ad libitum of pelleted feed for two months. The blood was aspirated individually three times, including at the beginning of the experiment (as zero time), after one month, and at the end of the experiment, respectively. The whole blood was used for the measurement of hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit percentage, erythrocytes, and total leukocyte counts. At the experimental end, in each group, 3 male rabbits were sacrificed and their internal organs including liver, kidney, cecum, and rectum were collected for histopathology. The live body weight was significantly affected by sex where males were heavier than females, also feed conversion ratio, growth rate, and feed intake were significantly affected by feeding on different levels of PM. Blood hemoglobin, hematocrit, and the total leukocytic count had a non-significant effect while the erythrocyte count increased significantly in all experimental groups. There were insignificant changes in plasma total protein, albumin, globulin, ALT, AST, creatinine, and glucose concentrations when different levels of PM were added. furthermore, the plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly decreased in rabbits fed PM, 75% and 100% when compared with 25%, 50%, and control groups. Finally, replacement PM instead of clover hay in pelleted diets till 75% was found to be the safety and optimum percentage for biological and healthy rabbits.

Performance of pigs given diets containing different levels of triticale

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Nishimuta ◽  
G. R. Sunki ◽  
D. R. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Quality Grade ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Finisher Diets

ABSTRACTSixty crossbred female and male castrate pigs were randomly allocated to five treatments in which 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80% of the ground maize in grower and finisher diets was replaced by triticale on an equal weight basis.Pigs receiving the basal maize growing diet (0% tritcale) gained less than pigs fed the triticale diets (P<0·05). Pigs given the diets in which 20% of the maize was replaced by triticale gained significantly more than those given the other diets (P<0·05). Increasing replacement in the grower diets beyond 20% resulted in a linear decrease in consumption and weight gains (P<0·05). Feed conversion was similar for all diets which contained triticale.The basal finisher diet, and the diet with 20% of the maize replaced, promoted better feed consumption and weight gain than the diets in which 40, 60 and 80% of the maize was replaced by triticale during the finishing phase and for the entire 109-day growing-finishing period. Carcass quality grade was higher for pigs fed the basal diet and the diet in which 20% of the maize was replaced by triticale (P<0·05 ) but there were no differences in the other parameters of carcass quality, nor in the composition, cooking quality and organoleptics,. of the longissimus muscle. Fatty acid profiles of the longissimus muscle indicated that palmitic and oleic acids were significantly higher (P<0·05 ) and linoleic and palmitoleic significantly lower (P<;0·05) in pigs given the basal and 20% replacement diets than in pigs given the other diets. The results show that triticale could replace maize partially (up to 20%) in diets for pigs.

scholarly journals Digestible tryptophan levels for male broilers in pre-starter and starter diets

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2529
Author(s):  
Bruno Samuel Borges ◽  
Romão Da Cunha Nunes ◽  
Jose Henrique Strighini ◽  
Alessandra Gimenez Mascarenhas ◽  
Heloísa Helena de Carvalho Mello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Polynomial Regression Models ◽  
Different Levels

The objective was to determine the digestible tryptophan requirements for male broilers in pre-starter and starter phases. Two experiments using 400 Cobb broilers were performed 200 males in the first experiment for the pre-starter phase (one to seven days old), and 200 males in the second experiment for the starter phase (eight to 21 days old). Chicks were housed in batter boxes made of galvanized steel as an experimental shed. The experiments were performed in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and five replicates, with ten birds each. In both experiments, the tryptophan requirement was determined using diets with different levels of digestible tryptophan. A tryptophan-deficient diet was formulated, as a basal diet, which was supplemented with increased levels of L-tryptophan in order to achieve the desirable digestible tryptophan levels. Treatments consisted of 0.209% (basal diet); 0.223%; 0.235% and 0.248% digestible tryptophan for the pre-starter phase (experiment 1) and 0.187% (basal diet); 0.200%, 0.211% and 0.223% digestible tryptophan for the starter phase (experiment 2). We evaluated feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion, as well as the metabolizability of feed nutrients. The performance and metabolic data were subjected to analysis of variance, and estimates of digestible tryptophan levels were made through polynomial regression models at 5% probability. There was no significant difference between the digestible tryptophan levels in the diet over performance and digestibility in both treatments. It is possible to conclude that the basal diet with 0.209% digestible tryptophan for the pre-starter phase and 0.187% for the starter phase, at a tryptophan: lysine ratio of 16%, as sufficient to meet the broilers requirements.

scholarly journals Chromium and selenium-enriched yeast for castrated finishing pigs: effects on performance and carcass characteristics

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 3851 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Garcia Caramori Júnior ◽  
Charles Kiefer ◽  
Eduardo Viana Ferreira ◽  
Bruno Serpa Vieira ◽  
Henrique Carvalho Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Dorsi Muscle

To evaluate the effect of organic chromium (Cr) and selenium (Se) supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs, 300 castrated males were distributed in a randomized block design with three treatments and five replications of 20 pigs each. Treatments consisted of different diets, formulated to reach or exceed Rostagno et al. (2011) nutritional requirements, as follows: 1) control - basal diet without organic Cr and Se supplementation from 70 to 130 kg of body weight; 2) CrSe70 - basal diet supplemented with 0.8 mg kg-1 of Cr- and 0.6 mg kg-1 of Se-enriched yeast from 70 to 130 kg of body weight; 3) CrSe100 - basal diet without organic Cr and Se supplementation from 70 to 100 kg of body weight followed by basal diet supplemented with 0.8 mg kg-1 of Cr- and 0.6 mg kg-1 of Se-enriched yeast from 100 to 130 kg of body weight. Performance was evaluated by measuring body weight, daily weight gain, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio. At the end of experimental period, pigs were sacrificed and lean meat percentage, longissimus dorsi muscle depth, back fat thickness, and carcass bonus index were determined using prediction equations generated by the software Hennessy System GP4 after carcass scanning with an electronic probe. Data were submitted to one-way ANOVA and in case of significant differences (P ? 0.05), means were compared by SNK multiple-range test. Daily feed intake (P = 0.008) and feed conversion ratio (P = 0.004) decreased for pigs supplemented with Cr- and Se-enriched yeast from 70 to 100 kg of body weight. Otherwise, pigs supplemented between 100 and 130 kg of body weight increased (P = 0.032) daily feed intake in comparison to the control group. Regarding carcass characteristics, Cr- and Se-enriched yeast supplementation increased (P = 0.019) longissimus dorsi muscle depth in both CrSe70 and CrSe100 treatments. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of Cr- and Se-enriched yeast for castrated male pigs between 70 and 130 kg of body weight increases longissimus dorsi muscle depth in carcass without affecting final body weight or daily weight gain of the animals.

scholarly journals Effects of guar gum on plasma urea, insulin and glucose in the growing pig

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell MalmlÖf ◽  
Carlos Simoes Nunes ◽  
Stefan Askbrant
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Growing Pig

1. Six growing pigs fitted with portal and arterial blood cannulas were given a barley-fishmeal diet, either alone or supplemented with guar gum at 60 g/kg basal diet. Blood samples were taken during 8 h following test meals given at 08.00 hours.2. Ingestion of the guar-gum-supplemented diet appeared to increase systematically portal and arterial levels of plasma urea. At peak values, 4 and 5 h after the test meal, this effect was statistically significant (P <0.05).3. Irrespective of which diet was given, portal and arterial blood samples, withdrawn at the same time, were found to have about the same concentration of urea. This was found throughout the 8 h studied and implies that no net exchange of urea between the circulation and the gastrointestinal tract, as a whole, took place.4. In the time-period 30–60 min following the test meal, guar gum significantly reduced the postprandial hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia in portal blood.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Lentil Byproduct on Performance and Oxidative Stability of Eggs in Laying Quail

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Metin Çabuk ◽  
Serdar Eratak ◽  
Hatice Basmacioğlu Malayoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Laying Quail ◽  
Different Levels

One hundred and sixty-eight 11-week-old laying quails(Coturnix coturnix japonica)were fed one of the following three diets: (1) control: basal diet with no lentil(Lens culinaris L.)byproduct; (2) inclusion of 10% lentil byproduct; (3) inclusion of 20% lentil byproduct. In the recent years, colour sorting machines are used in order to separate red lentils according to their colours. The goal is to select the items which are discoloured, not as ripe as required, or still with hull even after dehulling of lentil seed. During the sorting, a new byproduct called “sorting byproduct” leftover is obtained. The byproduct is cleaner and is of a higher quality than other lentil byproducts. This experiment was conducted to study the effects of the inclusion of different levels of lentil byproduct on laying quail performance. The experimental treatment included 10% or 20% lentil byproduct in the diet, and this was fed to quails aged between 11 and 22 weeks. The inclusion of 10% and 20% levels of lentil byproduct in the diet significantly increased egg production, but feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not significantly affected. Egg weight decreased significantly following the inclusion of 20% lentil byproduct. The inclusion of lentil byproduct in the diet increased the deposition of yellow yolk pigments and decreased malonaldehyde formation in the yolk.

scholarly journals A Study on the Preparation of Microbial and Nonstarch Polysaccharide Enzyme Synergistic Fermented Maize Cob Feed and Its Feeding Efficiency in Finishing Pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Biaosheng Lin ◽  
Jianbin Yan ◽  
Zhilong Zhong ◽  
Xintian Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fermented Feed ◽  
Slaughter Performance ◽  
Maize Cob

1000 g maize cob mixed material was synergistically fermented by adding 2.5% composite probiotics and 0.06-0.08% NSP (nonstarch polysaccharide) enzyme to prepare fermented feed, and its effectiveness as feed for fattening pigs was investigated. The results showed that the appearance, texture, and nutrient quality of maize cobs significantly improved after fermentation, the total number of bacteria was 4.5 × 10 10  CFU/g, and the protein content was 7.1%. Compared to the control group, the pigs in the 6% fermented maize cob feed experimental group showed significantly increased daily feed intake, daily weight gain, and nutrient digestion rate ( p < 0.05 ) and reduced feed conversion ratio ( p < 0.05 ). Most indicators including slaughter performance and meat quality significantly improved. In addition, beneficial bacteria including Lactobacillus in the intestines of the finishing pigs significantly increased, and pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli in the intestines and feces were found to be significantly reduced ( p < 0.05 ). The intestinal crypt depth, VH/CD ratio, and ileal mucosal immunity of the finishing pigs also significantly improved ( p < 0.05 ). The cytokine content and gene expression of sIgA, IL-8, and TNF-α were found to be significantly increased ( p < 0.05 ). It could be concluded that the addition of 6% fermented maize cob feed to the diets of finishing pigs could promote their growth, improve their production performance and slaughter performance meat quality, and enhance their intestinal microecological balance and immunity.

PSVII-10 Growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and intestinal health of piglets as affected by dietary moa at different levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 410-410
Author(s):  
Jiayu Ma ◽  
Qinghui Shang ◽  
Shenfei Long ◽  
Sujie Liu ◽  
Shad Uddin Mahfuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract A total of 180 weaning pigs (28 d of age, weighted 7.81±1.51 kg) were selected to explore the relationship between the different levels of mixed organic acids (MOA) on performance, serum antioxidant status and intestinal health of weaned piglets, as well as to investigate the potential possibility of MOA alternative to antibiotics growth promoters (AGP) [funded by BMNS (6202019) and NSFC (31772612)]. Pigs were randomly allocated to five treatments with six replicates (n = 6), including one basal diet with AGP (75 mg/kg chlorinomycin + 15 mg/kg virginiamycin + 50 mg/kg guitaromycin) and four diets with 0 (Con), 3,000 (Con-3), 5,000 (Con-5), 7,000 mg/kg (Con-7) MOA. The experiment was separated phase 1 (d 1 to d 14) and phase 2 (d 15 to d 28). In phases 1, 2 and overall, an improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) and average daily gain (ADG) was noticed (P &lt; 0.05) in piglets supplemented with AGP, Con-3 and Con-5. The concentration of serum IgG was enhanced (P &lt; 0.05) in piglets supplemented with Con-5 in phase 2. In the jejunum and ileum, piglets fed AGP and Con-3 increased (P &lt; 0.01) the ratio of villus height to crypt depth. An up-regulated of the Claudin-1 and ZO-1 gene in jejunum of piglets fed Con-3 and Con-5 were observed (P &lt; 0.05). The piglets fed AGP, Con-3 and Con-5 increased (P &lt; 0.05) the content of acetate acid and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) in the cecum, butyric acid and TVFA in the colon. Also, Con-3 declined (P &lt; 0.05) the content of Lachnospiraceae in piglets. The current findings indicated that dietary MOA supplementation at 3,000 mg/kg and 5,000 mg/kg could enhance the performance by improving immune parameters and intestinal health of piglets.

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