scholarly journals The effects of mineral treatment and the amendments by organic and organomineral fertilisers on the crop yield, plant nutrient status and soil properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 34-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gondek ◽  
B. Filipek-Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Copper Form ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Manure Slurry

The studies were carried out as a pot experiment comprised of mineral treatments with farmyard manure, slurry and liquid organomineral fertiliser (Damishum) and finally the unfertilised control. Mineral fertilisation and liquid organomineral fertiliser better affected the crop yield in comparison with organic treatments in the first year of the experiment, whereas in the subsequent two years with a consecutive affect of organic fertilisers. According to the expectations the biggest nitrogen concentrations were found in crops receiving mineral treatment and organomineral fertiliser. Phosphorus content depended on crop species and applied fertiliser. Potassium and magnesium contents immediately after treatment were the highest in the objects receiving organic treatment (farmyard manure and slurry). In the subsequent years no visible tendency in both element contents was noticed. Among the cultivated crops rape revealed the biggest amounts of cadmium in the above ground parts. Lead concentrations in the above ground parts of the cultivated crop did not reveal any diversification among the objects. Copper accumulated mainly in the crop root systems, except rape, whereas zinc concentration depended on the plant species and applied fertilisation. The treatment caused a decrease in the soil pH and an increase in hydrolytic acidity value. Mineral and organomineral fertilisation caused a pronounced decline in organic carbon content in the soil, whereas farmyard manure raised it. Similar dependencies were found for the total nitrogen concentrations. The applied treatment increased the contents of mobile forms of cadmium, lead and zinc but had no significant effect on changes of mobile copper form contents.

scholarly journals Organic wastes from bioenergy and ecological sanitation as a soil fertility improver: a field experiment in a tropical Andosol

SOIL ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Krause ◽  
Thomas Nehls ◽  
Eckhard George ◽  
Martin Kaupenjohann
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Biogas Slurry ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
P Deficiency

Abstract. Andosols require the regular application of phosphorus (P) to sustain crop productivity. On an Andosol in NW Tanzania, we studied the short-term effects of amending standard compost, biogas slurry and CaSa compost (containing biochar and sanitized human excreta) on (i) the soil's physico-chemical properties, on (ii) biomass growth and crop productivity, and on (iii) the plants' nutrient status. The practice-oriented experiment design included the intercropping of seven locally grown crop species planted on 9 m2 plots with five repetitions arranged as a Latin rectangle. Differences in plant growth (biomass production and crop yield, e.g., of Zea mays) and crop nutrition (total C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, etc.) were related to pH, CEC (cation exchange capacity), total C and the availability of nutrients (N, P, K, etc.) and water (water retention characteristics, bulk density, etc.) in the soil. None of the amendments had any significant effect on soil water availability, so the observed variations in crop yield and plant nutrition are attributed to nutrient availability. Applying CaSa compost increased the soil pH from 5.3 to 5.9 and the level of available P from 0.5 to 4.4 mg per kg. Compared to the control, adding biogas slurry, standard compost and CaSa compost increased the aboveground biomass of Zea mays by, respectively, 140, 154 and 211 %. The grain yields of maize on soil treated with biogas slurry, standard compost and CaSa compost were, respectively, 2.63, 3.18 and 4.40 t ha−1, compared to only 1.10 t ha−1 on unamended plots. All treatments enhanced crop productivity and increased the uptake of nutrients into the maize grains. The CaSa compost was most effective in mitigating P deficiency and soil acidification. We conclude that all treatments are viable as a substitute for synthetic fertilizers. Nevertheless, further steps are required to integrate the tested soil amendments into farm-scale nutrient management and to balance the additions and removals of nutrients, so that the cycle can be closed.

The rôle of organic matter in soil fertility

1977 ◽  
Vol 281 (980) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Heterogeneous Mixture ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Grass Ley

Soil organic matter is a very heterogeneous mixture of substances, ranging from plant and root fragments, through the living bodies of the soil organisms, to brown amorphous humic substances produced by their activity. These materials have very different rates of decomposition in the soil and very different effects on the soil tilth and nutrient status. The method of soil cultivation used affects the stabilizing power of a limited addition of plant material. The soil organic carbon content under a well fertilized arable rotation stabilizes at about 1 % on many loam and clay soils. Incorporating a 1 year ley in the rotation or ploughing in all the straw produced may increase this by just under 0.1 %, and using normal farm dressings of farmyard manure by just over 0.1 %. These increases may be additive, but the increases are considerably smaller than this on some soils. Incorporating a 3 year grass ley in a 5 or 6 course rotation increases the carbon by between 0.15 and 0.3%, and there is some evidence that farmyard manure has a greater effect if used in a ley-arable than an all-arable rotation. A 3 year lucerne ley behaves more like a 1 year grass-clover ley except just after it has been ploughed out, though it increases the nitrifiable nitrogen in the soil for several years.

scholarly journals How Can We Realize Sustainable Development Goals in Rocky Desertified Regions by Enhancing Crop Yield with Reduction of Environmental Risks?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1614
Author(s):  
Boyi Liang ◽  
Timothy A. Quine ◽  
Hongyan Liu ◽  
Elizabeth L. Cressey ◽  
Ian Bateman
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Development Goals

To meet the sustainable development goals in rocky desertified regions like Guizhou Province in China, we should maximize the crop yield with minimal environmental costs. In this study, we first calculated the yield gap for 6 main crop species in Guizhou Province and evaluated the quantitative relationships between crop yield and influencing variables utilizing ensembled artificial neural networks. We also tested the influence of adjusting the quantity of local fertilization and irrigation on crop production in Guizhou Province. Results showed that the total yield of the selected crops had, on average, reached over 72.5% of the theoretical maximum yield. Increasing irrigation tended to be more consistently effective at increasing crop yield than additional fertilization. Conversely, appropriate reduction of fertilization may even benefit crop yield in some regions, simultaneously resulting in significantly higher fertilization efficiency with lower residuals in the environment. The total positive impact of continuous intensification of irrigation and fertilization on most crop species was limited. Therefore, local stakeholders are advised to consider other agricultural management measures to improve crop yield in this region.

scholarly journals Crop Yield and Soil Fertility Status of Long-Term Rice-Rice-Wheat Cropping Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Nabin Rawal ◽  
Rajan Ghimire ◽  
Devraj Chalise
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Available Phosphorus

Balanced nutrient supply is important for the sustainable crop production. We evaluated the effects of nutrient management practices on soil properties and crop yields in rice (Oryza sativa L.) - rice - wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system in a long-term experiment established at National Wheat Research Program (NWRP), Bhairahawa, Nepal. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block experiment with nine treatments and three replications. Treatments were applied as: T1- no nutrients added, T2- N added; T3- N and P added; T4- N and K added; T5- NPK added at recommended rate for all crops. Similarly, T6- only N added in rice and NPK in wheat at recommended rate; T7- half N; T8- half NP of recommended rate for both crops; and T9- farmyard manure (FYM) @10 Mg ha-1 for all crops in rotation. Results of the study revealed that rice and wheat yields were significantly greater under FYM than all other treatments. Treatments that did not receive P (T2, T3, T7, T8) and K (T2, T4) had considerably low wheat yield than treatments that received NPK (T5) and FYM (T9). The FYM lowered soil pH and improved soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (P), and exchangeable potassium (K) contents than other treatments. Management practices that ensure nutrient supply can increase crop yield and improve soil fertility status.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(1): 42-50

Analysing and simulating spatial patterns of crop yield in Guizhou Province based on artificial neural networks

2020 ◽  
pp. 030913332095663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyi Liang ◽  
Hongyan Liu ◽  
Timothy A Quine ◽  
Xiaoqiu Chen ◽  
Paul D Hallett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Propagation Network

The area of karst terrain in China covers 3.63×106 km2, with more than 40% in the southwestern region over the Guizhou Plateau. Karst comprises exposed carbonate bedrock over approximately 1.30×106 km2 of this area, which suffers from soil degradation and poor crop yield. This paper aims to gain a better understanding of the environmental controls on crop yield in order to enable more sustainable use of natural resources for food production and development. More precisely, four kinds of artificial neural network were used to analyse and simulate the spatial patterns of crop yield for seven crop species grown in Guizhou Province, exploring the relationships with meteorological, soil, irrigation and fertilization factors. The results of spatial classification showed that most regions of high-level crop yield per area and total crop yield are located in the central-north area of Guizhou. Moreover, the three artificial neural networks used to simulate the spatial patterns of crop yield all demonstrated a good correlation coefficient between simulated and true yield. However, the Back Propagation network had the best performance based on both accuracy and runtime. Among the 13 influencing factors investigated, temperature (16.4%), radiation (15.3%), soil moisture (13.5%), fertilization of N (13.5%) and P (12.4%) had the largest contribution to crop yield spatial distribution. These results suggest that neural networks have potential application in identifying environmental controls on crop yield and in modelling spatial patterns of crop yield, which could enable local stakeholders to realize sustainable development and crop production goals.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Woodchip Biochar and Brown Coal Waste as Stable Sorbents for Abatement of Bioavailable Cadmium, Lead and Zinc in Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 231 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Amoah-Antwi ◽  
J. Kwiatkowska-Malina ◽  
E. Szara ◽  
S. Thornton ◽  
O. Fenton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Brown Coal ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Coal Waste ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Cadmium Lead

Abstract Organic sorbents alter physicochemical soil properties and mitigate heavy metal (HM) bioavailability. However, some sorbents are labile and, therefore, introduce the risk of HM release into soil after mineralisation. Before field application, new stable organic sorbents such as woodchip biochar (BIO) and brown coal waste (BCW) need to be tested and compared with standard organic amendments like farmyard manure (FYM). An incubated pot experiment was conducted to investigate the efficacy of FYM, BIO and BCW (added to soil in pots at 5 and 10% w/w) to alter soil physicochemical properties and mitigate bioavailability of Cd, Pb and Zn spiked in treatments at different doses (in mg kg−1); 0 (not spiked), 1 (1 Cd, 70 Pb, 100 Zn) and 2 (3 Cd, 500 Pb, 700 Zn), and incubated for 9 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the EDTA-extractable HM fractions, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and specific surface area (SSA, to check trends) were determined in all treated soils. Results showed that FYM, BCW and BIO generally improved all soil properties (except reduced pH from BCW and apparent SSA reduction from FYM) and accounted for respective maximum abatements of Cd (50.2, 69.9 and 25.5%), Pb (34.2, 64.3 and 17.4%) and Zn (14.9, 17.7 and 11.8%) bioavailability in soil. FYM and BCW were more effective at 10% w/w especially in the low contaminated soil, whereas the highest efficacy for BIO was at 5% w/w and in the high contaminated soil. The efficacies of sorption by the organic sorbents varied for different HMs and were in the orders: BCW > FYM > BIO for Cd, FYM > BCW > BIO for Pb and BIO > BCW > FYM for Zn. Soil pH and CEC were strongly correlated with HM bioavailability in all treatments and implied that immobilisation of HMs occurred via complex formation, ion exchange and pH-dependent specific adsorption. All three sorbents were beneficial as soil amendments, and in terms of HM mitigation, BCW had the highest efficacy, followed by FYM and then BIO. Considering the documented high soil stability of BCW and BIO, these results are promising for further trialling at field scale.

scholarly journals Characterising the effect of crop species and fertilisation treatment on root fungal communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liina Soonvald ◽  
Kaire Loit ◽  
Eve Runno-Paurson ◽  
Alar Astover ◽  
Leho Tedersoo
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Fertilisation Treatment

Abstract Information about the root mycobiome may improve the overall quality of the plants and contribute to a valuable strategy to enhance sustainable agriculture. Therefore, we assessed differences in fungal community diversity and composition in the roots of potato, wheat and barley grown under mineral nitrogen fertilisation at five rates, with and without farmyard manure amendment. The same factorial combination of treatments has been used since 1989. Species richness and diversity, as well as community composition, of different fungal guilds were characterised using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the ITS2 region. Crop species was the main factor determining overall fungal richness and diversity, with wheat showing the highest, and potato the lowest, richness and diversity. Pathogen diversity indices were highest in wheat plots amended with farmyard manure, whereas the lowest values were observed for potato roots. Fertilisation treatments and the interaction between crop species and fertilisation had the strongest impact on arbuscular mycorrhiza and saprotroph diversity. Crop species also determined the composition of the overall fungal community and that of fungal guilds, whereas fertilisation treatment had only a minor effect. This study highlights crop species as the main driver in shaping root fungal diversity and composition under the same environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Regulator Network Analysis of Rice and Maize Yield-Related Genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Chen ◽  
Zijie Shen ◽  
Lei Xu ◽  
Da Zhao ◽  
Quan Zou
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Genetic Regulatory Network ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Maize Varieties

Rice and maize are the principal food crop species worldwide. The mechanism of gene regulation for the yield of rice and maize is still the research focus at present. Seed size, weight and shape are important traits of crop yield in rice and maize. Most members of three gene families, APETALA2/ethylene response factor, auxin response factors and MADS, were identified to be involved in yield traits in rice and maize. Analysis of molecular regulation mechanisms related to yield traits provides theoretical support for the improvement of crop yield. Genetic regulatory network analysis can provide new insights into gene families with the improvement of sequencing technology. Here, we analyzed the evolutionary relationships and the genetic regulatory network for the gene family members to predicted genes that may be involved in yield-related traits in rice and maize. The results may provide some theoretical and application guidelines for future investigations of molecular biology, which may be helpful for developing new rice and maize varieties with high yield traits.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical properties and nutrient content of some slow pyrolysis biochars produced from different feedstocks

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmudul Islam Piash ◽  
Md Faruque Hossain ◽  
Zakia Parveen
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis

Six slow pyrolysis biochars viz. farmyard manure (FM), water hyacinth (WH), domestic organic waste (DW), quick compost (QC), corn cob (CC) and rice straw (RS) were analyzed for their physical and chemical properties. Biochar yielding capacity varied from 34 to 51%, depending on the used feedstock. Water hyacinth biochar exhibited the highest water holding capacity (495%), whereas corn cob biochar had the lowest (146%) regardless of its highest pore volume. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area was found maximum among the plant derived biochars except corn cob. Rice straw biochar exhibited the least mean pore diameter while highest in domestic organic waste. All biochars possessed pH values more than 9. CEC of water hyacinth (WH) was highest, while lowest was in quick compost (QC) biochar. Smallest average particle size (0.54 ?m2) was exhibited by water hyacinth biochar. Organic carbon content ranged from 33 to 49%. Nutrient (N, P, K and S) status of biochar produced from domestic organic waste (DW) was found the maximum compared to the rest and corn cob (CC) biochar showed the lowest nutritional value.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 29(2): 111-122, December-2016

Nitrogen concentrations in field-grown spring barley: an examination of the usefulness of expressing concentrations on the basis of tissue water

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Leigh ◽  
A. B. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Stem Tissue ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Concentrations

SUMMARYA study was made of growth and N concentrations of field-grown crops of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Georgie or Triumph). Nitrogen concentrations were calculated on the basis of both dry matter and tissue water because previous research had indicated that K concentrations expressed on the basis of tissue water were better for assessing the K status of crops. The aim was to see whether this was also the case for N.When supplies of P and K were adequate, the addition of N fertilizer stimulated growth in all crops except when sufficient N was already supplied as farmyard manure. Percentage N in dry matter declined as plants grew and was higher in plants given N than in plants grown without N, although the difference diminished with time. Nitrogen concentrations calculated on the basis of tissue water were very similar for both N-sufficient and N-deficient crops despite large differences in growth rates. Nitrogen concentrations in tissue water also declined but only until anthesis, thereafter they increased. This pre-anthesis decline was due to the increase in the amount of stem tissue which had lower N concentrations in tissue water than leaves. Similarly the post-anthesis increase in N concentrations was due to the development of the ears which had high concentrations of N in tissue water.The effects of deficiencies of P or K or water on N concentrations in tissue water of the cultivars Georgie or Julia were studied also in field experiments at Rothamsted. Lack of P and K inhibited growth of crops given 144 kg N/ha. Crops grown without N grew more slowly than those given N but their growth was not further inhibited by lack of P or K. Deficiencies of either P or K increased N concentrations calculated on the basis of tissue water in crops given 144 kg N/ha but not in crops grown without N. The increase in concentration was not due to changes in the proportions of leaves and stems but to real increases in N concentrations in leaves, stems and ears. Drought decreased growth and also resulted in higher N concentrations in tissue water.In the absence of other limiting factors, N concentrations expressed on the basis of tissue water were very similar for both N-sufficient and N-deficient crops. They increased only when growth was limited by factors other than N. The implications of this for the control of N concentrations by crops is discussed.It is concluded that N concentrations expressed on the basis of tissue water are unlikely to be useful for determining the N requirements of barley. Percentage N in dry matter might be more useful for this purpose.

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