scholarly journals Phenolic acids in kernels of different coloured-grain wheat genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luboš Paznocht ◽  
Zora Kotíková ◽  
Barbora Burešová ◽  
Jaromír Lachman ◽  
Petr Martinek
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
The Individual

The content of free, conjugated and bound phenolic acids in 12 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes of 4 different grain colours (standard red, yellow endosperm, purple pericarp and blue aleurone) from 2-year field trial was analysed in the present study. Significant increase (8%) in the total phenolic acid content was observed in the dryer year 2017. Five phenolic acids (ferulic, sinapic, p-coumaric, vanillic and 4-hydroxybenzoic) and cis-isomers of ferulic and sinapic acid were determined by HPLC-DAD (high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector) in grain samples. The total phenolic acid content of coloured wheat groups varied: blue aleurone > purple pericarp > yellow endosperm > red colour (798 > 702 > 693 > 599 µg/g). The fraction of bound phenolic acids was the major contributor to the total phenolic acid content (91.7%) with ferulic acid predominating (85.2%). Conjugated phenolic acids accounted for 7.9% of the total with sinapic and ferulic acid predominating (47.6% and 19.9%). The composition of individual phenolic acids was similar within these two fractions. The remaining 0.4% was represented by the fraction of free phenolic acids in which the phenolic acid profile varied among the individual coloured groups. Ferulic acid prevailed in red and yellow wheats, vanillic in blue and p-coumaric in purple wheats.  

scholarly journals Schisandra rubriflora Plant Material and In Vitro Microshoot Cultures as Rich Sources of Natural Phenolic Antioxidants

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Szopa ◽  
Michał Dziurka ◽  
Sebastian Granica ◽  
Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz ◽  
Paweł Kubica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Plant Materials

Schisandra rubriflora is a dioecious, underestimated medicinal plant species known from traditional Chinese medicine. The present study was aimed at characterising the polyphenolic profile composition and the related antioxidant capacity of S. rubriflora fruit, stem and leaf and in vitro microshoot culture extracts. Separate analyses of material from female and male specimens were carried out. This study was specifically aimed at detailed characterisation of the contribution of phenolic compounds to overall antioxidant activity using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector coupled to electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS3) and a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Using UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS3, twenty-seven phenolic compounds from among phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified. Concentrations of three phenolic acids (neochlorogenic, chlorogenic and cryptochlorogenic acids) and eight flavonoids (hyperoside, rutoside, isoquercitrin, guaijaverin, trifolin, quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin) were determined using HPLC-DAD using reference standards. The highest total phenolic content was confirmed for the stem and leaf extracts collected in spring. The contents of phenolic compounds of in vitro biomasses were comparable to that in the fruit extracts. The methanolic extracts from the studied plant materials were evaluated for their antioxidant properties using various in vitro assays, namely free radicals scavenging estimation using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) as well as QUick, Easy, New, CHEap, and Reproducible CUPRAC (QUENCHER-CUPRAC) assays. A close relationship between the content of polyphenolic compounds in S. rubriflora and their antioxidant potential has been documented.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF PHENOLIC ACID QUANTITATION METHODOLOGIES FOR SWEETPOTATOES

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 881c-881
Author(s):  
M.S. Padda ◽  
D. H. Picha
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Freeze Dried

Phenolic acids are one of several classes of naturally occurring antioxidant compounds found in sweetpotato. Simplified but reliable methodologies were developed to quantitate total and individual phenolic acids in sweetpotato roots. Total phenolic acid content was measured using both Folin-Denis and Folin-Ciocalteu reagents. The Folin-Ciocalteu reagent gave an overestimation of total phenolic acids due to the absorbance of interfering compounds (i.e., reducing sugars and ascorbic acid). The average total phenolic acid content in `Beauregard' sweetpotatoes was 60.9 mg/100 g fresh weight. Individual phenolic acids were separated with two reversed-phase C18 columns of different dimensions and particle size. The columns tested were a 7 × 53 mm, 3 μm, Alltima Rocket (Alltech Assoc.) and a 3.9 × 150mm, 4 μm, Nova-Pak (Waters Corp.). Different mobile phases were also evaluated. The Alltima C18 column using a mobile phase of 1% (v/v) formic acid aqueous solution: acetonitrile: 2-propanol, pH 2.5 (70:22:8) provided the best separation of individual phenolic acids. Total analysis time was less than 5 minutes. Chlorogenic acid was the major phenolic acid found in sweetpotato root tissue (15.8 mg/100 g fresh weight). In a comparison of different tissue preparation states (fresh, frozen, freeze-dried), fresh tissue gave the highest concentration of total and individual phenolic acids. Among the 3 extraction solvents tested (80% methanol, 80% ethanol, and 80% acetone), 80% methanol and 80% ethanol gave higher, but similar, phenolic acid extraction efficiency.

scholarly journals Valorization Potentials of Rapeseed Meal in a Biorefinery Perspective: Focus on Nutritional and Bioactive Components

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 6787
Author(s):  
Gabriella Di Lena ◽  
Jose Sanchez del Pulgar ◽  
Massimo Lucarini ◽  
Alessandra Durazzo ◽  
Petra Ondrejíčková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Array Detector

Rapeseed meal (RSM), a by-product of oilseed extraction connected to the agri-food and biofuel sectors, is currently used as animal feed and for other low-value purposes. With a biorefinery approach, RSM could be valorized as a source of bio-based molecules for high-value applications. This study provides a chemical characterization of RSM in the perspective of its valorization. A qualitative study of main functional groups by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was integrated with a chemical characterization of macronutrients, minerals by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), phenolic acids and lipid components by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), HPLC-diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/flame ionization detector (GC-MS/FID). The study, conducted on different lots of RSM collected over a one-year period from an oil pressing factory serving a biofuel biorefinery, highlighted a constant quality over time of RSM, characterized by high protein (31–34%), fiber (33–40%) and mineral (5.5–6.8%) contents. Polyphenol extracts showed a significant antioxidant activity and a prevalence of sinapic acid, accounting for more than 85% of total phenolic acids (395–437 mg kg−1 RSM). Results highlight the potentialities of RSM for further valorization strategies that may lead to the creation of new cross-sector interconnections and bio-based value chains with improvement of the economics and sustainability of the bioeconomy sectors involved.

scholarly journals Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of exocarp, endocarp, and hypanthium of three pear cultivars grown in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Du ◽  
Caihong Cheng ◽  
Yuqin Chen ◽  
Jinhui Wu ◽  
Fengmei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Pharmaceutical Application ◽  
Phenolic Profiles ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Method

The phenolic composition of the exocarp, hypanthium, and endocarp from three pear cultivars: Jingbai, Korla and Crystal were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography method with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), while antioxidant activities were investigated using DPPH radical andABTS radical cation scavenging activity, and FRAP. Ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid were detected as major components. The exocarp of the Jingbai pear had a relatively high chlorogenic acid content (0.691 mg kg-1) while the hypanthium and endocarp had the high chlorogenic acid content of the three pear varieties. The exocarp of the Korla pear had the highest ferulic acid and rutin content. The exocarp, hypanthium, and endocarp of the Crystal pear had the highest content of chlorogenic acid of the three pear varieties. The Crystal pear presented the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents and had the highest antioxidant activities in terms of FRAP. The Jingbai pear exocarp presented the highest ABTS value, 83.62 ± 0.08%. The endocarp of the Crystal pear had the highest DPPH value, 87.30 ± 0.03%. Positive correlations were detected among chlorogenic acid, TPC, TFC, and FRAP. The results reveal that the different parts of Pyrus communis L. have effective antioxidant activity for the pharmaceutical application.

scholarly journals Reversed-Phase HPLC Characterization and Quantification and Antioxidant Capacity of the Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids Extracted From Eight Varieties of Sorghum Grown in Austria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Speranza ◽  
Rebecca Knechtl ◽  
Ragnar Witlaczil ◽  
Regine Schönlechner
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Comparable Amount ◽  
Antioxidant Power

Sorghum is raising great interest as a grain for the future, for its agricultural advantages in times of climate change, and for the positive impact of its bioactive compounds on human health. These compounds comprise phenolic acids, in a free, conjugated, and bound form, and flavonoids. The most commonly used extraction methods require high volumes of chemicals and are non-practical when handling many samples at a time. The main aim of this study was to develop a microscale extraction procedure for both phenolic acids and flavonoids to improve yield and diversity, labor time, and chemicals usage. The improved protocols allowed to perform the extraction in 2-ml safe-lock tubes using around 60 times less chemical volume for phenolic acids and 6 times less for flavonoids. In addition, compared to the macroscale method, the microscale approach was effective in extracting a comparable amount of phenolic acids (between 0.99 and 1.57 mg ferulic acid/g) and even a higher quantity of flavonoids (between 1.10 and 2.24 mg ferulic acid/g). With the established methods, phenolic compounds were extracted from eight varieties of sorghum grown in Austria, previously shown to be promising for food processing. In all sorghum varieties, protocatechuic, vanillic, caffeic, syringic, P-coumaric, and ferulic acids were detected in free, conjugated and bound form, with the last being the most abundant. Arsky and Icebergg varieties presented the lowest (922.65 μg/g) and the highest (1,269.28 μg/g) levels of total phenolic acids, respectively, recorded using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Flavonoids, comprising luteolinidin, apigenidin, naringenin, apigenin, 5-methoxy-luteolinidin (5-MetO-Lut), and 7-methoxy-apigeninidin (7-MetO-Api), were detected in amounts between 27.03 (Kalatur variety) and 87.52 μg/g (Huggo variety). The red varieties, Huggo, Armorik, and Arsky, had the highest antioxidant activity measured as 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) [around 5.00 μg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g] and Azino-bis(3-ehtylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) (around 3.00 μg TE/g) scavenging capacity for both phenolic acids and flavonoids. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was the highest for the phenolic acids extracted from a white Ggolden variety.

scholarly journals Distribution of Phenolic Acids and Antioxidant Activities of Different Bran Fractions from Three Pigmented Wheat Varieties

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinli Zhang ◽  
Yan Ding ◽  
Haizhou Dong ◽  
Hanxue Hou ◽  
Xiansheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Wheat Varieties

Phenolic acid profiles and antioxidant activities of outer bran, coarse bran, and shorts from blue, black, and purple wheat were analyzed. Phenolic acids were mainly in the bound form in pigmented wheat bran fractions. Phenolic acid content decreased in the order of outer bran, coarse bran, and shorts for the three pigmented wheat varieties. HPLC analysis of phenolic extracts demonstrated that the bound form of phenolic acids contained more ferulic, isoferulic, and p-coumaric acids compared to their free counterparts. Among the three pigmented wheat varieties, the bran fractions from blue wheat contained higher bound phenolic acids than the other two pigmented wheat bran fractions, except for purple coarse bran. The blue wheat outer bran had the highest total bound phenolic acid of 3458.71 μg/g while the purple wheat shorts had the lowest of 1730.71 μg/g. The contribution of bound phenolic acids to the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity was significantly higher than that of free phenolic acids. Blue wheat bran fractions had the highest radical scavenging activity against DPPH∙ while those of purple wheat gained the highest ABTS∙+ scavenging activity. High correlations were observed between TPC and radical scavenging capacities for DPPH and ABTS (R2>0.85, P<0.05).

Enzymatic Synthesis of 1-Sinapoylglucose from Free Sinapic Acid and UDP-Glucose by a Cell-Free System from Raphanus sativus Seedlings

1980 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 204-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Strack
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Enzymatic Synthesis ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Carboxyl Group ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Free System ◽  
Sh Group ◽  
A Cell

Abstract Protein extracts from seedlings of Raphanus sativus catalyze the transfer of the glucosyl moiety of UDP-glucose to the carboxyl group of phenolic acids. Enzymatic activity was determined spectrophotometrically by measuring the increase in absorbance at 360 nm and/or by the aid of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). From 12 phenolic acids tested as acceptors, sinapic acid was by far the best substrate. The glucosyltransfer to sinapic acid has a pH optimum near 7 and requires as SH group for activity, p-Chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB) inhibits activity, which can be restored by the addition of dithiothreitol (DTT). The formation of 1-sinapoylglucose was found to be a reversible reaction, since the addition of UDP results in a breakdown of the ester.

scholarly journals Interactions between Phenolic Acids, Proteins, and Carbohydrates—Influence on Dough and Bread Properties

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2798
Author(s):  
Simone Schefer ◽  
Marie Oest ◽  
Sascha Rohn
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compound ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Rye Bread ◽  
Ternary Interactions ◽  
Bread Properties

The understanding of interactions between proteins, carbohydrates, and phenolic compounds is becoming increasingly important in food science, as these interactions might significantly affect the functionality of foods. So far, research has focused predominantly on protein–phenolic or carbohydrate–phenolic interactions, separately, but these components might also form other combinations. In plant-based foods, all three components are highly abundant; phenolic acids are the most important phenolic compound subclass. However, their interactions and influences are not yet fully understood. Especially in cereal products, such as bread, being a nutritional basic in human nutrition, interactions of the mentioned compounds are possible and their characterization seems to be a worthwhile target, as the functionality of each of the components might be affected. This review presents the basics of such interactions, with special emphasis on ferulic acid, as the most abundant phenolic acid in nature, and tries to illustrate the possibility of ternary interactions with regard to dough and bread properties. One of the phenomena assigned to such interactions is so-called dry-baking, which is very often observed in rye bread.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Processing Methods on the Accumulation of the Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Profile of Broomcorn Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) Flour

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Obyedul Kalam Azad ◽  
Da In Jeong ◽  
Md Adnan ◽  
Timnoy Salitxay ◽  
Jeong Won Heo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Broomcorn Millet

Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is an important nutritious ancient minor-cereal food crop. However, this crop is little explored in the food processing arena to improve its functionality. In this context, different processing methods were applied to enhance the secondary compounds of broomcorn millet. Four different individual methods such as roasting, steaming, puffing, and extrusion were applied at 110 °C to enhance the functional attributes of millet flour. It was observed that the significantly highest content of total phenolic (TP) (670 mg/100 g of ferulic acid equivalent) and total flavonoid (TF) (391 mg/100 g of rutin equivalent ) was attained in the roasted whole millet followed by steaming (315 mg/100 g, 282 mg/100 g), puffing (645 mg/100 g, 304 mg/100 g), extrusion (455 mg/100 g, 219 mg/100 g), and control (295 mg/100 g, 183 mg/100 g). The chromatographic analysis showed a greater content of single phenolic acids such as syringic acid, gallic acid, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, and catechin in roasted millet compared to control, and the content of each acid was higher in whole millet than dehulled. Results also indicated that the content of ferulic acid was relatively higher among the quantified single phenolic acid from broomcorn millet. Likewise, in comparison with dehulled millet, the roasted whole millet showed higher total antioxidant capacity, measured by the 2,2-diphenyl-1 picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), the phosphomolybdenum method (PPMD), and the hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity (HRSC) method. Lastly, it is concluded that the roasting method should be taken into consideration in the processing of broomcorn millet to enhance the content of nutraceutical compounds and improve its functionality.

scholarly journals The effects of plant density and irrigation on phenolic content in cauliflower 

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Kałużewicz ◽  
Jolanta Lisiecka ◽  
Monika Gąsecka ◽  
Włodzimierz Krzesiński ◽  
Tomasz Spiżewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Coumaric Acid

This study was conducted to study the influence of plant density and irrigation on the content of phenolic compounds, i.e., phenolic acids and flavonols in cv. ‘Sevilla’ cauliflower curds. Levels of phenolic acids and flavonols were in the range of 3.0–6.2 mg and 25.4–87.8 mg/100 g of dry weight, respectively, depending on plant density and irrigation. Of the phenolic acids, caffeic acid was detected in the highest amount, followed by p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, gallic acid, and ferulic acid. Of the two flavonols detected, the levels of quercetin were higher than those of kaempferol. The content of the detected phenolic acids (with the exception of ferulic acid) and both flavonols increased with increasing plant density. Furthermore, the concentration of phenolic compounds (with the exception of ferulic acid) was significantly higher under irrigation.

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