Constructions with the particle iyne expressing fear and caution in the Tuvan language

2021 ◽  
pp. 231-242
Author(s):  
Aziyana V. Bayyr-ool ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
General Semantics ◽  
Oral Speech

The paper examines the combination of the form of the present-future participle on =ar and the particle iyne expressing the meaning of fear and caution in the Tuvan language. The verbal analytical constructions with the combination considered are described structurally and semantically. The form =ar + particle iyne does not have a complete personal-numerical paradigm: it is used only in the 3rd person singular and in the 1st person singular with the word kiži ‘person’. This form expresses the general semantics of fear and caution uncomplicated by additional meanings, is used regularly and in both finite and infinite functions. Consideration is given to the semantics of complex sentences in which the grammaticalized form =ar + particle iyne forms a dependent predicate. Concerning the terms known in linguistics to describe this meaning, the form =ar + particle iyne can be defined as apprehensive by most criteria. The paper provides the author’s observations on the use of this form in the oral speech of native speakers of the Tuvan language and examples from folklore texts. Such a grammaticalized form in the Tuvan language might be due to the influence of the Mongolian languages, in which separate moods with corresponding grammatical markers are distinguished. This form is suggested to be distinguished as a marker of a specific mood with the meaning of fear and caution in the system of grammatical forms of the Tuvan verb expressing the relation of action to reality.

scholarly journals Russian loanwords from the Hill Mari language and their use by modern native speakers

Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Galina Alekseevna Ertsikova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Tv Shows ◽  
The Hill

The subject of this research is the foreign words adopted by native speakers of the Hill Mari language from or through the Russian language. The object of this research is the oral speech of modern native speakers of the Hill Mari language. The goal consists in determination of the role played by the Russian loanwords in the modern Hill Mari speech. The research leans on dialectological materials acquired in the rural areas of Hill Mari District of Republic of Mari El, as well as recording of radiobroadcast “Hill Mari Hour” and TV shows “My Hill Mari Land”) in the Hill Mari language, with application of the methods of observation, linguistic descriptions, elements of the comparative method, and continuous sampling technique. This article is first to analyze Russian loanwords in the oral speech of modern Hill Mari people, which defines the scientific novelty. The following conclusions were formulated: the active vocabulary of Hill Mari people have certain words that were adopted by Hill Mari language long ago and  perceived by native speakers as foreign words; there is also a range of word familiar to all native speakers, which are the only nomination for designated notions; speech of the people of new generation marks an excessive inappropriate use of foreign words that clutters up the native language, deprives its uniqueness, impedes communication between people, makes it unclear to some people, and results in the formation of improper phrases.

scholarly journals Syntactic Complexity in EFL and Native Learners' Undergraduate Thesis Abstracts

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murniati Murniati
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Undergraduate Thesis

<p>This research aims to find syntactic complexity of the abstracts in the undergraduate thesis written down by university learners in Indonesia and the ones written down by native speakers of English. The characteristics of syntactic complexity produced by Indonesian learners and the learners who are the native speakers should also be analyzed. It is possible to extend the type of syntactic complexity found in academic texts. In the end, those extensions should be characterized the English language used by Indonesian learners. The data is gained through downloading the abstracts of the undergraduate thesis in the academic year of 2015-2016 from the UBM English Department alumni database. The data regarding the abstracts written down by the native speakers is downloaded from the reputable universities in The United States of America. After that, the data is analyzed by making used of the syntactic analyzer by Lu &amp; Ai (2015). The results shows that the Indonesian learners tend to write more complex sentences and use subordination in the abstracts. The native speakers, on the other hands, tend to write longer sentences with longer T-Unit and clauses. They also tend to write complex nominal in the abstracts. The number of coordination used is similar between the ones written down by Indonesian learners and native speakers of English. <strong></strong></p><strong>Keywords:</strong> syntactic complexity, syntactic structures, undergraduate thesis, Indonesian learners

scholarly journals AFIKS PEMBENTUK ADJEKTIVA DALAM BAHASA LAMPUNG DIALEK A LOGAT BELALAU (Analisis Morfologis

LOKABASA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
MEGARIA MEGARIA
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang afiks pembentuk adjektiva dalam bahasa Lampung dialek A logat Belalau yang disingkat (BLA). Analisis dalam penelitian terdiri atas prefiksasi, sufiksasi, infiksasi, dan konfiksasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data berasal dari telaah pustaka, khususnya teks yang menggunakan bahasa Lampung Dialek A dan sebagian berasal dari tuturan lisan yang berfungsi sebagai pelengkap data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa afiks pembentuk adjektiva dalam BLA terdiri atas (1) prefiks, (2) sufiks, (3) konfiks, dan (4) kombinasi afiks. Prefiks pembentuk adjektiva dalam BLA terdiri atas prefiks se-, dan te-. Sufiks dalam BLA hanya satu, yakni sufiks -an. Afiks lainnya adalah konfiks ke-an dan kombinasi afiks.Kata kunci:  . This research examines the adjective affixes in Lampungese, focusing on A Belalau Logat dialect. The analysis of this study consists of prefixes, suffixes, infixes, and confixes. This study employed a descriptive qualitative method. The main data came from the existing literature, especially the text in the dialect in question and the complementary data came from oral speech of Lampung native speakers. This study showed that the adjective affixes in Lampungese comprise (1) prefixes, (2) suffixes, (3) confixes, and (4) affix combinations. The prefixes include the prefix se- and te-. The suffix observed is only the suffix -an. In addition, there exists the confix ke-an as well as the combination of affixes.

scholarly journals PERCEPTION OF THE INTONATION OF INTERROGATIVENESS VS INCOMPLETENESS IN THE INTERFERED RUSSIAN SPEECH OF THE EVENKS

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
OLGA B. KARACHEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Russian Speakers ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Phonetic Features ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Perception Analysis

The perception of oral speech can undoubtedly be attributed to one of the most complex processes in language, since the observer does not have direct access to the sounds, but only to the reactions associated with them. Every language has a perceptual base that allows a person not only to hear but also to carry out a number of procedures aimed at identifying and cognizing what he / she has heard by comparing it with the patterns in the mind representing a combination of significant phonetic features. Meanwhile, the researcher observes listeners’ reactions trying to systematize these features and the mechanisms of their perception and interpretation. This paper reports the results of Russian speakers ' perception analysis of the interfered Russian speech of the Evenks on the example of affirmative sentences with the intonation of incompleteness and general questions. The results show that Russian interfered speech of the Evenks is positively perceived by Russian native speakers...

scholarly journals PEMEROLEHAN SINTAKSIS (B1) BAHASA “SASAK” PADA ANAK USIA 4-6 TAHUN DI LOMBOK TIMUR MELALUI PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Mushaitir Mushaitir
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Single Sentence ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Data Translation ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
The Village ◽  
Syntactic Derivation

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pemerolehan sintaksis (B1) bahasa “sasak” pada anak usia 4-6 tahun di Lombok Timur melalui permainan tradisional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitin ini adalah klausa atau kalimat (B1). Sumber data diperoleh dari anak usia 4-6 tahun di Lombok Timur selaku penutur asli (B1) bahasa “sasak” di desa Kalijaga, Kecamatan Aikmel, Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik simak dan rekam audio visual. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah mentranskrip data, penerjemahan, pengklasifikasian berdasarkan jenis klausa atau kalimat, dan penganalisisan. Hasil analsis data yang diperoleh adalah terdapat penggunaan kalimat tunggal, di antaranya (1) klausa berdasarkan kelengkapan unsur intinya, di dalamnya terdapat klausa lengkap dan klausa tidak lengkap; (2) klausa berdasarkan struktur internalnya, di dalamnya terdapat klausa berstruktur runtut dan klausa berstruktur inversi; dan (3) klausa berdasarkan unsur negasi pada predikat;. Selain itu, terdapat pula penggunakan kalimat majemuk koordinatif dan kalimat majemuk subordinatif.Kata kunci:  pemerolehan sintaksis B1, anak usia 4-6 tahun,  permainan tradisional       AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the acquisition of syntax (B1) of children aged 4-6 years through traditional games. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The research data is a clause or sentence (B1). Sources of data obtained from children aged 4-6 years as native speakers (B1) of “Sasak” language in the village Kalidjaga, Aikmel sub-district, East-Lombok district. The data collection technique used is the listen and record technique using audio-visual equipment. Data analysis technique used was transcribing the data, translation, classification based on the type of clause or sentence, and analyzing. The results of the analysis of data obtained is a single sentence contained use, including: (1) clause based on the completeness of the point, in which there is a complete clause and the clause is not complete; (2) clause based on the internal structure, in which there is a coherent structured clause, and clause inversion structure; and (3) clause based on a predicate negation element ;. In addition , there is also the use of complex sentences coordinative and subordinate compound sentencesKeywords: syntactic derivation B1, children aged 4-6 years, traditional games

scholarly journals VERBALIZATION OF NON-VERBALS IN THE UKRAINIAN SPEECH: LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL ASPECT

2019 ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Tetiana Fedorivna Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Forming Mechanism ◽  
Grammatical Aspect ◽  
Component Object ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Verbal Component ◽  
Verbal Discourse ◽  
Linguistic Units

Objective of the research is to determine wide contextual potential of linguistic units containing a verbalized non-verbal component. Object of the research is a non-verbal discourse of the modern Ukrainian oral speech; subject of the research is represented by lexical, word-forming, and semantic innovations representing live speech of the modern Ukrainians. Materials of the study include occasional and individual-author’s nominative units recorded in academic dictionaries and dictionaries of lexical as well as lexical and word-forming innovations of the 21st century. Methods of the research are the following: functional (a method of discourse and cognitive-onomasiological analysis), structural (in terms of transformational and component analysis), methods of associative analysis and statistic observation. The results are as follows: the paper has demonstrated that 1) application of morphological and syntactic word-forming mechanism is motivated by the system of communicative-pragmatic intentions of an addresser aimed at the increase in expressiveness or considerable modification of the communicative senses; and 2) increase in total volume of semantic structure of nominative patterns as a result of a) generalization of the initial meaning or widening in semantics; b) concretization or narrowing of the meaning of the initial unit; c) shifts in the meanings, in cases when semantically conventional forming basis is replaced by the basis being a non-verbal motivator, take place to determine communicative situation or modeling of communicative behaviour of an addresser. A methodology to design field structure (LSF) is proposed to study non-morphological methods of word formation; the methodology makes it possible to trace the processes of the formation of interpretational meanings of a lexeme – non-verbal motivator. Practical implication of the results and use of the proposed methods are possible in the process of further analysis of the mechanisms to verbalize non-verbals both at lexical and grammatical linguistic levels. Conclusions are drawn to emphasize the productivity of the process to verbalize non-verbals illustrated by the units of different linguistic levels; in this context, we can observe functional complexity of both word-forming and syntactic processes as well as efficiency of the inter-disciplinary approach which widens the boundaries of linguistic practice and may favour improvement of the linguistic and communicative competence of the native speakers.

On the impact of clause order on pronoun resolution: evidence from Spanish

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Núria de Rocafiguera ◽  
Aurora Bel
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Subject Pronouns ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Null Pronouns ◽  
Overt Pronouns ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Pronominal Anaphora ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In research on intra-sentential pronominal anaphora resolution in null subject languages, it has been argued that null pronouns tend to be biased towards subject antecedents, whereas overt pronouns tend to prefer object antecedents, as predicted by Carminati’s ‘Position of the Antecedent Hypothesis’. However, these studies have mainly focused on only one of the two possible clause orders (main-subordinate or subordinate-main), which have not been overtly contrasted. This paper investigates the effects of clause order on the interpretation of third-person subject pronouns in globally ambiguous intra-sentential contexts by 49 native speakers of Spanish. The results of an acceptability judgment task explicitly comparing both clause orders indicate that relative clause order is a key factor affecting the interpretation of pronouns: while a preference of overt pronouns for object antecedents holds across clause orders, null pronouns show a bias towards subject antecedents only in subordinate-main sequences. These findings refine the Position of the Antecedent Hypothesis predictions by restricting them to subordinate-main complex sentences.

The acquisition of complex sentences: a cross-linguistic study

1982 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Myhill
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Language Transfer ◽  
Linguistic Study ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Grammaticality Judgments

The paper reports the results of a test involving grammaticality judgments of English sentences given to native speakers of Spanish and Mandarin Chinese studying English as a second language. A detailed account is presented of aspects of Spanish and Chinese syntax that might explain the performance of the subjects, and an appeal is made for a more thorough search for and description of the areas of syntax in which language transfer is most likely to take place, based upon the study of acquisition data involving many different L1s and L2s. The results suggest that interference can come from sources not specified in traditional contrastive analyses and that researchers therefore must not restrict themselves to testing these analyses.

Morphology and Syntax in Arabic-Speaking Adolescents Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 3867-3882
Author(s):  
Khaloob Kawar
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Oral Narrative ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Language Interventions ◽  
Arabic Speaking

Purpose Diagnoses, assessments, and treatments, as well as social and language interventions, can be effective in identifying and interpreting specific linguistic features that present special challenges to the language abilities of individuals who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH). This article reports on a study analyzing complex sentences and morphosyntactic error production by Arabic-speaking adolescents who are hearing and DHH. Method A total of 124 adolescents participated, all native speakers of Arabic in Grades 6–10 (63 hearing and 61 DHH). The participants were asked to provide an oral narrative about a dangerous experience. Results Both groups produced a low mean percentage of complex sentences out of the total number of clauses. However, adolescents who are DHH produced significantly fewer complex sentences and more morphosyntactic errors when compared with their hearing peers. The most common errors produced by both groups were clause errors including omission of subject or predicate and errors in word order. Determiner errors were produced significantly more often by adolescents who are DHH. Conclusions To our knowledge, this study is one of the first to investigate morphosyntactic aspects of complex sentences and morphosyntactic errors produced by Arabic-speaking adolescents who are hearing and DHH. This study therefore has significance for further research on language development among Arabic speakers and on definitions of vulnerable linguistic aspects in DHH.

INTERFERENSI BAHASA BUGIS DALAM PENGGUNAAN BAHASA INDONESIA LISAN MAHASISWA JURUSA PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA INDONESIA FKIP UNISMUH MAKASSAR

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akhir ◽  
Supriadi Supriadi
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Department Of Education ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Mandatory Sentence ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

This study aims to describe the forms of syntactic interference in the use of Indonesian spoken Indonesian Student Department of Language Education and Literature Indonesia, FKIP Unismuh Makassar. The data in this study were obtained from oral speech that meet the criteria: (1) native speakers of Bugis language, (2) have studied Bugis language, (3) being open, friendly, and not easily offended. The data in this study were collected through observation, interview, and elicitation techniques. Further analyzed by using contrastive analysis to find forms of syntactic interference then incorporated into syntactic patterns. From the results of this research data analysis obtained some form of Bugis language syntax interference in the use of Indonesian language oral Indonesian Department of Education and Literature FKIP Unismuh Makassar which includes: (1) subject dating, (2) word order, (3) use of pronouns (4) the use of the same agentive particles to replace the agentive particles by, (5) the use of the same particles to represent to, (6) the use of the same particles to represent with, (7) the use of the proposition particles in to replace the prepositioned particles to. (8) the use of preposition particles in to express the preposition particles in, (9) the use of preposition particles in to express the preposition particles of (10) the date of the particle in to time, (11) the use of the new word as the sentence word, the preposition dating by in passive mandatory sentence, (13) denial at the beginning of the sentence. (14) the use of pronouns.

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