scholarly journals Intervention of Hydration Protocol on Strength, Endurance, and Muscle Power Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu Syahrul Ramadhan ◽  
Leonardo Lubis ◽  
Nandina Oktavia ◽  
Daniel Womsiwor ◽  
Beltasar Tarigan

Water is a molecule that plays an essential role in the muscle contraction process because muscle is a tissue that mostly contains water (75-80%). Therefore, athletes need to maintain fluid intake to support their physical activities when competing and when training. Nevertheless, in several studies, it was noted that some athletes experienced hypohydration or dehydration, which ultimately impaired muscle performance. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the hydration protocol intervention on muscle strength, endurance, and power performance. This research is an analytical study with quasi-experimental research methods, namely single-arm pre-post study design using secondary data. Subjects of this study were 69 athletes year 2020 (named consecutively: Muaythai 9, Pencak silat 12, wrestling 10, judo 18, and taekwondo 20 athletes). This research was conducted from December 2019 to January 2020. In the beginning, all athletes were tested for muscle strength using a leg dynamometer, then muscle endurance tests using push-up and sit-up tests, and muscle power tests using the triple hop test of the right and left legs. After the first test, all athletes were educated about the hydration protocol. The hydration protocol was determined based on each athlete's sweat rate (ISR) and the training characteristics of each sports division. Then, all athletes underwent the training for two months. After that, the same tests were performed. The result showed that hydration protocol influenced the performance of muscle strength, endurance, and power. Therefore, the hydration protocol is influential in maintaining a good hydration status in athletes so that the athlete does not experience hypohydration which will later impair the athlete's muscle performance. Therefore, it is crucial to apply hydration protocols individually according to the training program (volume of training), not only in martial arts sports but in all sports.

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Devi Lestya Pembayun ◽  
Oce Wiriawan ◽  
Hari Setijono

Plyometric exercise is form of exercise which vary. In this research, the researcher only uses three kinds of exercise – jump to box, depth jump and single-leg depth jump. This research aims to analyze the influence of jump to box, depth jump and single-leg depth jump towards enhancement of limbs muscle strength and power. Subject of this research is 40 students of SMA Negeri 1 Ngunut who join extracuricular, all of them are boy. This is quantitative semi experimental research which use matching-only design to clasify the group and Anova to analyze the data. During pretest and posttest, leg dynamometer were used to take the data of limbs muscle strength, while Jump MD were used to take the data of of limbs muscle power. Furthermore, the data were analyze using SPSS version 21. The result of this research shooed that there is influence of jump to box, depth jump and single-leg depth jump towards enhancement of limbs muscle strength and power. It can be concluded that plyometric exercise using box jump is very efficient to enhance the leg muscle performance.


2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Romero-Moraleda ◽  
Juan Del Coso ◽  
Jorge Gutiérrez-Hellín ◽  
Carlos Ruiz-Moreno ◽  
Jozo Grgic ◽  
...  

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the fluctuations of muscle performance in the Smith machine half-squat exercise during three different phases of the menstrual cycle. Thirteen resistance-trained and eumenorrheic women volunteered to participate in the study (58.6 ± 7.8 kg, 31.1 ± 5.5 years). In a pre-experimental test, the half-squat one-repetition maximum (1RM) was measured. Body mass, tympanic temperature and urine concentration of the luteinizing hormone were estimated daily for ~30 days to determine the early follicular phase (EFP), the late follicular phase (LFP), and the mid-luteal phase (MLP) of the menstrual cycle. On the second day of each phase, performance of the Smith machine half-squats was assessed using 20, 40, 60 and 80% of one repetition maximum (1RM). In each load, force, velocity, and power output were measured during the concentric phase of the exercise by means of a rotatory encoder. The data were analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA coupled with magnitude-based inferences. Overall, force, velocity and power output were very similar in all menstrual cycle phases with unclear differences in most of the pairwise comparisons and effect sizes >0.2. The results of this investigation suggest that eumenorrheic females have similar muscle strength and power performance in the Smith machine half-squat exercise during the EFP, LFP, and MLP phases of the menstrual cycle.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia W Gunadi ◽  
Yenni Limyati ◽  
Jeanny E Ladi ◽  
Stela Clara ◽  
Hadrian M Sinaga

The use of Kinesio Taping has been reported to increase muscle power and strength,especially quadriceps femoris muscle, the great extensor of the leg. This research examines theeffect of Kinesio Taping on quadriceps femoris muscle power and strength in non-athlete adultmales. This research is quasi experimental design, involving 30 non-athlete adult males aged18-22 years old . Muscle power is examined by using Margaria-KalamenPower Test, andmuscle strength by using Isometric Leg Strength Test before, 20 minutes and 24 hours afterusing Kinesio Taping. The data is analyzed by using paired t test. The result shows that musclepower difference between 20 minutes and before using KinesioTaping (196,62±150,67) watt arelower than muscle power difference between 24 hours and before using KinesioTaping(247,31±139,88)watt (p value <0,01). The result also shows that muscle strength differencebetween 20 minutes and before using KinesioTaping (26,74±10,26)kg shows lower than musclestrength difference between 24 hours and before using KinesioTaping(30,26±9,99)kg(p value<0,01). KinesioTaping increases quadriceps femoris muscle power and strength 24 hours afterbetter than 20 minutes after using in non-athlete adult males.Keywords: Kinesio Taping, quadriceps femoris, muscle power, muscle strength


2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Garatachea ◽  
Zoraida Verde ◽  
Alejandro Santos-Lozano ◽  
Thomas Yvert ◽  
Gabriel Rodriguez-Romo ◽  
...  

Purpose:To determine the association of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism with leg-muscle explosive power in Spanish (white) elite basketball players and controls.Participants:100 (60 men) elite basketball players (cases) and 283 nonathletic controls.Methods:The authors assessed power performance by means of the vertical-squat and countermovement-jump tests.Results:Genotype distributions did not differ between groups (cases: 37.0% [RR], 42.0% [RX], and 21.0% [XX]; controls: 31.8% [RR], 49.8% [RX], and 18.4% [XX]; P = .353). The authors did not observe any effect of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism on study phenotypes in either group, including when they performed the analyses separately in men and women. They found no association between the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and the likelihood of being an elite basketball player using the dominant or the recessive model, and the results remained unaltered when the analyses were adjusted for sex, weight, height, and age or when performed for men and women separately.Conclusions:Although the ACTN3 R577X is associated with explosive muscle performance and this phenotype is important in the sport of basketball (ie, during jumps), the authors found no association with leg explosive power in elite basket players or with the status of being this type of athlete.


2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 694.1-694
Author(s):  
M. Giannini ◽  
A. L. Charles ◽  
M. Pizzimenti ◽  
L. Debrut ◽  
D. A. Levy ◽  
...  

Background:Myositis are systemic autoimmune rare diseases characterized by muscle inflammation and weakness. Even though the signs of active disease have been resolved, myositis patients frequently present residual muscle weakness, decreased physical performance and sustained disability. This condition has been coined on the term “damage” (as opposed to “activity”).Sarcopenia is a frequent, progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder characterized by low muscle strength and mass leading to handicap, decreased quality of life and increased mortality.1Prevalence and significance of sarcopenia in myositis patients has never been reported.Objectives:To study sarcopenia in myositis patients with low or no disease activity.Methods:Adult myositis patients (2017 ACR/EULAR criteria), with disease duration greater than 12 months, creatine kinase serum level (CK) less than 500 U/l, stable medication for 6 months were enrolled. Patients with inclusion body myositis were excluded. Total (LM) and appendicular (ALM) muscle mass were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, Hologic) and muscle grip strength was measured using Jamar dynamometer. Sarcopenia was defined according to the EWGSOP2 consensus.1Results:29 patients (20 female, 68.9%), with a median age of 61 years (50.5-71) were enrolled. They suffered from dermatomyositis (DM, n=4), immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), n=8), anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS, n=9), scleromyositis (SM, n=8) since 4.7 years (2.8-8.3). At the evaluation, muscle strength assessed with MMT-8 was 139/150 (136-147), MMT-12 was 210/220 (204-216) and CK were 131.5 U/l (105.5-202). Four patients (13.8%) were sarcopenic. Sarcopenic patients were older (73.4 years (66.2-80.5) vs 58.7 years (44.2-79.6), p=0.03), with a longer disease duration (7.3 years (5.3-11.8) vs 4.3 (2.7-8.3), p = 0.1), longer time with increased CK (449 days (169.8-954) vs 255.5 (124-872.8)), higher maximum CK values (6000 U/l (2205-7000) vs 1636 (900-4457)). They suffered from IMNM (2/4, 50%); DM (n=1) and SM (n=1), had more frequently disease-related cardiac involvement (50% vs 4%, p=0.04), and tended to a longer steroid therapy duration (2.4 years (0.8-5) vs 1.8 (1.3-3.9), p=0.9) and a higher number of immunomodulatory drugs (2.5 (2-5.3) vs 2 (2-3), p=0.3).At the evaluation, sarcopenic patients were globally weaker as highlighted by lower MMT-12 (201 (196.8-206.8) vs 213 (207-217.5), p=0.02). Head flexo-extensors and proximal upper muscles were especially weaker (respectively, p=0.04 and p=0.03). Muscle performance was also lower in sarcopenic patients as assessed by distance covered at 6-minute walk test (6mWT, p=0.003) and number of squats in 30 seconds (p=0.005). Time to drink a glass of water was significantly longer in sarcopenics (p=0.04) even if any patient referred dysphagia. Health assessment questionnaire score was greater (1.4 (0.8-2) vs 0.6 (0.2-1), p=0.04) indicating higher handicap. LM positively correlated with MMT-8 (ρ=0.5, p=0.01) and MMT-12 (ρ=0.5, p=0.004), with number of squats in 30 seconds (ρ=0.7, p=0.0003) and 6mWT distance covered/lower limit (ρ= 0.5, p=0.01). Moreover, LM negatively correlated with time to drink a glass of water (ρ=-0.6, p=0.002).Conclusion:Muscle mass measured by DXA is a relevant parameter for muscle damage and disability in myositis patients. Sarcopenic myositis patients represent a subgroup with important muscle damage and handicap.References:[1]Cruz-Jentoft AJ et al. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing. 1 Jan 2019;48(1):16-31.Disclosure of Interests:None declared


Author(s):  
Kenneth W. Kambis ◽  
Sarah K. Pizzedaz

Creatine monohydrate (CrH2O) supplementation has been demonstrated to increase skeletal muscle power output in men. However, its effect upon women is not as clearly defined. This study investigated the effect of oral creatine supplementation upon muscle function, thigh circumference, and body weight in women. Twenty-two consenting college-age women were assigned to 1 of 2 groups matched for dietary and exercise habits, phase of menstrual cycle, and fat-free mass (FFM). After familiarization with testing procedures, pretrial measures of muscle function (5 repetitions 60 deg · s−1 and 50 repetitions 180 deg · s−1) were conducted during maximal voluntary concentric contraction of the preferred quadriceps muscle using an isokinetic dynamometer. Subjects then ingested 0.5 g · kg−1 FFM of either CrH2O or placebo (one fourth dosage 4 times daily) in a double-blind design for 5 days. Resistance exercise was prohibited. After the ingestion phase was completed, all measures were repeated at the same time of day as during pretrials. Statistical analysis revealed time to peak torque in quadriceps extension decreased from pre-test values of 255 ± 11 ms (mean ± SEM) to post-test values of 223 ± 3 ms; average power in extension increased from 103 ± 7 W pre-test to 112 ± 7 W post-test; and, during flexion, average power increased from 59 ± 5 W pre-test to 65 ± 5 W post-test in the creatine group as compared to controls (p ≤ .05). FFM, percent body fat, mid-quadriceps circumference, skinfold thickness of the measured thigh, and total body weight did not change for both groups between trials. We conclude that CrH2O improves muscle performance in women without significant gains in muscle volume or body weight.


2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naryana Cristina Mascarin ◽  
Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira ◽  
Rodrigo Luiz Vancini ◽  
Alberto de Castro Pochini ◽  
Antonio Carlos da Silva ◽  
...  

Context:Imbalance in shoulder-rotator muscles has been considered a risk factor for injuries in handball. Strength training programs (STPs) may play an important preventive role.Objective:To verify the effects of an STP using elastic bands on shoulder muscles and ball-throwing speed.Design:Randomized and prospective controlled trial.Setting:Exercise physiology laboratory.Participants:Thirty-nine female handball players were randomly assigned to an experimental (EG, n = 21, 15.3 ± 1.1 y) or a control (CG, n = 18, 15.0 ± 0.8 y) group.Intervention:The EG performed the STP with elastic-band progressive exercises for 6 wk before regular handball training, and the CG underwent only their regular training.Main Outcome Measures:Before and after the STP, both groups underwent a ball-throwing-speed test and isokinetic test to assess shoulder internal- (IR) and external-rotator muscle performance.Results:Average power values for IR muscles presented a significant group-vs-time interaction effect (F = 3.9, P = .05); EG presented significantly higher values after the STP (P = .03). Ball speed presented higher values in EG after the STP in standing (P = .04) and jumping (P = .03) throws. IR peak-torque values and balance in shoulder-rotator muscles presented no group-vs-time interaction effect.Conclusions:STP using elastic bands performed for 6 wk was effective to improve muscle power and ball speed for young female handball players.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gede Agunk Teddy Pratama ◽  
Made Budiawan ◽  
I Nyoman Sudarmada

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan three corner drill terhadap kelincahan dan power otot tungkai. Jenis penelitian adalah quasi experimental dengan rancangan the non-randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Subjek penelitian yang digunakan siswa putra peserta ektrakurikuler sepak bola SMPN 2 Pekutatan. Data post-test kelincahan dan power otot tungkai pada kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol dianalisis dengan uji-t independent pada taraf signifikansi (α) 0,05 dengan bantuan program SPSS 16.0. Berdasarkan hasil uji-t independent didapatkan hasil : (1) untuk variabel kelincahan, hasil perbandingan kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol didapatkan nilai thitung = -2,948 , dengan nilai signifikansi 0,009, (2) untuk variabel power, hasil perbandingan kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol didapatkan nilai thitung = 3,176, dengan nilai signifikansi 0,005. Nilai signifikansi hitung lebih kecil dari nilai α (Sig < 0,05), dengan demikian hipotesis penelitian “pelatihan three corner drill berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kelincahan dan power otot tungkai pada siswa putra peserta ektrakurikuler sepak bola SMPN 2 Pekutatan” diterima. Dari hasil analisis data dan pembahasan disimpulkan bahwa : (1) Pelatihan three corner drill berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kelincahan pada siswa putra peserta ektrakurikuler sepak bola SMP Negeri 2 Pekutatan (2) Pelatihan three corner drill berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan power otot tungkai pada siswa putra peserta ektrakurikuler sepak bola SMP Negeri 2 Pekutatan. Kata Kunci : kelincahan, daya ledak, three corner drill The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of three corner drill training toward the increased agility and power muscle of legs. The type of research was a quasi-experimental and the design of research was the non-randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The subjects were man’s student football extracurricular participants of SMPN 2 Pekutatan. Agility and muscle power of legs posttest to the treatment group and the control group were analyzed by independent t-test at significance 0,05 with SPSS 16.0. Based on independent t-test results were showed : (1) to the agility variable, the comparison of the treatment and the control group values obtained t = -2,948, with a significance value of 0,009, (2) to muscle power of legs variable, the comparison of the treatment and the control group values obtained t = 3,176, with a significance value of 0,005. Calculated significance value smaller than the value of 0,05 (Sig < 0.05), thus the research hypothesis "three corner drill training affect the increased agility and muscle power of legs in football extracurricular participants of SMPN 2 Pekutatan " was received. From the analyzed and discussion were concluded that : (1) three corner drill training effect the increased agility in football extracurricular participants of SMPN 2 Pekutatan, (2) three corner drill training effect the increased muscle power of legs in football extracurricular participants of SMPN 2 Pekutatan. keyword : Agility, power, three corner drill


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249662
Author(s):  
Samuel Muhula ◽  
Anthony Mveyange ◽  
Samuel Oji Oti ◽  
Martha Bande ◽  
Hellen Kayiaa ◽  
...  

Introduction In Kenya, Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) is highly prevalent in specific communities such as the Maasai and Somali. With the intention of curtailing FMG/C prevalence in Maasai community, Amref Health Africa, designed and implemented a novel intervention—community-led alternative rite of passage (CLARP) in Kajiado County in Kenya since 2009. The study: a) determined the impact of the CLARP model on FGM/C, child early and forced marriages (CEFM), teenage pregnancies (TP) and years of schooling among girls and b) explored the attitude, perception and practices of community stakeholders towards FGM/C. Methods We utilised a mixed methods approach. A difference-in-difference approach was used to quantify the average impact of the model with Kajiado as the intervention County and Mandera, Marsabit and Wajir as control counties. The approach relied on secondary data analysis of the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) 2003, 2008–2009 and 2014. A qualitative approach involving focus group discussions, in-depth interviews and key informant interviews were conducted with various respondents and community stakeholders to document experiences, attitude and practices towards FGM/C. Results The CLARP has contributed to: 1) decline in FGM/C prevalence, CEFM rates and TP rates among girls by 24.2% (p<0.10), 4.9% (p<0.01) and 6.3% (p<0.01) respectively. 2) increase in girls schooling years by 2.5 years (p<0.05). Perceived CLARP benefits to girls included: reduction in teenage marriages and childbirth; increased school retention and completion; teenage pregnancies reduction and decline in FGM/C prevalence. Community stakeholders in Kajiado believe that CLARP has been embraced in the community because of its impacts in the lives of its beneficiaries and their families. Conclusion This study demonstrated that CLARP has been positively received by the Maasai community and has played a significant role in attenuating FGM/C, CEFM and TP in Kajiado, while contributing to increasing girls’ schooling years. CLARP is replicable as it is currently being implemented in Tanzania. We recommend scaling it up for adoption by stakeholders implementing in other counties that practice FGM/C as a rite of passage in Kenya and across other sub Saharan Africa countries.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Broďáni ◽  
Natália Dvořáčková ◽  
Monika Czaková ◽  
Zdenek Malík ◽  
Peter Lopata

The objective of the study was to deal with the ratio of the parameters of maximum muscle power and power endurance and explain their contribution to the sports performance in kayak disciplines of Slovakia National Team members. Material and methods. Strength parameters were monitored by Tendo Power Analyser in the barbell bench press and pull on a horizontal bench. A diagnostic series of maximum power and effective repetition test for power endurance was performed at both, barbell bench press and bench pull exercises. Determining the factors limiting sports performance in kayak disciplines 200 meters, 500 meters, 1,000 meters, 5,000 meters, and marathon 21,500 meters, the evaluation of dependence between all power variables were used. The stepwise regression was used to reduce the indicators.  Results. It was found out that in kayak sprint disciplines (200 meters, 500 meters) the sports performance in the kayak is influenced by the barbell bench pull more than bench press on the horizontal bench when speaking about the strength parameters. In the middle-distance disciplines (1,000 meters), the ratio of strength parameters is balanced. As the length of kayak disciplines increases (5,000 meters and 21,500 meters), the ratio of strength parameters has changed in favor of the barbell bench press. From the parameters of maximum muscle performance and muscle endurance measured in the barbell bench press and pull on a horizontal bench, the average power of power endurance was demonstrated to explain the sports performance in kayak disciplines.  Conclusion. From the parameters of maximum power and power endurance in the bench press and bench pull in all kayak disciplines, the parameter of average power in power endurance was proved to explain sports performance. Knowledge of these factors will allow optimizing the content of sports training of kayakers, the process of developing their strength skills, and their transformation process into a structure of sports performance and kayaking paddling technique. 


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