scholarly journals Pengaruh Permainan Tradisional terhadap Kemampuan Perseptual Motorik Anak di SDN Margawatu II Garut Kota

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Ai Melis Kusmiati ◽  
Gano Sumarno
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Motor Test ◽  
Third Grade Students ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
Traditional Game

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh permainan tradisional terhadap kemampuan perseptual motorik anak di SDN Margawati II Garut Kota. Metode penelitian menggunakan eksperimen dengan desain Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas III SDN Margawati II Garut Kota, sedangkan sampel penelitian terdiri dari 40 orang, 20 orang siswa yang diberikan permainan tradisional dan 20 orang siswa sebagai kelompok kontrol atau yang tidak diberikan permainan tradisional. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan teknik sampel jenuh, yakni seluruh populasi dijadikan sampel. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan tes perseptual motorik dengan reliabilitas 0.75.  Analisis data menggunakan statistika non parametrik Wilcoxon test. Berdasarkan pengolahan dan analisis data, dapat diketahui nilai Whitung 4.0 dan nilai Wtabel sebesar 52 (α= 0.05). Karena nilai Whitung lebih kecil dari Wtabel maka Ho ditolak. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa permainan tradisional berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kemampuan perseptual motorik anak di SDN Margawati II Garut Kota.  Abstract The purpose of this research was to find out whether the traditional games gave significant impacts on student’s perceptual motor in SDN Margawati II, Garut Kota. Experimental study methodology was used in this research by using Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The population of this research was third grade students of SDN Margawati II Garut Kota, while the sample of this research involved 40 students, 20 students received the traditional game instructions and 20 students as control group who did not receive the traditional game instruction. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling technique in which all of the populations are included as samples. The research instrument was perceptual motor test by Prof. Hari Amirullah Rachman which had trial validity 14.3 and the reability 0.75. Data analysis used statistic non parametric with Wilcoxon test. The data analysis showed that Wscore 4.0 and Wtable distribution 52 (α= 0.05). Since Wscore was lower than Wtable, accordingly H0 is rejected. Therefore, it can be concluded that the traditional games give significant impacts on students’ perceptual motor skill.  

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENDEKATAN VISUAL THINKING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS SISWA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Erdawati Nurdin ◽  
Hayatun Nufus ◽  
Hasanuddin Hasanuddin
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Visual Thinking ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Class Viii ◽  
Mathematical Connection ◽  
Learning By Using

This study aims to see the effect of visual thinking approach on improving students' mathematical connection ability. This is a quasi-experimental research with nonequivalent control group design. The sample is students on class VIII in Madrasah Tsanawiyah which is chosen by using purposive sampling technique. The research instruments used are a test of mathematical connection ability and an observation sheet. The results of the observations showed an increase in the activity of students and teachers in each meeting in the classroom that obtained learning by using visual thinking approach. The data of increased connection ability is not normally distributed, so the data analysis is done using U non-parametric test of Mann Whitney. From the data analysis, it can be concluded that there is no significant effect of learning by using visual thinking approach to students’ mathematical connection ability improvement.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN POSISI SEMI FOWLER TERHADAP RESPIRATION RATE PADA PASIEN ASMA BRONKIAL DI PUSKESMAS AIR UPAS KETAPANG

2018 ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
Luhur Arifian ◽  
Joko Kismanto
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Post Test

ABSTRAK Pada penyakit asma, serangan umumnya datang pada malam hari, tetapi dalam keadaan berat serangan dapat terjadi setiap saat tidak tergantung waktu. Inspirasi pendek dan dangkal, mengakibatkan penderita menjadi sianosis, wajahnya pucat dan lemas, serta kulit banyak mengeluarkan keringat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian posisi Semi fowler terhadap respiration rate pada pasien asma bronkial di Puskesmas Air Upas Ketapang   Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan Quasi Eksperimental dengan Pre and post test with control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah sejumlah 48 orang yang mengalami asma bronkial di Puskesmas Air Upas Kabupaten Ketapang, Kalimantan Barat. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 42 responden. Analisa data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji Wilcoxon.   Hasil penelitian menunjukkan uji Wilcoxon dengan nilai p value 0,000 sehingga ada pengaruh pemberian posisi semi fowler terhadap respiration rate pada pasien asma bronkial di Puskesmas Air Upas Ketapang   Kata Kunci: posisi semi fowler, respiration rate, asma bronkial     ABSTRACT In asthma, the attacks usually come at night, but in a state of severe attacks can occur at any time does not depend on time. Inspiration short and shallow, resulting in the patient became cyanotic, his face pale and limp, and skin a lot of sweat. This study aimed to determine the effect of semi fowler position against respiration rate in patients with bronchial asthma in the Main Clinic Air Upas Ketapang. This research used the quasi experimental quantitative method with the pre and post test with control group design. It’s population was 48 asthma sufferers at the main clinic Air Upas Ketapang of west Borneo. The samples of research were determined through the purposive sampling technique and consisted of 42 respondents who were divided into two groups: 21 in the control group and 21 in the experimental group. The data of research were analyzed by using the Wilcoxon’s analysis.The results showed the Wilcoxon test with p value of 0.000 so that there is the effect of semi fowler position against respiration rate in patients with bronchial asthma in the Main Clinic Air Upas Ketapang.   Keywords: position semi fowler, respiration rate, bronchial asthma  

scholarly journals TEACHING READING THROUGH THREE STAY ONE STRAY TOWARDS AT MA DARUSOLLIHIN NW KALIJAGA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Muhlisin ◽  
Aprianoto Aprianoto
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Teaching Reading ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Inferential Analysis

This investigation deal with quasi experimental in the form non-randomize control group design or non-equivalent by purposing at finding out teaching reading through three stay one stray. The investigation used total sampling technique in determining the sample of the research. The data was taken by using test in the form of multiples choice and it analyzed by using descriptive statistic and inferential analysis. Based on the data analysis was gotten that the result of analysis shown that t-test was higher than t-table. It can be inferred that alternative hypothesis accepted and null hypothesis rejected. Therefore, it concluded that there was significant effect teaching reading through three stay one stray

scholarly journals PENGARUH MODEL NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PKN KELAS V SDN 15 PADANG SARAI

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinita
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Class V ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Group Design

This research aims at finding out the effects of the implementation of the‘Numbered Head Together’ model, also known as a Cooperative Learning toward students learning outcomes of the Civics lesson at class V of SDN 15 Padang Sarai. This quasi experiment applied the nonequivalent control group design. The population of this research was all grade V students of SDN 15 Padang Sarai. Class VB was chosen as the experiment class while class VC was the control class by using the purposive sampling technique. Based on the data analysis using the t-test with the significant level of 0.05, it is found that tcount > ttablewith the score of tcount = 2.149 while ttable =1.67. Thus, the H1 hypotesis is accepted.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Pemberian Biskuit Ikan Teri Terhadap Peningkatan Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Remaja Putri

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-56
Author(s):  
Kiki Uniatri Thalib ◽  
Suryani As’ad ◽  
Healthy Hidayanti ◽  
Mardiana Ahmad ◽  
Andi Nilawati Usman
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Quasi Experiment

Anemia is a major health problem throughout the world and in Indonesia. Young women are more prone to developing anemia because of their rapid growth period, so they need higher levels of nutrients including iron and protein. This study aims to determine how the effect of giving anchovy biscuits (Stolephorus sp) on the increase in hemoglobin levels in young women at SMK 01 Rangas, Mamuju Regency. This type of research is quantitative research. The research design used is a Quasi Experiment with a Nonequaivalent Control Group design where there are 2 test groups, namely the control group and the intervention group. The study population was all female adolescents class XI SMK 01 Rangas Mamuju Regency. This research was conducted in January - April 2020. The sampling technique used purposive sampling by paying attention to several inclusion and exclusion criteria in order to obtain a sample of 60 people. The sample was divided into 2 groups, namely 30 intervention groups and 30 control groups. The intervention group was given anchovy biscuits while the control group was given placebo biscuits. Hemoglobin levels were measured twice, before and after the intervention. The intervention was carried out for 12 weeks. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test and the Man-Whitney test. The results of this study indicate that the statistical test results obtained a value (p = 0.001, p <0.05), which means that there is an effect of anchovy biscuits on increasing hemoglobin levels for young women at SMK 01 Rangas. Mamuju District. The results of data analysis and evaluation results on the anchovy biscuit intervention, namely there is a difference in the increase in hemoglobin levels after giving the anchovy biscuit intervention to young women at SMK 01 Rangas, Mamuju Regency.   Keywords: Anchovy Biscuits, Hemoglobin, Young Women ABSTRAK   Anemia merupakan masalah kesehatan utama di seluruh dunia maupun di Indonesia. Remaja Putri lebih rentan terkena anemia karena masa pertumbuhan yang cepat sehingga membutuhkan zat gizi yang lebih tinggi termasuk zat besi dan protein. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana Efek pemberian biscuit ikan Teri (Stolephorus sp) terhadap peningkatan kadar Hemoglobin pada Remaja Putri di SMK 01 Rangas Kabupaten Mamuju. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain Penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Quasi Experiment dengan rancangan Nonequaivalent Control Group design dimana terdapat 2 kelompok uji yakni kelompok kontrol dan kelompok intervensi. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh Remaja Putri kelas XI SMK 01 Rangas Kabupaten Mamuju. Penelitian ini di lakukan pada bulan Januari – April 2020. Tekhnik pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan purposive sampling dengan memperhatikan beberapa kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi sehingga diperoleh sampel sebanyak 60 orang. Sampel dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yakni 30 kelompok intervensi dan 30 kelompok kontrol. Kelompok intervensi diberikan biskuit Ikan Teri sedangkan kelompok kontrol di berikan placebo biskuit. Pengukuran kadar Hemoglobin dilakukan 2 kali yakni sebelum dan setelah intervensi.  Intervensi dilakukan selama 12 minggu.  Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon dan Uji Man-Whitney Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari hasil uji statistic  didapatkan nilai (p=0.001, p<0.05) yang berarti ada pengaruh pemberian Biskuit Ikan Teri terhadap peningkatan kadar Hemoglobin Remaja Putri di SMK 01 Rangas Kabupaten Mamuju.Hasil analisis data dan hasil evaluasi pada  intervensi Biskuit Ikan Teri, yaitu ada perbedaan peningkatan kadar Hemoglobin setelah di berikan  intervensi  Biskuit Ikan Teri pada Remaja Putri di SMK 01 Rangas Kabupaten Mamuju.   Kata Kunci: Biskuit Ikan Teri,Hemoglobin, Remaja Putri

scholarly journals Peningkatan Keterampilan Mengelola Emosi Marah Melalui Strategi Emotional Literacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1032
Author(s):  
Fitrianingsih Fitrianingsih ◽  
Blasius Boli Lasan ◽  
Henny Indreswari
Keyword(s):  
Sample Selection ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Emotional Literacy ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Literacy Strategies ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Group Guidance

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of emotinal literacy strategies through group guidance to improve the skills to manage angry emotions in students of SMPN 5 Kendari. The approach used is quantitative with a quasi-experimental design that is pretest-posttest with control group design. The sample selection in this research is purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test to find out the increased skills in managing angry emotions before and after the intervention was given and the Mann Whitney U Test was used to test whether there were differences between the two intervention groups. Based on the results of the analysis showed that emotional literacy strategies through effective group guidance to improve anger emotion management skills in students of SMPN 5 Kendari. </p><strong>Abstrak:</strong><em> </em>Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui keefektifan strategi <em>emotional literacy </em>melalui bimbingan kelompok untuk meningkatkan keterampilan mengelola emosi dengan desain kuasi eksperimen yaitu <em>pretest-posttest with control group design</em>. Pemilihan sampel dalam penelitian yaitu teknik <em>purposive sampling</em>. Analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon<em> </em>untuk mengetahui peningkatan keterampilan mengelola emosi marah sebelum dan setelah diberikan intervensi dan uji Mann Whitney U Test<em> </em>untuk menguji apakah ada perbedaan antara kedua kelompok intervensi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa strategi <em>emotional literacy </em>melalui bimbingan kelompok efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan mengelola emosi marah pada siswa SMPN 5 Kendari.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of In-Network Methods (Whatsapp Group) to the Attitudes of Covid 19 Prevention of D3 Midwifery Students STIKes Patria Husada Blitar

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-414
Author(s):  
Ita Noviasari ◽  
Levi Tina Sari
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Covid-19 is a new type of virus that easily spreads to humans and causes serious infections such as pneumonia. In Indonesia, the PSBB (Large-Scale Social Restriction) was implemented as an effort to suppress the spread of the corona virus. All activities outside the home are stopped or reduced until the pandemic has subsided. Some regions have implemented government policies to dismiss their students and begin the application of learning methods using an online or online system. Methods: The design of this study used a quasy experiment with a pre-post group design approach without control group design. A sample of 19 respondents was given material about the definition of covid-19, prevention of covid-19. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The data collection method used a questionnaire in the form of google form given to respondents before treatment and after treatment. Data analysis was divided into 2, namely univariate and bivariate. Univariate in the form of frequency distribution to measure the characteristics of respondents, namely age, parent's occupation, and bivariate using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test statistical test aimed at distinguishing attitudes before and after treatment. Results: The Wilcoxon test proved that there was a difference between before and after treatment, namely α (0.05) ˃ 0.001. Discussion: Communication with social media via the internet (whatsapps) affected the attitudes of respondents in preventing covid-19 transmission and increase information and understanding for respondents.

scholarly journals Implementation of Somatic, Auditory, Visual and Intellectual (SAVI) Approaches to Improve Student's Mathematics Communication Skills in SMK Negeri 1 Nisam

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ichsan Abda ◽  
Muliana Muliana ◽  
Mutia Fonna
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Mathematical Communication ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of writing this paper is to study the enhancement of mathematical communication skills of students who have gained the implementation of Somatic, Auditory, Visual, and Intellectual (SAVI) approaches better than those who have learned scientific approaches. The approach used is a quantitative approach with the type of quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group design. The population in this study are all grade X students of SMK Negeri 1 Nisam with a sample of TBSM II class students as an experimental class and TKJ I as a control class taken to use the purposive sampling technique. The data collection techniques used in this research are mathematical communication skills tests of students and observation sheets. Data analysis was done using test-t, that because the data of the n-gain score obtained with normal distribution, but has a variance that is not homogeneous. The significant result of the statistics equal variances not assumed is 0.00 smaller than 0.05 H0 is rejected. The result showed that the enhancement of mathematical communication skills of students who gained the implementation of somatic, auditory, visual, and intellectual (SAVI) were better than students who gained scientific learning approaches.

Pengaruh Edukasi Berbasis Keluarga terhadap Intensi Ibu Hamil untuk Optimalisasi Nutrisi pada 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosani Naim ◽  
Neti Juniarti ◽  
Ahmad Yamin
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Pregnant Mothers

Periode emas tumbuh kembang seorang anak dimulai sejak anak dalam kandungan hingga berusia dua tahun. Wanita hamil dan anak-anak usia dibawah 5 tahun berada pada risiko tertinggi micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs), masalah pertumbuhan, penurunan intelektual, komplikasi perinatal dan meningkatnya risiko morbiditas dan mortalitas. Oleh karena itu ibu hamil memerlukan program edukasi tentang nutrisi yang tepat untuk kesehatan ibu dan janin. Edukasi berbasis keluarga sesuai program keluarga sehat dapat meningkatkan intensi untuk mengubah perilaku kesehatan. Menurut Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), bahwa intensi untuk mengubah perilaku dipengaruhi oleh sikap, norma subjektif dan persepsi kontrol perilaku. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi pengaruh edukasi berbasis keluarga terhadap intensi ibu hamil untuk optimalisasi nutrisi pada 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Neglasari, Kota Bandung. Desain penelitian menggunakan quasi eksperiment, pre-test and posttest with control group design. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik total sampling seluruh ibu hamil yang terdata di Puskesmas sampai bulan November 2016 berjumlah 44 orang yang kemudian dibagi dalam kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol. Kegiatan edukasi dilaksanakan melalui tiga kali pertemuan kunjungan rumah. Analisis data menggunakan Wilcoxon test dan Mann whitney test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara edukasi berbasis keluarga terhadap intensi ibu hamil untuk optimalisasi nutrisi pada 1000 hari pertama kehidupan (p = 0.00). Program edukasi berbasis keluarga adalah efektif meningkatkan intensi ibu hamil. Dengan demikian, disarankan penerapan edukasi berbasis keluarga dalam intervensi keperawatan untuk meningkatkan kesehatan ibu dan bayi yang dikandungnya.Kata kunci: Edukasi berbasis keluarga, intensi, ibu hamil, nutrisi, 1000 hari pertama kehidupan. Effect Of Family-Based Education Towards Pregnant Mothers’ Intention to Optimize The Nutrition at 1000 First Day Of LifeAbstractChildren “Golden Period” starts since in the womb until two years after birth. Pregnant mothers and children under five (5) years old are at risk to suffer from micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs), growth problems, intellectual impairment, perinatal complications and increase of morbidity and mortality risks. Therefore pregnant mothers need an education program about proper nutrition for mothers’ and the fetus’ health.Family based education can improve intention to change health behavior. According to Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB, behaviour is influenced by attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. Intention in order to change the behavior. The study aimed to identified the effect of family-based education towards pregnant mothers’ intention to optimize the nutrition at 1000 First Day of Life in the working area of Puskesmas Neglasari, BandungResearch design was quasi experiment, pre-test and post-test with control group design. A total of 44 pregnant mothers’ were recruited and divided into intervention and control group. Intervention were conducted three times through home visits. The data were analyzed using Wilcoxon test and Mann Whitney testThe findings showed that there was a significant effect between the family-based education towards pregnant mothers’ intention to optimize the nutrition of 1000 first days of life (p = 0.00). Thus, it is recommended to apply family based education in nursing intervention to improve of mothers and fetus health.Keywords : Family based education, intention, pregnant mothers’, nutrition, 1000 first days of life.

Effectiveness Of Toilet Training Education On Mother's Behavior And Toddler Age Toilet Training Ability (18-36 Months)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Hafiko Andresni ◽  
Zahtamal Zahtamal ◽  
Winda Septiani ◽  
Mitra Mitra ◽  
Lita Lita
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toilet Training ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Toilet training is an effort to train children to be able to control and urinate (BAK) and defecate (BAB). Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children at toddler age. Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children in toddler age which is very important to be done to create independence in children in controlling BAK and BAB and children know the parts of the body and their functions. Data in 2012 shows that ± 60% of parents do not teach toilet training to children from an early age. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of toilet training education on maternal behavior and toilet skills in toddler age training (18-36 months). The study was conducted in July-August 2018. This type of quantitative research used the design of the Quasy pretest and posttest experiment with non-equivalent control group design. Samples were 36 mothers and 36 children with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used Paired t test, Wilcoxon test, Man-Whitney test an Independent t test. The results showed that toilet training education through lecture methods, modules and maze games was more effective than toilet training education through lecture and leaflet methods on children's knowledge and abilities. Conversely, for the role of mothers in supervision there is no significant difference in effectiveness. Health education is recommended in health promotion programs to increase maternal knowledge, the role of mothers and the ability of toilet training children independently. Keywords: Toilet training, Lecture method, Module, Maze game, Leaflet, Knowledge, Role of mother, Children's ability.

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