scholarly journals Teeth wear of piglets in lactation phase: performance and injuries aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tasca ◽  
B. P. Santarosa ◽  
H. B. Hooper ◽  
S. R. S. Surian
Keyword(s):  
Lactation Phase

scholarly journals Global transcriptional differences in myokine and inflammatory genes in muscle of mature steer progeny are related to maternal lactation diet and muscle composition

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 884-892
Author(s):  
T. M. Casey ◽  
J. F. Walker ◽  
K. Bhide ◽  
J. Thimmapuram ◽  
J. P. Schoonmaker
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Muscle Composition ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Maintenance Factors ◽  
Transcriptomic Signature ◽  
Lactation Phase ◽  
Differentiation Pathways ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Selection Of

Steer progeny suckled by cows fed a dried distillers grains and solubles (DDGS) diet the first 3 mo of lactation were heavier during feedlot finishing and had significantly lower marbling and larger longissimus muscles than steers suckled by cows fed a control diet (CON). These differences were profound in that progeny were managed and fed identically from weaning until finishing, and findings suggest that the suckling period established the developmental program of muscle composition. Here transcriptomes of longissimus muscle were measured by next-generation sequencing to investigate whether there were any developmental clues to the differences in marbling scores and muscle content between steers suckled by DDGS ( n = 5) vs. control (CON; n = 5) diet-fed cows during lactation. There were 809 genes differentially expressed ( P-adj<0.1) between CON and DDGS muscle. Of these 636 were upregulated and 173 downregulated in DDGS relative to CON. Overall the DDGS vs. CON muscle transcriptomic signature was promyogenic and antiadipogenic. In particular, myokines/satellite cell maintenance factors were found among upregulated (LIF, CNTF, FGFB1, EPHB1) genes. The antiadipogenic signature was typified by the upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines and receptors (IL1RAP, IL1RL2, IL13RA2, IL1F10), and downregulation of expression of inflammation/inflammatory cytokines and receptor (TNF, IL6R, CXCL9), which suggests a selection of differentiation pathways away from adipogenic line. The upregulation of TGFB, SPP1, and INHBA supports selection of fibroblast lineage of cells. Thus, the lactation phase of production can effect meat quality by affecting transcriptional signatures that favor myogenesis and depress inflammation.

scholarly journals Relation between swine weight and morphometric measurements

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e891998013
Author(s):  
Mônica Calixto Ribeiro de Holanda ◽  
Marco Aurélio Carneiro de Holanda ◽  
Leandro Ricardo Rodrigues de Lucena
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Large White ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Lactation Phase ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Objective was to define a mathematical model that better explain the relationship of the animals weight depending not only on the animals age but also on the animals morphometric measurements. 40 piglets, half Duroc-Large White blood, were used, 20 males and 20 females, from 3 to 35 days of age (lactation phase) initially weighing 1.518 ± 0.121 kg and from 36 to 66 days of age (calving phase) with a body weight of 7.010 ± 0.704 kg. The animals were weighed weekly on a digital balance. The relationship of animal weight, age and morphometric measurements of male and female piglets were performed using regression models: existing, linear and power. The models were evaluated according to nine criterialinear model was the most adequate to explain the weight of male pigs, while for female pigs was the power. The age of the pig, the shank and palette length, as well as the circumference of the shank jointly explain the weight of the male piglets. The weight of females is explained jointly by age, body length, thorax and hip circumference.

scholarly journals Effect of Udder Health Status and Lactation Phase on the Characteristics of Sardinian Ewe Milk

2004 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
pp. 2401-2408 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bianchi ◽  
A. Bolla ◽  
E. Budelli ◽  
A. Caroli ◽  
C. Casoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Lactation Phase

scholarly journals Occurrence and probiotic properties of Lactobacillus spp. of maternal breast milk in the Uyghur, Xinjiang China, at different lactation stages

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Li ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Fengwei Tian ◽  
Yongqing Ni
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Uyghur Population ◽  
Lactation Phase ◽  
Antibacterial Spectrum

Abstract BackgroundAs a secure vehicle of probiotics, breast milk can provide babies with the Lactobacillus which can not only colonize and inhibit the pathogenic bacterial infection in infant's intestines. The purpose of this study was to assess the occurrence and probiotic properties of Lactobacillus spp. of maternal breast milk in the Uyghur population, Xinjiang China, by using culture method. Results Based on repetitive genomic fingerprinting PCR (rep-PCR), a total of 198 isolates of L actobacill us from 31 different lactation of breast milk samples of Uighur in kashi region of Xinjiang were classified into 11 genotypes, which were identified as Lactobacillus fermentum (82 isolates, prevalence: 61.3%, mean relative abundance: 45.4%, genotype: 3), Lactobacillus brevis (75, 41.9%, 38.1%, 4), Lactobacillus oris (37, 32.3%, 15.1%, 3) and rare Lactobacillus vaginalis (4, 9.7%, 1.4%, 1). From colostrum to mature milk, the number and species of Lactobacillus showed an uptrend, from mature milk to late milk, a downside was found in Lactobacillus. The relative abundance of L. fermentum decreased throughout lactation, while L . brevis showed an opposite trend. Three isolates were randomly selected for each genotype to estimate antimicrobial activity (33 isolates in total). Among the isolates, 20 isolates exhibited broad antibacterial spectrum with inhibition halos >10 mm against most indicator pathogens, which were selected for assessing probiotic properties. Nineteen isolates showed the resistance to vancomycin and co-trimoxazole, and KM66 ( L . brevis ) was resistant up to 5/8 antibiotics. KM147 ( L. brevis ) and Y3 ( L. fermentum ) strains were selected as potential probiotics by combining lysozyme, acid and bile salt tolerance. Conclusion Species composition and prevalence of Lactobacillus varied with the study subjects throughout lactation phase. The deliberately selected Lactobacillus strains from breast milk may have a great potential as probiotics to inhibit pathogen infection in infants.

scholarly journals Impact of supplementation with different protein sources on the parasitological profile of ovine matrices and development of lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel ◽  
Gelson Dos Santos Difante ◽  
João Virgínio Emerenciano Neto ◽  
Francisca Fernanda Da Silva Roberto ◽  
Lilian Gioto Zaros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Test Evaluation ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Parasitic Load ◽  
Biometric Measurements ◽  
Lactation Phase ◽  
The Impact

The aim was to evaluate the impact of supplementation with different protein sources from agro-industrial production on the parasitological profile of ovine matrices and the development of their offspring. The protein sources used were: soybean bran, cotton pie, babassu pie, and coconut pie. A total of 60 ovine matrices were used, with confirmed pregnancy and supplemented in the final third of gestation at 0.5% of live weight in pastures of deferred Marandu grass. The evaluations occurred from the final third of gestation and in the lactation phase until weaning. The data collected in the matrices were: counting of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) and identification of infective larvae (Faecal test), evaluation of the degree of anemia by the FAMACHA©  method, body weight (kg), and body condition score (BCS). In the lambs, the biometric measurements were taken from the 30 days of life until weaning. In Faecal test, the prevalence was 98% of Haemonchus spp. There was no effect of the protein sources for EPG (3476.0) and FAMACHA©. However, in the mats supplemented with coconut pie were observed the lowest body weights (36.9 kg) and lower BCS (2.7). Babassu, coconut and cotton cakes, and soybean meal used as a protein source in the supplementation of ovine matrices kept in deferred pastures of Marandu grass at the 0.5% level of live weight maintain the production indexes consistent with the physiology stage of the matrices even with a high endo-parasitic load.

scholarly journals Parturition and Its Relationship with Stillbirths and Asphyxiated Piglets

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Langendijk ◽  
Kate Plush
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Uterine Contractions ◽  
A Priority ◽  
Lactation Phase

The transition from an intra- to extrauterine existence is extremely challenging for the pig. This is evidenced by the fact that conservative estimates place intrapartum piglet death at between 5% and 10%. The main cause of this loss is the parturition process itself, with a long farrowing duration resulting in reduced oxygenation to the piglet via uterine contractions stretching, and in some cases, causing rupture of the umbilical cord. Sows that experience a long expulsive stage of parturition are likely compromised before the birth of the first piglet, and so any strategy to reduce stillbirth should be applied before this. Even in piglets born alive, 15% to 20% will have suffered asphyxiation because of a long cumulative farrowing duration. These individuals are significantly disadvantaged with regards to behavioural progression, colostrum intake, growth and survival extending past the lactation phase, and so require more labour and resources than littermates in order to make them viable. Given these immediate and longer-term impacts, identifying ways to correctly manage the sow before parturition leading to a reduction in farrowing duration should be a priority in order to maximise piglet performance.

scholarly journals The economic viability of L-arginine supplementation in diets for sows in the lactation phase

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Virginia RIBEIRO ◽  
Leonardo da Silva FONSECA ◽  
Rennan Herculano Rufino MOREIRA ◽  
Caio Peixoto CHAIN ◽  
Márvio Lobão Teixeira ABREU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Descriptive Case Study ◽  
Lactation Phase ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Arginine Supplementation

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic viability of L-arginine supplementation in diets for sows during the lactation phase. A descriptive case study was carried out to identify the economic viability of the supplementation of L-arginine in the lactation ration, in relation to the control diet, on the productive performance of hyper prolific sows and their litters. The study was carried out on a commercial farm located in the state of Minas Gerais. It analyzed feasibility criteria such as the marginal physical product (MPPg) and gross margin (GM) in the scenario of technical and economic efficiency, which were compared to the GM in the control group. Technical efficiency was established at 0.71% of L-arginine in daily feed intake according to previous fieldwork by the authors, while economic efficiency obtained in this study was 0.43% supplementation. The relationship between the L-arginine price and the sale price of the piglets directly determined the economic viability, compared to the control group. Thus, initially considering the price of a piglet as R$ 9.76/kg, the cost of L-arginine should not exceed 6.61 times this value; that is, it is estimated at up to R$ 64.50. Therefore, at the final price of L-arginine of R$ 54.88, a piglet should be sold at a price of R$ 8.30/kg to make the supplementation of L-arginine in the diet of lactation-phase swine economically possible.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a probiotic based on lactic acid bacteria when changing diets in dairy cows

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Leonid I. Podobed
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Economic Experience ◽  
Lactation Phase

Relevance. Single-type feeding of dairy cows has a significant advantage over traditional split ration feeding due to the minimal frequency of changes in the composition of the ration and the higher stability of feeding. However, in the process of such a feeding method, it is still necessary to change the diet composition during the seasonal transition from the last year feed to the current year feed. This change leads to significant feed stress for animals, which negatively affects the intensity and nature of cicatricial digestion, and, consequently , productivity. At the same time, at least 100-150 kg of the annual milk yield of a cow is lost. For this reason, the development of a method for eliminating the inevitable cows' stress during the change of feeding seems relevant.Methodology. Scientific and economic experience on dairy cows of the first lactation phase was carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. The biochemical composition of the blood was studied, observations of the ruminatory processes were carried out, the data were processed by modern methods of variation statistics using the EXCEL program.Results. As a result, it was found that during the transition from one diet composition to another, it is advisable to introduce a probiotic based on lactic acid bacteria into dairy cows diet. The use of a probiotic can be considered as a preventive measure for digestive disorders caused by changes in the composition of the diet. The use of a probiotic helps to stabilize the ruminal processes in cows, which is reflected in an increase in the frequency of cicatricial contractions. Probiotic effect on the intestinal microbial community, increases the immune status of the body by increasing the level of protein, gamma-globulin fractions in its composition, as well as increasing the reserve alkalinity index.

Kikuyu and annual pasture: a characterisation of a productive and sustainable beef production system on the South Coast of Western Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 769 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. McDowall ◽  
D. J. M. Hall ◽  
D. A. Johnson ◽  
J. Bowyer ◽  
P. Spicer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Production System ◽  
The South ◽  
Deep Drainage ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Pasture Quality ◽  
Lactation Phase

Production parameters and water use of kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) and annual-based pastures were monitored for a beef weaner production system from 1998 to 2000 in a paddock-scale demonstration on the south-east coast of Western Australia. A paired paddock (40–105 ha) comparison was carried out between a kikuyu-based pasture (DSKikuyu) and temperate annual pasture (DSAnnual), with comparative measurements covering pasture production, composition and quality, and soil water deficits and drainage. The stocking rates for the paddocks were determined by the pasture productivity and cow P8 fat depth in the 'lactation phase' (April–December), and by sward management and soil stability imperatives in the 'dry cow phase' (January–March). Cow liveweight and P8 fat depth and calf liveweight were compared during the 'lactation phase'. Kikuyu and annual pasture had similar carrying capacities through the 'lactation phase'. Kikuyu pasture carried more animals than annual pasture through the 'dry cow phase' (late summer and autumn) in all years. During late autumn, cattle were destocked from the annual pasture to reduce the risk of wind erosion and 'crash grazed' on the kikuyu pasture so as to reduce competition between kikuyu and regenerating annual grass and legume species. The comparative quality and productivity of the kikuyu pasture in the lactation phase (winter and spring) was positively correlated with the level of winter legume present. When a similar level of winter legume was measured in the kikuyu pasture relative to the annual pasture (in 1998), the pasture quality, cow liveweight and condition and calf weaning weights were all comparable between the 2 pasture types. When a low legume component was recorded in the kikuyu pasture, the pasture quality and cow liveweight and condition were poorer than the annual pasture. The kikuyu pasture growing on deep sandy soil developed a larger (mean 37 mm) soil water deficit than the annual pasture over the measurement period, and in particular from November to March. When integrated over a farm where kikuyu covers 40% of the total area, as was the case in this experiment, the resulting deep drainage was calculated to be just over half that of an equivalent whole farm of annual pasture. Over the 3 years of monitoring, the combined system of annual and kikuyu pasture was calculated to have an annual gross margin 19% higher than the annual pasture alone. The major source of difference was no requirement for supplementary feed in the kikuyu–annual pasture system. This difference was limited however, by lighter post-weaning sale weights of cull cows from the kikuyu pasture in 'poor legume' years. There was no difference of calf weaning weights between treatments.There is considerable opportunity to improve on this gross margin, through achieving a consistent strong presence of legume in the kikuyu pasture through winter and spring.

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