scholarly journals Politeness variation in the expression of requests in Castillian Spanish and European Portuguese

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-73
Author(s):  
María C. Sampedro Mella
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Relative Power ◽  
European Portuguese ◽  
The Social ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
Conversational Partner ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Castilian Spanish

In this article we present the results of a contrastive analysis about the politeness strategies used in the expression of petitions in Castilian Spanish and European Portuguese. By using the DCT methodology, we have designed a questionnaire with petitions of different cost-benefit for the conversational partner and with variations relative to power and the social distance that exists between the participants. Once the data was gathered, we did a triple study about the differences in the expression of petitions: 1) between Spanish and Portuguese, 2) from the rank of imposition of the object and the petition, and 3) according to the social distance and the relative power of the participants. The results show that, although using different linguistic and politeness strategies, the expression of petitions is similar between Spanish and Portuguese speakers, although the latter take the social distance and the relative power of the hearer more into account than the Spanish speakers at the moment of choosing politeness forms.

scholarly journals Request Strategies in the American TV Series Full House

Lexicon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yemima Febriani ◽  
Sharifah Hanidar
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Power ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
Request Strategies

This research aims to analyze the request strategies used in an American TV Series entitled Full House season 7 episodes 1-12. The main characters are family members from three different age groups (adult, teenager, and children). This research attempts to see if there is any difference on the choice of request strategies used by the three age groups. Blum-Kulka and Olshtain’s (1984) theory on request directness level is used to classify the requests. Relative power and social distance are also studied to see how they influence the characters in making their requests. The results show that mood derivable is the most frequent strategy used by all age groups. Specifically, direct request is highly used by the adult age groups. On the other hand, indirect request is mostly used by the younger age groups. The results also show that all age groups tend to use direct strategy when the social distance is negative. However, when the social distance is positive, the choice of strategy depends on the authority of the speaker.

scholarly journals Kesantunan dalam Ritual Pernikahan Masyarakat Hindu-Bali; Kajian Etnopsikolingustik Religius

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Kadek Devi Kalfika Anggria Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
The People ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
The Social ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
Hindu Community ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Traditional Marriage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Speech Situation

The study which is descriptive qualitative in nature, aims to investigate preference of politeness strategies by Balinese Hindu-community in traditional marriage ritual. Data was collected using interview and observation methods. Based on the results of data analysis, this research shows that the form of politeness that arises can be seen in terms of place, time, to the leaders of the people, during preparation, implementation, disclosure of the relationship with the Almighty, and after the completion of the ritual. The different forms of politeness that emerge can be seen from the use of Balinese in various levels which are adjusted to the social distance and speech situation. Besides being seen from the use of language, linguistic politeness is also evident from the attitude, intonation, and tone of the speaker. The difference in the form of politeness is intentionally raised to cause certain psychological impacts on the interlocutor.

scholarly journals The Consequences of Gender in Homogamic Couples

Sociology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Social Divisions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Static Approach ◽  
Work Family ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Interpretative Approach

In studies which analyse the social distance between spouses at the moment a couple is formed, and which attempt to understand the role of the family, and in particular of marriage, in crystallising social divisions, the concept of homogamy has often been purely descriptive. This article questions this static approach and seeks to pinpoint the changes which social homogamy undergoes in the course of conjugal life, addressing women’s decisions on work–family articulation. Drawing on a critical approach to the concept of rational choice, the article intends to demonstrate the merit of an interpretative approach by analysing how members of a sample of 27 university-educated Portuguese partnered mothers take their decisions in the context of an interdependency framework in which the dynamics of family interaction tend to thwart individual career path development, rendering spouses dependent on each other.

scholarly journals POSITIVE POLITENESS STRATEGIES USED BY DAVID MUIR AND DONALD TRUMP ON “ABC NEWS” AND IN “CHARLIE ROSE SHOW”

ETNOLINGUAL ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Kharis Marpudianto
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Relative Power ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Abstract This research examines Donald Trump and David Muir’s Utterances on ABC News and in Charlie Rose Show. The researcher also focuses positive politeness used by David Muir and Donald Trump. The researcher mainly utilized Pragmatics theory by Brown and Levinson which consists of four strategies, there are positive politeness, negative politeness, bald on record, and off record but, the researcher only focuses in positive politeness. As the methodology, the researcher used descriptive-qualitative approach to concern the description and the interpretation of Donald Trump videos. Under descriptive-qualitative method, this research significantly gives a wider understanding about how linguistic subjects emerges through pragmatics structure. The researcher gathered the data by downloading the interviews of Donald Trump on ABC News and in Charlie Rose Show, also the factors that influenced positive politeness used by David Muir and Donald Trump. As the result, there are 28 data were collected in this research and contained 10 types of positive politeness strategies based on Brown and Levinson’s theory. Moreover, there are two factors that influenced David Muir and Donald Trump. Those are social distance and relative power. Keywords: Pragmatics, Politeness Strategy, Positive Politeness, Donald trump, David Muir.Abstrakpenelitian ini meneliti ucapan Donald Trump dan David Muir di ABC News dan Charlie Rose Show. Peneliti juga memfokuskan pada strategi kesantunan positif yang digunakan oleh David Muir dan Donald Trump. Peneliti menggunakan teori pragmatik dari Brown and Levinson yang terdiri dari empat strategi yaitu, kesantunan positif, kesantunan negatif, ujaran secara langsung, ujaran secara tidak langsung. Tetapi, peneliti hanya lebih fokus di strategi kesantunan positif. Peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif yang berhubungan dengan deskripsi dan interpretasi dari video Donald Trump. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif bisa memberikan pengertian lebih luas tentang pelajaran linguistik dengan melalui teori pragmatik. Peneliti memperolah data dengan mengunduh video wawancara Donald Trump di ABC News dan Charlie Rose Show dan ada dua faktor yang mempengaruhi David Muir dan Donald Trump. Sebagai hasil dari penelitian ini, peneliti menemukan 28 data yang terdapat di penelitian ini dan ada 10 macam srategi kesantunan positif. Selain itu ada 2 sebab yang mempengaruhi David Muir dan Donald Trump untuk melakukan strategi kesopanan positif yaitu jarak sosial dan kekuasaan tidak mutlak. Kata kunci: Pragmatik, Strategi Kesantunan, Kesantunan Positif, Donald Trump, David Muir.

scholarly journals POLITENESS STRATEGIES, LINGUISTIC MARKERS AND SOCIAL CONTEXTS IN DELIVERING REQUESTS IN JAVANESE

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 659
Author(s):  
Sukarno Sukarno
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
Linguistic Markers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Politeness Strategies

Delivering request is not only influenced by linguistic factors, but also by socio-cultural factors. Some studies have reported the interaction between linguistic and socio-cultural factors in delivering requests in many different languages. However, this issue is rarely explored in Javanese (language). The aim of this study is to investigate the politeness strategies, the linguistic markers, and the social contexts commonly used to deliver requests in Javanese. The data were collected and sorted from the conversations among the Javanese people in Jember, East Java, Indonesia, when making speech acts to deliver requests. Having been sorted, the data were analysed using deconstructive method to reveal the linguistic markers commonly used by the Javanese speakers to deliver requests and the social-cultural backgrounds which influence the choice of the politeness strategies. This research shows that (1) there are four types (most direct, direct, less direct, and indirect) of politeness strategies in Javanese, (2) there are four linguistic devices (sentence moods, speech levels, passive voice, and supposition/condition) as the markers of the politeness strategies and (3) the choices of the levels are strongly influenced by the social contexts (social distance, age, social status or power, and the size of imposition) among the tenors. The appropriate strategies of delivering requests in Javanese will make the communication among the interlocutors run harmoniously. 

scholarly journals Audience Demand in Father-Son Argumentation across Generations

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-40
Author(s):  
Lina Laith Younus
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
Fathers And Sons ◽  
Valuable Role

     Language has a valuable role in shaping the type of relationships between arguers. The use of language is like double-edged sword in the hand of fathers to shape their type of relationship with their sons. Father-son argumentation could be the real source of increasing a social distance and building barriers between them. The current paper aims at answering the questions whether the social distance between fathers and sons have changed between the past and present? And have old fathers been changed to share their sons’ common ground and wants?      The great difference between the old and present fathers is examined in the two novels characterized by a father-son relationship theme namely; “East of Eden” 1952 by John Stainbeck and “The Road” 2006 by Corman McCarthy. The researcher aims at shedding light on the type of relationship between old and present fathers with their sons reflected on their argumentation, how they care about each other face and how much they achieve the audience demand in their argumentation by applying Penelope Brown and Stephen C. Levinson (1978) theory of politeness.     It is founded that present fathers have more positive choices in their argumentative politeness strategies whereas old fathers go bald on record by their use of continuous orders, criticism and sometimes insult. Finally, it is concluded that the more audience demand is fulfilled, the less father-son social distance will take place.

scholarly journals Sarcastic Expressions and the Influence of Social Distance and Relative Power in The TV Series Friends

Lexicon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaula Noorhayu Shelldyriani ◽  
Aris Munandar
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Relative Power ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
The Social

This research aims to identify and classify the sarcastic expressions found in the TV Series Friends. It applies the theory proposed by Camp (2011) which categorized sarcasm into four classes: Propositional, Lexical, Like-Prefixed, and Illocutionary Sarcasm. Considering sarcasm as a Face Threatening Act (FTA), it also analyzes the influence of relative power and social distance to see how these two social variables influence the delivery of sarcastic expressions. The findings show that Illocutionary Sarcasm is the most frequently used class of sarcasm with 30 utterances (45%) followed by Propositional Sarcasm which consists of 25 utterances (37%), Lexical Sarcasm with 10 utterances (15%) and lastly Like-Prefixed Sarcasm that have 2 utterances (3%). With Illocutionary and Propositional Sarcasm are known to be the most straightforward class of sarcasm, the results also show that these two classes of sarcasm are mainly used when the social distance (D) is negative where the interlocutors does not have the obligation to be polite due to their close intimacy. In cases where the social distance has positive value, the value of power (P) helps to determine which class of sarcasm is used. Furthermore, a clear context and common ground is essential to help identify sarcastic expressions and the intention underlying it.

The pragmatics of captatio benevolentiae in the Cely letters

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Sanchez Roura
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Relative Power ◽  
Rhetorical Strategy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Ars Dictaminis ◽  
Intended Use

This paper treats the rhetorical strategy of securing the addressee’s goodwill, also known as captatio benevolentiae. Following the postulation in Brown and Levinson (1987), I examine its possible pragmatic properties and effect, and its politeness value in the face wants of the addressees, taking into consideration the social distance and relative power of the correspondents. Captatio benevolentiae passages have been selected from the Cely Letters on the basis of their rhetorical properties, their intended use and also their position in the letter; captatio benevolentiae occurs not only at the beginning of the letter, as was traditionally dictated in the original ars dictaminis manuals, but also throughout the body of the text.

scholarly journals Strategi Kesantunan Permintaan Bahasa Jepang dalam Drama “Engine”

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-165
Author(s):  
Satyanto Satyanto
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Social Rules ◽  
Primary Data Source ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Request Strategies ◽  
Usage Preference

This paper examines the variations of request strategies based on the theory suggested by Ide Sachiko on Japanese politeness strategies. The purpose of this study is figure out the variations of politeness strategy in Japanese request. The primary data source of this research a Japanese drama entitled “Engine”. The data were analyzed based on the Wakimae (Discernment) and Ishiryoku (Volition) concept. Japanese social rules encourage people to take into account the social distance, psychological distance, and formality in every interaction. The distance affects the selection and use of diverse futsuugo and keigo in both request topic sentence and supporting reasons and yobikake usage preference. The results of the study show that the use of yobikake, requests, and reasons were adjusted based on the social distance of the people in the conversation. Keywords : Request Strategies; Politeness; Wakimae; Volition; Social Distance.

Seeing Similarity or Distance?

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Wilton ◽  
Diana T. Sanchez ◽  
Lisa Giamo
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intergroup Perception ◽  
Intergroup Perceptions ◽  
Racially Ambiguous ◽  
Ambiguous Faces

Biracial individuals threaten the distinctiveness of racial groups because they have mixed-race ancestry, but recent findings suggest that exposure to biracial-labeled, racially ambiguous faces may positively influence intergroup perception by reducing essentialist thinking among Whites ( Young, Sanchez, & Wilton, 2013 ). However, biracial exposure may not lead to positive intergroup perceptions for Whites who are highly racially identified and thus motivated to preserve the social distance between racial groups. We exposed Whites to racially ambiguous Asian/White biracial faces and measured the perceived similarity between Asians and Whites. We found that exposure to racially ambiguous, biracial-labeled targets may improve perceptions of intergroup similarity, but only for Whites who are less racially identified. Results are discussed in terms of motivated intergroup perception.

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