scholarly journals Orwell's Animal Farm: Ideological State Apparatuses and the Crisis of the Modern State

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 815-822
Author(s):  
Munir Ahmed Al-Aghberi
Keyword(s):  
Business Groups ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Modern State ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
The Media ◽  
Animal Farm ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Way

The present paper explores the crisis of the modern democratic state based on Althusser’s concept of the Ideological State Apparatuses and Chomsky’s investigation into the suspicious role of the media. Orwell’s novel Animal Farm was examined by way of casting the light on the junctures of intersection between history and culture. Re-reading the novel through the perspective of Althusser's ISA and Chomsky’s experienced lens help understand the way of the modern world where the various media means drive the masses into the end determined by the ruling business groups.

scholarly journals infância, cultura visual e educação

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (36) ◽  
pp. 01-20
Author(s):  
Adriana Hoffmann Fernandes ◽  
Helenice Mirabelli Cassino
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Visual Culture ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Multiple Images ◽  
The World ◽  
Visual Framing ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

This article combines thoughts about childhood, visual culture and education. It is known that we live among multiple images that shape the way we see our reality, and researchers in the visual culture field investigate how this role is played out in our culture. The goal is to make some applications those ideas, to think about the relationship between the images and education. This article tries to grasp what visual culture is and in what ways presumptions about childhood generate and are generated by this association. It also discusses the genesis of these presumptions and the images they generate through a philosophical approach, questioning the role of education in a culture tied to the media, and about how children, who are familiar with multiple screens, presage a new visual literacy. We see how images play a fundamental role in the way children give meaning to the world around them and to themselves, in the context of their local culture. Given this context, it is necessary to consider how visual culture is tied to the elementary school, and what challenges confront the generation of wider and more creative ways to approach visual framing in children’s education.

Communication in Sports and "NearSports": Milestones on the way to Mediatization

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
L. Byhovskaya ◽  
I. Lyulevich ◽  
D. Dzigua ◽  
E. Yudina ◽  
A. Borodkin
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Special Place ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Way

The article is devoted to the development of such direction of modern communication science as the analysis of both intra-sports interactions and "near-sports" space of communication, i.e. communication channels between sports and adjacent social segments. A special place belongs to the media, which not only reflect a sports life, but also shape its public perception, interests, and assessment. It is reflected the stages and models of interaction between sports and the media, starting with pre-revolutionary print media and ending with Internet communications, the role of media in the sport’s images formation, its position in the sociocultural space. The process of sports mediatization, accompanied by the complication of its interaction with other communicative discourses, is considered.

Conclusion

2019 ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Karin Kukkonen
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Charles Dickens ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Culture Industry ◽  
Media Ecology ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
4E Cognition ◽  
The Media

The conclusion shows that several of the embodied aspects of writing fiction discussed for the eighteenth-century novel can be traced into the nineteenth century through an example from Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations. It is shown that, like the earlier authors in the case studies in this book, Dickens features shifting embodied stances and involves elements of the media ecology of his day rather than deploying the concrete particulars that “formal realism” considers central to the novel. Links to larger arguments about the role of the novel in literary history are then drawn in contrast with accounts, based on Adorno/Habermas and Benjamin, that argue that eighteenth-century fiction becomes rationalised and disembodied with the novel and its culture industry. Rather than impoverishing experience, it is argued that the novel as a lifeworld technology depends profoundly on readers’ embodied engagements and that 4E cognition is a critical perspective that affords such an alternative take.

scholarly journals Blocking inflammation on the way: Rationale for CXCR2 antagonists for the treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars M. Koenig ◽  
Daniel F.R. Boehmer ◽  
Philipp Metzger ◽  
Max Schnurr ◽  
Stefan Endres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Neutrophil Recruitment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sars Coronavirus ◽  
Promising Treatment ◽  
Cxcr2 Antagonists ◽  
The Way

An exacerbated and unbalanced immune response may account for the severity of COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2. In this Viewpoint, we summarize recent evidence for the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and propose CXCR2 inhibition as a promising treatment option to block neutrophil recruitment and activation.

scholarly journals TRANSLATION OF THE MENTALITY IN A TRANSITIVE SOCIETY

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Elena V. Kharitonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Revolutionary Period

The article deals with the peculiarities of translating mentality through language in a transforming society. The article reveals the idea of a transitive society and the psychology of transitivity. It is shown that a transitive society influences social representations and values, determines attitudes and goals. Particular attention is paid to the interaction of language and mentality in the context of globalization, when there is an increase in changes in language, including in the Internet language. The language of the people is one of the main mechanisms for transmitting the mentality, through which a special national way of thinking is formed. Numerous studies have shown that the transitivity of society, accompanied by the influence of high technologies, informatization, and virtualization, has a transformative effect on the mentality as a whole. In the history of Russia, the fundamental transformations of society associated with the revolution of 1917 also determined changes in the language in the post-revolutionary period, which were manifested in the increase in the number of jargon, abbreviations of words, and the introduction of foreign borrowings into the language. In the works of scientists of those years, the peculiarities of the influence of foreign borrowings on people's consciousness and mentality in general were analyzed. V. M. Bekhterev, N. S. Trubetskoy, A. M. Selishchev, A. A. Potebnya and others paid attention to the study of these processes. Excessive changes in language can pose a threat to the national mentality due to their impact on traditional values, their destruction and the introduction of new values in a globalized world. The role of the media as a native speaker of a new language and as a tool for influencing mass consciousness is outlined. The most intensive manipulation of the masses through language influences increases in unstable, transitional periods of society development.

scholarly journals Let Them Eat Cake:  Gender, Nationalism and Tyranny  in Revolutionary France and Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Hugh Eldred-Grigg
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Public ◽  
Marie Antoinette ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

<p>The origin of the phrase ‘let them eat cake’ is obscure. Conversely, it is widely understood that the woman whose name is most associated with the phrase, Marie Antoinette, the last pre-revolutionary Queen of France, never said it. But despite its lack of veracity the phrase demonstrates neatly the degree of disdain and anger directed at the Queen to the point where hatred becomes a useful term. This hatred was not unique to Marie Antoinette. While there is no phrase to highlight her role in the public eye, Alexandra Fedorovna, the last Czarina of Russia, was the focus of parallel disdain. Despite the timescale their situations are strikingly similar. The French and Russian revolutions form the backdrop for the close of these two women’s lives. Political historians de-emphasise the role of individual actors in shaping events, but the events of individual lives – or more precisely, the way in which those events are interpreted in the public sphere – can provide an insight into the impersonal events that constitute noteworthy targets of analysis. This study identifies a common dynamic that explains the reason why Marie Antoinette and Alexandra Fedorovna were both the target of such intense hatred during the revolutions that overthrew the systems they were part of and contributed collectively and individually to the shaping of the modern world.</p>

scholarly journals COVID-19 AS A LINGUISTIC PHENOMENON (BASED ON ENGLISH MASS-MEDIA TEXTS)

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Вероника Викторовна Катермина ◽  
Екатерина Андреевна Яченко
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
The Media ◽  
Lexical Composition ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Social Upheaval ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

Статья посвящена изучению COVID-19 как лингвистического явления на материале журнала “The Economist” за март-май 2020 года. В статье отмечается, что в современном мире, характеризующемся переломными моментами цивилизационного плана, особое значение приобретает изучение основ формирования общества, роли информационных технологий и новых дискурсивных практик социального взаимодействия. Начало 2020 года ознаменовалось эпидемией коронавируса, перешедшей в пандемию. Повсеместное распространение заболевания отразилось не только на функционировании медицины и других социальных институтов, но и на лексическом составе многих языков, в частности английского. В статье анализируется структурный и семантический план лексемы «COVID-19». Данная лексема и ее синонимы вводятся в дискурс средств массовой информации, что позволяет рассмотреть их в дискурсивном контексте, выражающем изменения общественного сознания в период пандемии. В статье подчеркивается, что в периоды социальной стабильности процессы языкового развития протекают размеренно и постепенно, а языковые изменения затрагивают отдельные участки системы. В пору социальных потрясений процессы языкового развития ускоряются, создается впечатление хаоса и нестабильности. В соответствии с особенностями ситуации в обществе изменяются психологические установки масс, их языковой вкус и чувство языка. Комплексный лингвистический анализ материала позволил установить, что лексема «COVID-19» в английском массмедийном дискурсе приобретает дополнительные коннотации и служит для формирования информационной картины мира, отражающей национально-культурные особенности мировосприятия и систему ценностных отношений. The article is devoted to the study of COVID-19 as a linguistic phenomenon on the material of The Economist (March-May 2020). The article notes that in the modern world, characterized by critical moments of the civilization plan, the study of the foundations of the formation of society, the role of information technology and new discursive practices of social interaction is of particular importance. The beginning of 2020 was marked by the coronavirus epidemic, which turned into a pandemic. The wide spread of the disease affected not only the functioning of medicine and other social institutions, but also the lexical composition of many languages, in particular English. The article analyzes the structural and semantic plans of the COVID-19 token. This token and its synonyms are introduced into the discourse of the media, which allows us to consider them in the discursive context expressing changes in public consciousness during the pandemic. The article emphasizes that during periods of social stability, the processes of language development proceed gradually, and language changes affect individual parts of the system. At a time of social upheaval, the processes of language development are accelerating, an impression of chaos and instability is created. In accordance with the peculiarities of the situation in society, the psychological attitudes of the masses, their linguistic taste and flair of the language are changing.A comprehensive linguistic analysis of the research material made it possible to establish that the lexeme COVID-19 in the English mass media discourse acquires additional connotations and serves to form an informational picture of the world that reflects the national-cultural characteristics of worldview and the system of axiological relations.

scholarly journals Let Them Eat Cake:  Gender, Nationalism and Tyranny  in Revolutionary France and Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Hugh Eldred-Grigg
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Public ◽  
Marie Antoinette ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

<p>The origin of the phrase ‘let them eat cake’ is obscure. Conversely, it is widely understood that the woman whose name is most associated with the phrase, Marie Antoinette, the last pre-revolutionary Queen of France, never said it. But despite its lack of veracity the phrase demonstrates neatly the degree of disdain and anger directed at the Queen to the point where hatred becomes a useful term. This hatred was not unique to Marie Antoinette. While there is no phrase to highlight her role in the public eye, Alexandra Fedorovna, the last Czarina of Russia, was the focus of parallel disdain. Despite the timescale their situations are strikingly similar. The French and Russian revolutions form the backdrop for the close of these two women’s lives. Political historians de-emphasise the role of individual actors in shaping events, but the events of individual lives – or more precisely, the way in which those events are interpreted in the public sphere – can provide an insight into the impersonal events that constitute noteworthy targets of analysis. This study identifies a common dynamic that explains the reason why Marie Antoinette and Alexandra Fedorovna were both the target of such intense hatred during the revolutions that overthrew the systems they were part of and contributed collectively and individually to the shaping of the modern world.</p>

scholarly journals The role of race and scientific trust on support for COVID-19 social distancing measures in the United States

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254127
Author(s):  
Sara Kazemian ◽  
Sam Fuller ◽  
Carlos Algara
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Institutional Trust ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Media ◽  
Racial Lines ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Pundits and academics across disciplines note that the human toll brought forth by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States (U.S.) is fundamentally unequal for communities of color. Standing literature on public health posits that one of the chief predictors of racial disparity in health outcomes is a lack of institutional trust among minority communities. Furthermore, in our own county-level analysis from the U.S., we find that counties with higher percentages of Black and Hispanic residents have had vastly higher cumulative deaths from COVID-19. In light of this standing literature and our own analysis, it is critical to better understand how to mitigate or prevent these unequal outcomes for any future pandemic or public health emergency. Therefore, we assess the claim that raising institutional trust, primarily scientific trust, is key to mitigating these racial inequities. Leveraging a new, pre-pandemic measure of scientific trust, we find that trust in science, unlike trust in politicians or the media, significantly raises support for COVID-19 social distancing policies across racial lines. Our findings suggest that increasing scientific trust is essential to garnering support for public health policies that lessen the severity of the current, and potentially a future, pandemic.

scholarly journals Memory, Place and Pain in W.G. Sebald's: The Emigrants

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-172
Author(s):  
Kobi (Yaaqov) Assoulin
Keyword(s):  
Main Role ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way ◽  
At Home

When we discuss the concept of place, we mostly do so geographically, or as a metaphor. That is, by representing what we think about by geographical notions. This paper avoids this literary tendency by discussing directly the role of actual place in W.G. Sebald's The Emigrants. Not only that, While still acknowledging melancholy's main role in the novel, and the way in which it is discussed in Freud and through Freud et al, the paper takes this melancholy to be a phenomenological spring board for explicating the centrality of place within The Emigrants's melancholy. In order to do this, the paper discusses the role of place within major phenomenological thinkers like Husserl, Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty and the way their discussion dissolves the classical dichotomy of subject/object. However, as this dichotomy is dissolved, it becomes clearer as to the way places do not only belong to human-beings – simultaneously, humans belong to places. Through explicating this, we come to understand in The Emigrants what makes it such a tragic story. While the emigrants find their home to be rooted in places and memories of places, these places carry at the same time a mood of being-at-home and alongside that, a sense of ruins which haunt. Thus they become trapped between the conflicting urges of running toward and running from these memories. A dilemma that is finally solved only, in the novel, through death.

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