Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effects of Different Mouthrinses against Streptococcus Mutans: An in Vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 398-407
Author(s):  
Eman Abu-obaid ◽  
Fouad Salama ◽  
Ala’a Abu-obaid ◽  
Fars Alanazi ◽  
Mounir Salem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Strain ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Chlorhexidine Digluconate ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Purpose: To assess the antimicrobial effects of different natural and semi-natural mouthrinses on isolates of S. mutans obtained from the saliva of Saudi children and reference strains of S mutans (ATCC 25175). Study design: Saliva samples were collected from 20 children. Natural and semi-natural mouthrinses included were herbal mix mouthrinse, cranberry mouthrinse, chlorhexidine digluconate mouthrinse, cranberry extract mixed with chlorhexidine digluconate mouthrinse, chlorhexidine digluconate mouthrinse with alcohol (positive control), and distilled water (negative control). The microbiological examination tests were minimal inhibitory concentration, minimal bactericidal concentration, and zone of inhibition for the saliva isolates of S. mutans while zone of inhibition test only for reference strain of S. mutans. Results: For reference strain in a comparison with the distilled water, the herbal mix, cranberry, cranberry mixed with chlorhexidine, chlorhexidine, and chlorhexidine with alcohol showed significantly increased zones of inhibition by 36.38, 36.25, 26.13, 17.75, and 12.38, respectively. For saliva isolates in a comparison with the distilled water, the herbal mix, cranberry, cranberry mixed with chlorhexidine, chlorhexidine, and chlorhexidine with alcohol showed significantly increased zones of inhibition by 38.00, 34.25, 22.94, 16.50, and 16.44, respectively. Chlorhexidine with alcohol showed significantly lower minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration than the other groups. Conclusions: Herbal mix and cranberry mouthrinses could be effective natural alternative to chlorhexidine mouthrinse with or without alcohol in affecting tested parameters.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Efficacy of Nanoparticle-Incorporated Root Canal Sealer against Common Endodontic Pathogens - An in vitro Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Srujana Hemmanur ◽  
Iffat Nasim
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Test Product ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Infection caused by microorganisms play a crucial role in the induction of inflammation of pulpal as well as the periapical tissues. Factors like improper disinfection or obturation of the root canal space contributes to the failure of the root canal treatment. The aim of the study was to modify the contents of MTA-based sealer with nanoparticles and check for its antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis. Silver nanoparticles (10 nm) were incorporated in MTA based sealer at various concentrations to form the test product. The antibacterial efficacy of the modified sealer was tested by well diffusion test on E. faecalis. The zone of inhibition (mm) was checked for each test product. Analysis of the results showed significant diameters of zones of inhibition (mm) as compared to sealer without nanoparticles. The zone of inhibition increased with the increase in the concentration of silver nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticle incorporated sealer can be used in the clinical setup to prevent reinfection of the root canal system and ensure the success of the root canal treatment.

scholarly journals Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Child Formula Dentifrices at different Concentrations: An in vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Ritika Malhotra ◽  
ND Shashikiran
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of the present in vitro study is to evaluate and compare antimicrobial efficacy of commercially available child's dental formulas in reduced concentrations containing different forms of fluoride against Streptococcus mutans activity. Materials and methods The selected dentifrices were prepared in dilutions of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, and 1:16 using sterile pyrogen-free distilled water. Various dilutions of the selected toothpaste slurries were incubated in the agar plate containing pure strains of S. mutans, and antimicrobial activity of each was assessed by measuring the diameter of zones of inhibition (in mm). Agar well plate diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination were the methods used in this study. The inhibitory circle of each dentifrice was measured and MIC was achieved by considering the value of diameter of the circle. Results The results of the study showed that even at a lower concentration of fluoride, inhibition halos were obtained for all the formulations at different dilutions. Conclusion The kid's formulations having lower fluoride concentration show antimicrobial activity even after dilutions. Thus, commercially, the fluoride concentrations can be further lowered down in the dentifrices, thereby reducing the risk associated with fluoride. How to cite this article Malhotra R, Singla S, Shashikiran ND. Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Child Formula Dentifrices at different Concentrations: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):131-135.

scholarly journals A controlled in vitro study of the antimicrobial effectiveness of Colibacillinum against E. coli

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Nkululeko Xaba
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enteropathogenic Strain ◽  
Antimicrobial Effectiveness

Background Due to the rise of antibiotic resistant bacterial infections, alternative methods of treatment need to be explored. Homoeopathic medicine is based on the principle of ‘like cures like’ (O’Reilly, 1996) i.e. the symptoms the substance can cause, it can cure which is the underlying rationale for this study. Colibacillinum is a remedy prepared from an enteropathogenic strain of E. coli, this remedy is already used in clinical practice against chronic cystitis (Leupen, 2010) caused by E. coli, however, an extensive literature search has revealed there to be no empirical investigation into its antibiotic capacity. This study aimed to show whether or not this remedy demonstrates antimicrobial capacity against E. coli in an in vitro setting. Parallell homoeopathic potencies of this remedy and one prepared from a uropathogenic strain of E. coli were tested for antimicrobial effects against enteropathogenic and uropathogenic strains of E. coli in vitro using the disc diffusion method. Aim of the study The aim of this controlled in vitro study is to determine the antimicrobial effectiveness of parallel potencies of the homoeopathic remedy Colibacillinum (manufactured from a uropathogenic strain and enteropathogenic strains respectively) against uropathogenic and enteropathogenic cultures of E. coli in vitro by means of the disc diffusion assay method. Methodology Measurements were by means of the disc diffusion essay. For this experiment thirty Mueller-Hinton plates were prepared and inoculated with each test bacteria in turn. Fifteen plates were inoculated with Uropathogenic strain of E. coli and the remaining 15 plates were inoculated with Uropathogenic strain of E. coli. A sterile 5mm Whatman® filter paper number 4 discs were individually inoculated with test substances 3CH,9CH,30CH and 200CH potencies and the controls, negative (43% ethanol) and positive control (Ciprofloxacin) using a micropipette, before being allowed to dry in the incubator. A Ciprofloxacin antibiotic (positive control) was included in the experiment with sole purpose of accounting for plate-plate variations in the pharmacological sensitivity of the same specie of bacteria. The plates were incubated at 37°C, and the zones of inhibition measured with a pair of Vernier calipers at 24 hours. Data entry was done using the SPSS statistical package. ANOVA was used to compare the differences between the test and control groups, Mauchly’s Test of Sphericity for Uropathogenic prepared strain, Mauchly’s Test of Sphericity for Enteropathogenic prepared strain, Normality test. Results The results obtained from this study showed that the Homoeopathic remedy Colibacillinum prepared from both Uropathogenic and Enteropathogenic strains displayed inhibitory effects against Enteropathogenic and Uropathogenic strains of E. coli, and exhibited statistically significance. The control group (ciprofloxacin) had the highest inhibitory effect (42.3±0.58mm) against Enteropathogenic and Uropathogenic E. coli, while the negative control (43% ethanol) had the lowest inhibitory effect (0.67±1.15mm). Colibacillinun 200CH prepared from a Uropathogenic strain of E-coli (Coli-b_U 200CH) displayed statistically significant antimicrobial effects against uropathogenic E.coli; such antimicrobial effects were significantly greater than 43% ethanol (negative control); the antimicrobial effect was however inferior to Ciprofloxacin (positive control). Colibacillinum 9CH prepared from Enteropathogenic strain of E-coli (Coli-b_E 9CH) also displayed statistically significant antimicrobial effects against enteropathogenic E.coli which were significantly greater than 43% ethanol (negative control) but inferior to Ciprofloxacin. Conclusion This study concluded that Colibacillinum prepared from Uropathogenic and Enteropathogenic strains of E. coli, are effective in inhibiting the in vitro growth of E.coli when evaluated by means of disc diffusion. The study further confirmed that the biological (anti-microbial) activity of an ultra-high homoeopathic dilution (Coli-b_U 200CH) (1:10400) and in the case of Coli-b_U the findings support existing literature which suggests that the anti-microbial properties of homeopathic nosodes increase with potency; all hypotheses for this remedy were thus accepted. This trend was not noted for Coli-b_E in which the potency with the greatest anti-microbial effect was the 9CH, thus Colibacillinum prepared from Enteropathogenic strain (Coli-b_E) did not conform with hypothesies one, two and four that were proposed in chapter one. Despite this the confirmation of significant antimicrobial effects of a substance at this level of deconcentration (1:1018) is noteworthy.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF ANTIFUNGAL EFFECTS OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE HERBAL MOUTHWASHES AND CHLORHEXIDINE AGAINST CANDIDA ALBICANS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS: AN IN VITRO STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Chandini Ravikumar ◽  
Radhika Arjunkumar ◽  
Gopinath Prakasam
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Vitro Effect

ABSTRACTObjective: Candida albicans is a part of the normal flora of the mouth in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Periodontitis is one of the main complicationsin diabetic patients. Mechanical and chemical plaque control are the most productive methods in preventing periodontal diseases in the oral cavity.The objective of this study is to compare the in vitro effect of herbal mouthwashes and chlorhexidine (CHX) against C. albicans.Methods: Saliva samples were obtained from diabetic patients reporting for treatment to Saveetha medical college. C. albicans was cultured from thesalivary sample. A yeast suspension was made by sub culturing the C. albicans. The mouthwashes used in the study are HiOra regular (0.2%), HiOrasensitive (0.5%), and clohex plus (CHX gluconate 0.02%) mouthwashes. The fungal suspension was spread on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA) plateswith a sterile swab. Subsequently, wells of 6 mm in diameter were made with a suitable distance using sterile cork borer on pre-inoculated agar platesand filled with 100 µl of each mouthwashes. From the zones of inhibition seen, antimicrobial activity was expressed in terms of average diameter ofthe zones of inhibition measured.Results: Using HiOra regular mouthwash, 13/18 (72%) wells were found to show zone of inhibition ≥20 mm. In HiOra sensitive mouthwash, only9/18 (50%) showed inhibition zone ≥20 mm. With effect of regular CHX mouthwash, none of the strains showed the zone of inhibition to be ≥20 mm.Most of the strains responded well with all the three mouthwashes.Conclusion: Among the 2 herbal mouthwashes, HiOra regular mouthwash was most effective in inhibiting the candidal growth when compared tothe HiOra sensitive. HiOra regular mouthwash still showed better inhibitory actions when compared to the regular CHX mouthwash and the candidalspecies showed increased sensitivity to it.Keywords: Candida albicans, Chlorhexidine mouthwash, Diabetes mellitus, Herbal mouthwashes, Zone of inhibition.

In Vitro Assessment of Chlorhexidine Gluconate–Impregnated Polyurethane Foam Antimicrobial Dressing Using Zone of Inhibition Assays

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 664-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhangi Bhende ◽  
Daniel Spangler
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

AbstractObjective:To evaluate an antimicrobial dressing consisting of hydrophilic polyurethane foam with chlorhexidine gluconate for activity against several antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates as well as American Type Culture Collection reference strains using zone of inhibition assays.Methods:Sterile foam samples with chlorhexidine gluconate and untreated controls were transferred onto inoculated agar plates. Plates were incubated at 35°C to 37° C for 24 hours and examined for zones of inhibition around the foam samples.Results:Polyurethane foam with chlorhexidine gluconate showed antimicrobial activity in vitro against all of the challenge organisms including antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates.Conclusion:The data from this in vitro study support the hypothesis that polyurethane foam with chlorhexidine gluconate has an antimicrobial effect against antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus and Enterococcus species, as well as Candida species.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Cerumenolytic Activities of New and Currently Used Agents

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132098606
Author(s):  
Nguyen Quynh Anh ◽  
Pawin Numthavaj ◽  
Thongchai Bhongmakapat
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
All Solutions

Objectives: This study compared the cerumen dissolution activities of 7.5% sodium bicarbonate, 5% potassium hydroxide, 10% lactic acid, 3% salicylic acid, 10% glycolic acid, and distilled water. Methods: An in vitro study was conducted with 36 cerumen samples. The cerumenolytic activities of the 6 agents were assessed by recording the degree of cerumen disintegration using digital photography at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 12 hours. The undissolved cerumen that remained after 12 hours was removed from the solutions and weighed after drying. Results: Potassium hydroxide showed the fastest cerumenolytic activity, dissolving a moderate amount of cerumen at 30 minutes, while glycolic acid and salicylic acid caused no visible changes in the cerumen samples. Samples treated with potassium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate exhibited higher degrees of disintegration compared to samples treated with distilled water (odds ratio and 95% CI: 273.237 [0.203-367 470.4] and 1.129 [0.002-850.341], respectively). The greatest reduction in cerumen weight was associated with the use of sodium bicarbonate; however, this result did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Among the solutions tested, 5% potassium hydroxide showed the fastest dissolution activity, yielding moderate disintegration within only 30 minutes. In terms of residual cerumen weight within 12 hours, all solutions exhibited equivalent effectiveness in the disintegration of cerumen.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Inhibitory Effects of Punica Granatum Gel on Cariogenic Bacteria: An in vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazielle Millo ◽  
Apa Juntavee ◽  
Ariya Ratanathongkam ◽  
Natsajee Nualkaew ◽  
Peerapattana, Jomjai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Time Kill

ABSTRACT Aim This study evaluated the in vitro antibacterial effects of the formulated Punica granatum (PG) gel against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Lactobacillus casei. Materials and methods The PG extract was dissolved in water at 500 mg/mL. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for identification and quantification of chemical marker punicalagin. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and time-kill assay (TKA) were investigated. Antibacterial activities of the formulated PG gel, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel and blank gel were tested by measuring the zones of inhibition through agar well diffusion method. Results The HPLC results showed presence of punicalagin at 2023.58 ± 25.29 μg/mL in the aqueous PG extract and at 0.234% (w/w) in the formulated PG gel. The MBC for S. mutans, S. Sanguinis, and L. casei were 250, 125, and 500 mg/mL respectively. The TKA of 500 mg/mL aqueous PG extract showed total inhibition of S. mutans, S. Sanguinis, and L. casei at 6, 1, and 24 hours contact time respectively. Agar well diffusion revealed that for S. mutans, CHX gel > PG gel > blank gel; for S. sanguinis, CHX gel = PG gel > blank gel; for L. casei, CHX gel > PG gel = blank gel. Comparison of the PG gel potency showed that S. sanguinis = S. mutans > L. casei. Conclusion The PG gel equivalent to 0.234% punicalagin (w/w) inhibited S. mutans and S. sanguinis but not L. casei within 24 hours incubation period and has the potential to be used for caries prevention. How to cite this article Millo G, Juntavee A, Ratanathongkam A, Nualkaew N, Peerapattana J, Chatchiwiwattana S. Antibacterial Inhibitory Effects of Punica Granatum Gel on Cariogenic Bacteria: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):152-157.

scholarly journals DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF PAPACARIE AND PAPAIN ON STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS IN VITRO

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
TITTY SULIANTI ◽  
NILAKESUMA DJAUHARI ◽  
BAMBANG NURSASONGKO
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group Control ◽  
Caries Removal ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Better Than

Objective: The aim is to compare the antimicrobial effects of papain and Papacarie with dilution and diffusion tests.Methods: There were two treatment groups and one Group control. The treatment group received papain and Papacarie, and the control groupreceived chlorhexidine, in five liquids with different concentrations of 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.125%, 0.0625%, and 0.03%. The dilution and diffusion testswere used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and zone of inhibition for eachtreatment material.Results: MICs of papain and Papacarie were 12.5%, indicating that at a concentration of 12.5%, the material can inhibit the growth of Streptococcusmutans. Papain does not have an MBC value but the Papacarie has an MBC at 25%, which indicating that at a concentration of 25%, Papacarie hasbactericidal effects on S. mutans. The zone of inhibition of papain was lower than Papacarie.Conclusion: Based on chemomechanical caries removal materials, the antimicrobial effects of Papacarie were better than those of papain.

scholarly journals Evaluation of coconut water neutralized by different agents on the viability of human fibroblasts: an in vitro study

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira SOARES ◽  
Aletheia Moraes ROCHA ◽  
Manuella Verdinelli de Paula REIS ◽  
Camilla Christian Gomes MOURA ◽  
Carlos José SOARES
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
Adjustment Method

Abstract Objective This study evaluated four types of pH adjustment of the coconut water (CW) on viability of human fibroblasts (HFF). Material and method Natural and industrialized CW were adjusted to pH 7.0 using: (1) Sodium Hidroxide (NaOH), (2) Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), (3) Triethanolamine (C6H15NO3), (4) 2-Amino-2-Methil-1-Propanol (C4H11NO). Fibroblasts were plated at 2×104/ well in 96 well plates and maintained in the CW solutions for 2 h and 4 h. Positive control was represented by HFF maintained in DMEM and the negative control by tap water. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT formazan method. Data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s and Dunnet’s test. Result There are no significant effect on the cell viability regarding type of CW, period of evaluation, and the interactions between CW and period of evaluation, CW and pH adjustment method, pH adjustment method and period of evaluation (p>0.05). Conclusion The product used for CW pH adjustment did not influenced HFF viability, thought there are a tendency of better performance in natural CW.

scholarly journals An In-Vitro Study of Molecular Effects of a Combination Treat-ment with Antibiotics and Nanofluid Containing Carbon Nano-tubes on Klebsiella pneumoniae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Mehdizadeh ◽  
Mojgan Sheikhpour ◽  
Iman Salahshourifar ◽  
Seyed Davar Siadat ◽  
Parvaneh Saffarian
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Ultrasonic Method ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
Virulence Gene Expression

Background: We aimed to prepare a nanofluid, containing f-MWCNTs, and investigate the antibacterial efficacy of f-MWCNTs+ ciprofloxacin (cip) on Klebsiella pneumoniae by evaluating the virulence gene expression. Methods: This study was carried out from 2019 to 2020, in the Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran. The nanofluid containing antibiotic and f-MWCNTs were prepared by the ultrasonic method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ciprofloxacin and f-MWCNTs were determined using the broth micro dilution MIC tests. For examining the antibacterial effects, the expression level of virulence genes, under the influence of f-MWCNTs, was evaluated by a real-time PCR. Results: The effect of 8 µg/ml ciprofloxacin + 400 µg/ml f-MWCNTs, completely inhibited the growth of the resistant isolate of K. pneumoniae, while, in the ATCC 700,603 isolate, 2 µg/ml ciprofloxacin with 100 µg/ml f-MWCNT could inhibit a bacterial growth. In the resistant K. pneumoniae clinical isolate, after f-MWCNT+cip treatment, the expression of fimA, fimD, wza, and wzi genes was significantly downregulated, compared to the ciprofloxacin treatment, and upregulated, compared to the negative control. For the ATCC 700,603 isolate treated with f-MWCNT+cip, the expression of fimA, fimD and wza virulence genes showed upregulation, compared to the negative control and downregulated in comparison with the ciprofloxacin treatment. Conclusion: Simultaneous treatment of resistant isolate of K. pneumoniae with f-MWCNTs +antibiotic could improve the effectiveness of antibiotic at lower doses, due to the reduced expression of virulence genes in comparison with antibiotic treatment, besides the increased cell wall permeability to antibiotics.

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