scholarly journals Um diálogo entre biopolítica e colonialidade a partir da intervenção militar no Rio de Janeiro

Author(s):  
Ygor Santos de Santana ◽  
Flávia De Ávila

A intervenção federal no Estado do Rio de Janeiro caracterizou-se pela forte presença das Forças Armadas nas favelas, aumento de homicídios e outras violências contra seus moradores. Este trabalho objetiva discutir essa intervenção enquanto inflexão de uma lógica mais ampla de guerra contra as pessoas não-brancas, fundante do Estado Brasileiro, desde os genocídios coloniais. Divide-se em quatro seções. A primeira analisa relatos de moradores da favela, produzidos no Circuito Favelas por Direitos, que mostram concretamente a relação entre exceção e colonialidade. A segunda apresenta a disciplina jurídica da intervenção. A terceira aborda a relação de exceção formadora dos Estados modernos, os quais definem diferencialmente os limites político-jurídicos da vida humana. A quarta apresenta como a exceção, nos países formados pelas invasões coloniais, entrelaça-se a discursos racistas numa matriz colonial de poder, produtora da desumanização e do genocídio de setores inteiros da população. Metodologicamente, baseia-se na análise documental e na revisão bibliográfica. Conclui-se que a ação estatal brasileira é constitutivamente orientada por uma matriz colonial de poder, que define quais vidas serão protegidas e quais serão expostas à morte generalizada. The federal intervention in the State of Rio de Janeiro was characterized by a strong presence of the Armed Forces in the favelas, more homicides and other violence against residents. This paper discusses the intervention as inflection of a broader war logic against non-white people, that founds the Brazilian State, since the colonial genocides. It’s divided into four sections. The first analyzes reports from favela residents, gathered in the Circuito Favela por Direitos, which concretely show the relationship between exception and coloniality. The second presents the legal discipline of the intervention. The third addresses exception, forming relation of modern States, which differentially define human life’s political-legal limits . The fourth presents how the exception, in countries formed by colonial invasions, is intertwined with racist discourses in a colonial matrix of power, which produces dehumanization and genocide for entire population sectors. Methodologically, it is based on documentary analysis and bibliographic review. The conclusion is that a colonial matrix of power constitutively guides the Brazilian state action, which defines the lives that’ll be protected and those that’ll be exposed to generalized death.                                

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Urbaniak

This article builds on my recent engagement with James Cone’s binary view of Africanness and Christianity which focused on his Western locus of enunciation and the criticism he received from his African American colleagues. I believe that analogical questions regarding Christian theology’s attitude towards Africanness in general and African religiosity in particular present themselves to us who live in and try to make sense of South African reality today, including white people like myself. I start by introducing a decolonial perspective as it manifests itself through the recent #MustFall student movements. In this context, I offer three theses regarding the decolonial perspective on African religiosity, each of which constitutes a more or less direct critique of Cone’s ambivalent attitude towards Africanness, and African Traditional Religions in particular. The first thesis concerns the distinction between postcoloniality and decoloniality; the second thesis concerns engaging African religiosity as a requirement for decolonising Christian theology; and the third thesis concerns problematising the relationship between the categories of blackness and Africanness.


polemica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-019
Author(s):  
Georgie Echeverri Vásquez ◽  
Regina Glória Nunes Andrade

Resumo: O presente texto aborda a relação entre o conteúdo de uma rede social digital e a dinâmica de formação do pensamento social nesse ambiente virtual. A partir da análise comunicacional de três eventos da história recente, nomeadamente, a rejeição ao acordo de paz com as FARC (Forças Armadas Revolucionárias da Colômbia) na Colômbia, o Brexit ou saída do Reino Unido da União Europeia e a ocupação das escolas do Rio de Janeiro por parte dos estudantes secundaristas em 2016, o artigo associa a construção de narrativas múltiplas, próprias da Internet, aos princípios de estabilidade e variabilidade que regem a arquitetura do pensamento social. Por fim, concentra-se na descrição das condições de produção desse tipo de pensamento (formalismo espontâneo, dualismo causal, primazia da conclusão e construção de analogia) no intuito de compreender a coerência de sua lógica.Palavras-chave: Redes sociais digitais. Pensamento social. Comunicação. Mobilização.Abstract: This paper deals with the relationship between content in a social media and the formation of social thought in such a virtual environment. Based on the communication analysis of three events in recent history, namely, the rejection of the peace agreement with the FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) in Colombia, the Brexit or withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union and the occupation of Rio de Janeiro schools by the students in 2016, the article associates the construction of Internet multiple narratives to the principles of stability and variability that shape the architecture of social thought. Finally, it focuses on the depiction of the conditions of production of that kind of thinking (spontaneous formalism, causal dualism, primacy of conclusion and construction of analogy) aimed at understanding the coherence of its logics by means of illustrative examples. Keywords: Social media. Social thought. Communication. Mobilization. 


2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (67) ◽  
pp. 13-30
Author(s):  
Reis Friede

O presente artigo objetiva analisar, à luz do Texto Constitucional e da legislação infraconstitucional aplicável, como se dá o emprego das Forças Armadas na denominada Garantia da Lei e da Ordem (GLO) e em situações excepcionais de intervenção federal na área da segurança pública, institutos cujas distinções fundamentais (e respectivas consequências jurídicas) serão apresentadas no decorrer da escritura deste texto. Conforme será demonstrado, o emprego das Forças Armadas, em ambas as situações avocadas, encontra pleno amparo no Ordenamento Jurídico nacional. Da mesma forma, o texto traça um breve panorama a respeito da missão das Forças Armadas ao longo da história brasileira, de modo a identificar e destacar a razão que ensejou a redação prevista no art. 142, caput, do Texto Constitucional vigente, regra que consagra as missões (nos planos principal e secundário) inerentes às Forças Armadas. Discorre-se, em seguida, sobre a atual postura democrática das Instituições Militares, o que inviabiliza, na quadra atual, o seu manejo como instrumento de estabilização política. Ao final, o estudo almeja demonstrar que a figura da intervenção federal na área da segurança pública do Estado do Rio de Janeiro caracteriza uma medida excepcional e democrática, cujo sucesso operacional dependerá da efetiva cooperação institucional entre os Poderes da República. Para tanto, a pesquisa baseia-se em textos legais e jornalísticos pertinentes ao assunto abordado.   The current article aims to analyze according to Constitution and applicable legislation how employment of armed forces to guarantee the respect for law and order occurs and in exceptional situations of federal intervention in the public security area, entities whose fundamental distinctions (and respective legal consequences) will be presented during the analysis. As it will be demonstrated, the employment of military forces on both situations finds full protection in the national legal order. In the same way, the text drafts a brief panorama regarding the mission of the armed forces throughout the Brazilian history, so as to identify and highlight the reason that led to the content in article 142, caput, of the current Magna Carta, a rule which consecrates the missions (in the main and secondary plans) inherent to military forces. Then, the article discusses the current democratic posture of military institutions which frustrates nowadays its deployment as an instrument of political stabilization. Eventually, the study aims to demonstrate that the federal intervention in the public security of Rio de Janeiro State characterizes an exceptional and democratic measure whose operational success will depend on the effective institutional cooperation amongst the powers of the Republic. Therefore, the research is based on several legal and journalistic texts regarding the analyzed subject. El presente artículo tiene por finalidad analizar, a la luz del Texto Constitucional y de la legislación infra constitucional aplicable, como se da el empleo de las Fuerzas Armadas en la denominada garantía de la ley y del orden (GLO) y en situaciones excepcionales de intervención federal en el área de la seguridad pública, institutos cuyas distinciones fundamentales (y respectivas consecuencias jurídicas) se presentarán en el decurso de la escritura de este texto. Conforme se demostrará, el empleo de las Fuerzas Armadas en ambas situaciones tiene pleno amparo en el Ordenamiento Jurídico nacional. De la misma manera, el texto traza un breve panorama respecto a la misión de las Fuerzas Armadas a lo largo de la historia brasileña, para identificar y destacar la razón que ha motivado la redacción prevista en el art. 142, encabezamiento, del Texto Constitucional vigente, regla que consagra las misiones (en los planos principal e secundario) inherentes a las Fuerzas Armadas. Se discurre, enseguida, sobre la actual postura democrática de las Instituciones Militares, lo que inviabiliza, en el presente momento, su manejo como instrumento de estabilización política. Al final, el estudio pretende demostrar que la figura de la intervención federal en el área de la seguridad pública del Estado de Río de Janeiro caracteriza una medida excepcional y democrática, cuyo éxito operacional dependerá de la efectiva cooperación institucional entre los Poderes de la República. Para tanto, la investigación se basa en diversos textos legales y periodísticos pertinentes al asunto abordado.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-155
Author(s):  
Marta Maria Aragão Maciel

Resumo: O presente texto objetiva uma abordagem, no interior do pensamento de Ernst Bloch (1885/1977), acerca da relação entre marxismo e utopia: um vínculo incomum no interior do marxismo, comumente tido numa oposição inconciliável. Daí a apropriação do termo “herético” em referência ao marxismo do autor alemão: a expressão é usada não em sentido pejorativo, mas apenas para situar seu distanciamento do marxismo vulgar, bem como sua intenção de crítica radical dessa tradição. Aqui entendemos que é, em particular, por meio da relação entre marxismo e utopia que o pensamento de Ernst Bloch aparece como um projeto inelutavelmente político com vistas a uma filosofia da práxis concreta na principal obra do autor: O Princípio esperança (Das Prinzip Hoffnung) [1954/1959]. Neste livro encontramos, com efeito, a tentativa de pensar a atualidade do marxismo para o contexto do século XX, a era das catástrofes, conforme definição do historiador Eric Hobsbawm. Palavras-chave: Marxismo. Utopia. Dialética. Crítica social. Cultura.  Abstract: This paper presents an approach within the thinking of Ernst Bloch (1885/1977) about the relation between Marxism and Utopia: an unusual link within Marxism, commonly held in an irreconcilable opposition. Hence the appropriation of the term "heretical" in reference to the German author's Marxism: the expression is used not in a pejorative sense, but only to situate its distancing from vulgar Marxism, as well as its intention of a radical critique of this tradition. Here we understand that it is particularly through the relationship between Marxism and Utopia that Ernst Bloch's thought appears as an ineluctably political project with a view to a philosophy of concrete praxis in the principal work of the author: The Principle Hope (Das Prinzip Hoffnung) [1954/1959]. In this book we find, in effect, the attempt to think the actuality of Marxism in the context of the age of catastrophe - as defined by Eric Hobsbawm - that is, the long twentieth century that experienced the extreme barbarism of the concentration camp, of which the thinker in question, Jewish and Communist, managed to escape.  Keywords: Marxism. Utopia. Dialectics. Social criticismo. Culture. REFERÊNCIAS   ALBORNOZ, Suzana. O enigma da Esperança: Ernst Bloch e as margens da história do espírito. Petrópolis, RJ: Vozes, 1995.   ALBORNOZ, Suzana. Ética e utopia: ensaio sobre Ernst Bloch. 2ª edição. Porto Alegre: Movimento; Santa Cruz do Sul: EdUSC, 2006.  BICCA, Luiz. Marxismo e liberdade. São Paulo: Loyola, 1987.  BLOCH, Ernst. Filosofia del Rinascimento. Trad. it. de Gabriella Bonacchi e Katia Tannenbaum. Bologna: il Mulino, 1981.     BLOCH, Ernst. Héritage de ce temps. Trad. Jean Lacoste. Paris: Payot, 1978.  BLOCH, Ernst. O Princípio Esperança [1954-1959]. Vol. I.  Trad. br. Nélio Schneider. Rio de Janeiro: EdUERJ; Contraponto, 2005.   BLOCH, Ernst. O Princípio Esperança [1954-1959]. Vol. II. Trad. br. Werner Fuchs. Rio de Janeiro: EdUERJ; Contraponto, 2006.   BLOCH, Ernst. O Princípio Esperança [1954-1959]. Vol. III. Trad. br. Nélio Schneider. Rio de Janeiro: EdUERJ; Contraponto, 2006.  BLOCH, Ernst. Du rêve à l’utopie: Entretiens philosophiques. Textos escolhidos e prefaciados por Arno Münster. Paris: Hermann, 2016.  BLOCH, Ernst. Thomas Münzer, Teólogo da Revolução [1963]. Trad. br. Vamireh Chacon e Celeste Aída Galeão. Rio de Janeiro: Tempo Brasileiro, 1973.  BLOCH, Ernst. L’esprit de l’utopie, [1918-1023]. Trad. fr. de Anne Marie Lang e Catherine Tiron-Audard. Paris: Gallimard, 1977.  BLOCH, Ernst. El pensamiento de Hegel. Trad. esp. de Wenceslao Roces. Mexico; Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Economica, 1963.   BOURETZ, Pierre. Testemunhas do futuro: filosofia e messianismo. Trad. J. Guinsburg. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2011, p. 690.  FREUD, Sigmund. Los sueños [1900-1901]. Trad. Luis Lopez-Ballesteros et al., Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva, 1981.  FREUD, Sigmund. A Interpretação dos sonhos. Vol. I. Trad. Jayme Salomão. Rio de Janeiro: Imago, 2006.  HORKHEIMER, Max. Filosofia e teoria crítica. In: Textos escolhidos. Trad. de José Lino Grünnewald. São Paulo: Abril Cultural, 1980, p. 155 (Coleção Os Pensadores.). MÜNSTER, Arno. Ernst Bloch: filosofia da práxis e utopia concreta. São Paulo: UNESP, 1993.     MÜNSTER, Arno. Utopia, Messianismo e Apocalipse nas primeiras de Ernst Bloch. Trad. br. de Flávio Beno Siebeneichler. São Paulo: UNESP, 1997.  PIRON-AUDARD, Catherine. Anthropologie marxiste et psychanalyse selon Ernst Bloch. In: RAULET, Gérard (org.). Utopie-marxisme selon Ernst Bloch: un système de l'inconstructible. Payot: Paris, 1976. VIEIRA, Antonio Rufino. Princípio esperança e a “herança intacta do marxismo” em Ernst Bloch. In: Anais do 5° Coloquio Internacional Marx-Engels. Campinas: CEMARX/Unicamp. Disponível em: <www.unicamp.br / cemarx_v_coloquio_arquivos_arquivos /comunicacoes/gt1/sessao6/Antonio_Rufi no.pdf>.  VIEIRA, Antonio Rufino. Marxismo e libertação: estudos sobre Ernst Bloch e Enrique Dussel. São Leopoldo: Nova Harmonia, 2010.  RAULET, Gérard (Organizador). Utopie - marxisme selon Ernst Bloch: un sistème de l’inconstructible. Paris: Payot, 1976.  ZECCHI, Stefano. Ernest Bloch: Utopia y Esperanza en el Comunismo [1974]. Trad. esp. de Enric Pérez Nadal, Barcellona: Península, 1978.  


Author(s):  
Daniel Martin Feige

Der Beitrag widmet sich der Frage historischer Folgeverhältnisse in der Kunst. Gegenüber dem Gedanken, dass es ein ursprüngliches Werk in der Reihe von Werken gibt, das späteren Werken seinen Sinn gibt, schlägt der Text vor, das Verhältnis umgekehrt zu denken: Im Lichte späterer Werke wird der Sinn früherer Werke neu ausgehandelt. Dazu geht der Text in drei Schritten vor. Im ersten Teil formuliert er unter der Überschrift ›Form‹ in kritischer Abgrenzung zu Danto und Eco mit Adorno den Gedanken, dass Kunstwerke eigensinnig konstituierte Gegenstände sind. Die im Gedanken der Neuverhandlung früherer Werke im Lichte späterer Werke vorausgesetzte Unbestimmtheit des Sinns von Kunstwerken wird im zweiten Teil unter dem Schlagwort ›Zeitlichkeit‹ anhand des Paradigmas der Improvisation erörtert. Der dritte und letzte Teil wendet diese improvisatorische Logik unter dem Label ›Neuaushandlung‹ dann dezidiert auf das Verhältnis von Vorbild und Nachbild an. The article proposes a new understanding of historical succession in the realm of art. In contrast to the idea that there is an original work in the series of works that gives meaning to the works that come later, the text proposes to think it exactly the other way round: in the light of later works, the meanings of earlier works are renegotiated. The text proceeds in three steps to develop this idea. Under the heading ›Form‹ it develops in the first part a critical reading of Danto’s and Eco’s notion of the constitution of the artworks and argues with Adorno that each powerful work develops its own language. In the second part, the vagueness of the meaning of works of art presupposed in the idea of renegotiating earlier works in the light of later works is discussed under the term ›Temporality‹ in terms of the logic of improvisation. The third and final part uses this improvisational logic under the label ›Renegotiation‹ to understand the relationship between model and afterimage in the realm of art.


Author(s):  
Yunliang Meng ◽  
Sulaimon Giwa ◽  
Uzo Anucha

Our study investigated racial profiling of Black youth in Toronto and linked this racial profiling to urban disadvantage theory, which highlights neighbourhood-level processes. Our findings provide empirical evidence suggesting that because of racial profiling, Black youth are subject to disproportionately more stops for gun-, traffic-, drug-, and suspicious activity-related reasons. Moreover, they show that drug-related stop-and-searches of Black youth occur most excessively in neighbourhoods where more White people reside and are less disadvantaged, demonstrating that race-and-place profiling of Black youth exists in police stop-and-search practices. This study shows that the theoretical literature in sociology on neighbourhood characteristics can contribute to an understanding of the relationship between race and police stops in the context of neighbourhood. It also discusses the negative impact of racial profiling on Black youth.


Author(s):  
Isao Okayasu ◽  
Chi-Ok Oh ◽  
Duarte B Morais

Running is one of the most popular activities in the world. Runners’ attitudes and behaviors vary depending on their running style. This study aims to construct different measures of running specialization based on the theory of specialization. This study also tests a runner’s stage of specialization segmentation based on recreation specialization and examines the predictive relationship between a runner’s specialization and event attachment. Three groups of sampling data assess the performance of diverse specialization measures for running in three marathon events. First, two surveys were conducted with marathon participants to assess the performance of diverse specialization measures for runners. Second, the third dataset was used to examine the relationship between a runner’s recreation specialization and event attachment.The study results showed that the 15 measures of specialization showed a good fit to the data. Our research showed how runners’ recreation specialization is connected to their event attachment. In addition, this study suggested event management for subdivisions of runners. Its practical implication is that recreation specialization for running can help us understand event attachment.


Author(s):  
Marieke Brandt
Keyword(s):  

Chapter 5 reconstructs the course and the dynamics of the first three rounds of the Houthi conflict, also called the ‘Ṣaʿdah War’, from its eruption in June 2004 until the February 2006 ceasefire, which successfully brought the third Ṣaʿdah War to a halt and ushered into several months of detente. It shows how, in the course of the war, the sectarian and social-revolutionary thrust of Houthism began to fuse with existing open and latent conflicts in Yemen’s North, a process that led to an enormous expansion of the war’s scope and magnitude. It analyses the course of the war’s first three rounds, the composition of the national military and Houthi armed forces, their respective supporters and opponents among the local tribes, and attempts at mediation between the two sides.


Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4046
Author(s):  
Mateusz Bronis ◽  
Edward Miko ◽  
Lukasz Nowakowski

This article discusses the relationship between the kinematic system used in drilling and the quality of through-holes. The drilling was done on a CTX Alpha 500 universal turning center using a TiAlN-coated 6.0 mm drill bit with internal cooling, mounted in a driven tool holder. The holes were cut in cylindrical 42CrMo4 + QT steel samples measuring 30 mm in diameter and 30 mm in length. Three types of hole-drilling kinematic systems were considered. The first consisted of a fixed workpiece and a tool performing rotary (primary) and linear motions. In the second system, the workpiece rotated (primary motion) while the tool moved linearly. In the third system, the workpiece and the tool rotated in opposite directions; the tool also moved linearly. The analysis was carried out for four output parameters characterizing the hole quality (i.e., cylindricity, straightness, roundness, and diameter errors). The experiment was designed using the Taguchi approach (orthogonal array). ANOVA multi-factor statistical analysis was used to determine the influence of the input parameters (cutting speed, feed per revolution and type of kinematic system) on the geometrical and dimensional errors of the hole. From the analysis, it is evident that the kinematic system had a significant effect on the hole roundness error.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215145932199861
Author(s):  
Yun-fa Yang ◽  
Jian-wen Huang ◽  
Xiao-sheng Gao ◽  
Zai-li Liu ◽  
Jian-wei Wang ◽  
...  

Objective: To identify whether the timing of surgery affects red blood cell (RBC) transfusion requirements in the elderly with intertrochanteric fractures. Methods: We retrospectively studied all patients undergoing surgical fixation of their intertrochanteric fractures in our hospital between January 2009 and December 2018 and analyzed the relationship between the timing of surgery and RBC transfusion. Results: A total of 679 patients were included in this study. The need for RBC transfusion was lower in the patients who underwent surgery within 12 h after admission (timing of surgery <12 h, <12 h group) than those who underwent surgery over 12 h after admission (timing of surgery >12 h, >12 h group) (P = 0.046); lower in the the patients who underwent surgery within 24 h after admission (timing of surgery <24 h, <24 h group) than in those who underwent surgery over 24 h after admission (timing of surgery >24 h, >24 h group) (P = 0.008), and lower in the <24 h group compared to the patients who underwent surgery within 48 h after admission (timing of surgery <48 h, <48 h group) (P = 0.035). Moreover, the need for RBC transfusion was lower in the <24 h group (in the first 24 h from admission to surgery) than in the 24-48 h group (in the second 24 h from admission to surgery) (P = 0.016), and also lower in the <24 h group compared to the 48-72 h group (in the third 24 h from admission to surgery) (P = 0.047). However, there were no differences between the <12 h group and 12-24 h group, between the <12 h group and <24 h group, and between the 12-24 h group and <24 h group, respectively. Conclusion: Timing of surgery within 24 h contributes to the reduction of RBC transfusion in the elderly with intertrochanteric fractures.


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