The effect of acute and chronic gasoline poisoning on the animal's body

1930 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1080-1088
Author(s):  
S. M. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
The Body

Gasoline is widely used in some industries, and the literature quite often comes across indications of isolated and massive cases of poisoning of workers exposed to it. Hence, it is clear that researchers paid attention to the study of the effect of this poison on the body, and, mainly, the effect of acute (single) poisoning with gasoline was studied, both through a thorough study of individual cases of acute poisoning of workers, and by setting up appropriate experiments on animals.

scholarly journals Organophosphorus Poisoning

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (172) ◽  
Author(s):  
Buddhi Prasad Paudyal
Keyword(s):  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Organophosphorus Insecticides ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
Organophosphorus Poisoning ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of

Acute poisoning by organophosphorus (OP) compounds is a major global clinical problem, withthousands of deaths occurring every year. Most of these pesticide poisoning and subsequentdeaths occur in developing countries following a deliberate self ingestion of the poison. Metacid(Methyl parathion) and Nuvan (Dichlorovos) are commonly ingested OP pesticides; Dimethoate,Profenofos, and Chlorpyrifos are other less frequently ingested compounds in Nepal. The toxicityof these OP pesticides is due to the irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymeleading to accumulation of acetylcholine and subsequent over-activation of cholinergic receptorsin various parts of the body. Acutely, these patients present with cholinergic crisis; intermediatesyndrome and delayed polyneuropathy are other sequel of this form of poisoning. The diagnosisdepends on the history of exposure to these pesticides, characteristic manifestations of toxicityand improvements of the signs and symptoms after administration of atropine. The supportivetreatment of OP poisoning includes the same basic principles of management of any acutelypoisoned patient i.e., rapid initial management of airways, breathing, and circulation. Gastriclavage and activated charcoal are routinely used decontamination procedures, but their valuehas not been conclusively proven in this poisoning. Atropine is the mainstay of therapy, andcan reverse the life threatening features of this acute poisoning. However, there are no clearcut guidelines on the dose and duration of atropine therapy in OP poisoning. Cholinesterasereactivators, by regenerating AChE, can reverse both the nicotinic and muscarinic effects;however, this benefit has not been translated well in clinical trials. All these facts highlight thatthere are many unanswered questions and controversies in the management of OP poisoningand there is an urgent need for research on this aspect of this common and deadly poisoning.Key Words: poisoning, organophosphorus insecticides, decontamination, antidotes

scholarly journals Gangguan Kesehatan Akibat Pencemaran Merkuri (Hg) pada Penambangan Emas Ilegal

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Masruddin Masruddin ◽  
Surahma Asti Mulasari
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Hands And Feet

Gold mining activities can increase people's income and be detrimental if the correct processing process does not follow the implementation. This illegal gold mining and processing of gold ore use mercury. In the gold laundering process, who should carry out mercury with the correct procedures and knowledge. Still, in this illegal gold mining, the miners wash gold using mercury without using personal protective equipment so that the miners are in direct contact with the mercury used. Continuous, direct contact with heavy metals can cause an increase in chemical elements in the body caused by the bioaccumulation system. The purpose of this literature review is to determine the health problems caused by heavy metals in illegal gold mining. The database searches used are Garuda Portal and Google Scholar. There were 24 articles, and only ten were used, which were suitable through analysis of objectives, suitability of topics, analysis of results, and research locations. Based on the results of studies conducted, miners suffer from chronic and acute diseases. Chronic diseases suffered are liver dysfunction, decreased leukocytes, paralysis of limbs, numbness, and tremors. Symptoms felt by Parkinson's disease are constantly shaking hands and feet, facial muscles always moving involuntarily. Lips move unconsciously, lack passion for activities, difficulty sleeping, sometimes peaking emotions, poor memory, cramps during cold weather conditions, and often feel anxious. In contrast, the acute diseases that arise are acute poisoning, diarrhea, ARI, eye disease, vertigo, miscarriage, skin disease.

scholarly journals Management of Disorders of Homeostasis With Saline Enteral Solution in Acute Poisoning With Psychopharmacological Drugs

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-563
Author(s):  
V. A. Matkevich ◽  
M. M. Potskhveriya ◽  
A. Yu. Simonova ◽  
G. N. Sukhodolova ◽  
M. V. Belova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Infusion Therapy ◽  
Corrective Effect ◽  
Peripheral Hemodynamics ◽  
Complex Therapy ◽  
Stabilizing Effect ◽  
Subsequent Administration

Background. In acute poisoning, accompanied by a violation of the parameters of homeostasis, the problem of its management by the enteral route has been insufficiently studied.Purpose of the study. To assess the possibility of correcting electrolyte and volemic disorders of the body using an enteral solution (ER) in case of poisoning with psychopharmacological drugs.Material and methods. The study involved 120 patients who underwent intestinal lavage (IL) with ER on the 1st day in complex therapy. In the following days, 40 of them received infusion therapy, and 80 — drank glucose enteral solution (GES), 3–4 liters per day.Results. IL had a corrective effect on the electrolyte composition of the blood, volemic and hemorheological parameters, as well as on central and peripheral hemodynamics. The subsequent administration of GER had a stabilizing effect on these indicators, comparable to that of infusion therapy.Conclusion. In case of poisoning with psychopharmacological drugs, the use of saline enteral solution in the form of intestinal lavage and subsequent oral administration of the same solution in a daily volume of 3–4 liters, but with the addition of glucose, provides correction of impaired homeostasis indicators and may be an alternative to infusion therapy.

Acute Ethanol Intoxication in a Child

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 837-840
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Dickerman ◽  
William Bishop ◽  
James F. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ethanol Intoxication ◽  
Metabolic Fate ◽  
Acute Ethanol ◽  
Acute Ethanol Intoxication ◽  
Acute Alcoholism

Acute alcoholism is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in adults. The signs and symptoms of acute ethanol intoxication and the metabolic fate of ethanol in the body are well known.1 There are a few case reports of alcohol-induced hypoglycemia in young children2 and also case reports of withdrawal symptoms in infants of alcoholic mothers.3 Yet there is very little in the literature on the course, treatment, and prognosis of children with acute poisoning due to accidental alcohol ingestion. This report is designed to call attention to this entity, to describe a case whose blood alcoholic level was, as far as we know, the highest recorded in the pediatric literature in a survivor, to Suggest a mode of therapy, and, hopefully, to awaken pediatricians to thew possibility of ethanol intoxication in young children.

scholarly journals Morphofunctional changes in the heart and lung tissues of dogs for isoniazid poisoning

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
H. I. Kotsiumbas ◽  
N. P. Vretsona
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Epithelial Layer ◽  
Neutral Solution ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The article presents the results of macroscopic, histological and histochemical studies of the heart and lungs of dogs for isoniazid poisoning. A pathoanatomical section of 19 carcasses of dogs of different ages and breeds was performed; heart and lung fragments were selected for morphological examination. Heart and lung samples were fixed in 10 % aqueous formalin neutral solution, Carnua and Buen fluids. Dehydration was carried out in ethanol of increasing concentration and embedded in paraffin. The sections were made on a MC-2 microtome 7 μm thick, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, using the McManus and Brasche technique. Made histopreparations were examined under a Leica DM 2500 light microscope (Switzerland), photo-fixation was performed with a Leica DFC450C using Leica Application Suite Version 4.4 software. The results of morphohistochemical studies have shown that in acute poisoning of dogs with isoniazid  in the heart prevailed acute disorders of the vascular circulation, manifested by a sharp expansion and destruction of the walls of the venous vessels, plasmorrhagia, microtromb of the capillaries and spasm of the arterioles, which led to the development of swelling, caused acute decrease of protein synthesation function of muscle fibers and dystrophic-necrobiotic changes of cardiomyocytes. It was noted, in the lungs of dogs on the background of acute congestive hyperemia, diapedesis of erythrocytes and accumulation of transudate in the lumen of the alveoli, foci of emphysema and bronchiectasis with rupture of the epithelial layer of the mucous membrane, elastic skeleton and muscular tubules of bronchial tubules that indicated the violation of gas exchange and the development of anoxemia. It is known that spontaneous isoniazid poisoning in dogs leads to an acute course and often fatal consequences. In the comprehensive study of the effects of chemicals on the body, and in particular isoniazid on the body of dogs, toxicological and pathomorphological studies are of great importance. The use of morphological and histochemical methods will reveal some of the mechanisms of intoxication.

scholarly journals RISK ASSESSMENT AND PREDICTION OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ACUTE TOXIC EFFECTS ON WORKERS WHEN APPLYING OBERON RAPID 240 SC

2021 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
Inna Tkachenko ◽  
Anna Antonenko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Acute Toxic

the issue of uncontrolled pesticides application is quite acute in the system of state control over the use of chemical plant protection products and is of a global nature. Indeed, the dangerous effect of chemicals is a potential toxic effect on professional and non-professional contingents. Therefore, the study and forecasting of possible risks of negative effects of pesticides is an integral part of their implementation in the practical activities of agricultural and private farms. The aim was to predict the occurrence of acute toxic effects on workers involved in the treatment of crops with formulation based on the new insecticide spiromesifen and a representative of avermectins, abamectin. Materials and methods. To calculate the coefficients of possible inhalation poisoning, the physic-chemical properties and consumption rates of the studied active ingredients of the Oberon Rapid 240 SC formulation, the methodical approaches from State Standard 8.8.1.002-98 wase used, and to determine the possibility of acute toxic effects, taking into account the selectivity of their action, we used the Sergeev’s S.G. method, taking into account two ways of potential entry of chemicals into the body – inhalation and dermal. Results. According to the "Hygienic classification of pesticides by the degree of hazard", spiromesifen and abamectin, as well as formulation based on them, belong to the Ⅳth hazard class according to the coefficient of possible inhalation poisoning, which was less than 0.5. In terms of inhalation and dermal coefficients of selectivity of action, the studied compounds were classified as substances with a high selectivity of action, except for the value of the coefficient of inhalation action of abamectin, which was less than 100 and made it possible to classify the compound as substances with a relatively low selectivity of action. Conclusions. The obtained data indicate a low possibility of acute poisoning when using formulations based on insecticides – spiromesifene and abamectin, as well as their relative safety in the occurrence of acute toxic effects when inhaled and in contact with the skin.

USE OF CLUSTER ANALYSIS FOR EVALUATION OF ACUTE POISONING REHABILITATION TREATMENT EFFICIENCY

2018 ◽  
pp. 2-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Badalyan ◽  
Yu. S. Goldfarb ◽  
M. M. Potskhveria ◽  
M. A. Godkov ◽  
A. N. Elkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
New Information ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
Rehabilitation Period ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Psychopharmacological Agents

Observations of 153 patients admitted to the toxicological department of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine after severe poisoning with psychopharmacological agents (36), cauterizing fluids (67) and neurotoxicants (drugs of the opium group, ethanol and psychopharmacological agents) (50) were summarized. A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to assess the systemic response of the body to a chemical injury of varying severity and the treatment used. The data obtained shows that taking into account the complexity of the response of homeostasis indicators to various impacts the characteristics of the shifts to the manifestations of mentioned acute poisonings and treatment measures in the rehabilitation period with the use of cluster analysis should be evaluated using data that indicates changes in the strength of the bonds (proximity levels) both for individual indicators and for the values of intrasystemic connections in individual systems and between them. Cluster analysis provides an opportunity to obtain new information about the pathogenesis of the studied poisonings and also has predictive capabilities. Changes in the assessed indicators obtained by cluster analysis correspond to their shifts in the process of one dimensional analysis, positive results of treatment (reduction of treatment duration) and, therefore, are recommended for practical use.

scholarly journals Water Quality, Essential Condition Sustaining the Health, Production, Reproduction in Cattle. A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Cristina Iuliana El Mahdy ◽  
Anca Boaru ◽  
Silvana Popescu ◽  
Cristin Borda
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Resistance Decrease ◽  
Main Component

The main component of the body: the water, alongside with many function which it has,represents a constituent in the diet of animal. There are many and various factors that influence the daily water requirements of animals: some dependent on animal: and others dependent on the environment. Water quality administered to livestock must meet the requirements for potability prerequisite to maintaining the health, externalization full productive potential and sustaining breeding. Knowing the importance of water quality consists in the negative action which can exert on the body to exceeding certain thresholds translated through: reducing water consumption simultaneously with the decrease milk production, decreased feed conversion rate and average daily gain, degradation of health status by reducing the local resistance, decrease overall body resistance, metabolic, digestive, skeletal disorders and impaired reproduction sphere translated through:decreasing fertility, abortions; elements interfering with the absorption of other essential water body, producing chronic or acute poisoning. The water composition plays essential role depending on which is supplemented or not as the case the quantity of the macro and trace minerals from feedingstuff  according to the synergism or antagonism action between  the minerals present.

scholarly journals Transcriptional activity of metallothionein genes in acute poisoning caused by cadmium chloride

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 990-995
Author(s):  
Munira M. Ziatdinova ◽  
Yana V. Valova ◽  
Guzel F. Mukhammadiyeva ◽  
Elza N. Usmanova ◽  
Denis O. Karimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Study Materials ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Gene Transcripts

Introduction. Cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metals widely distributed in the environment. It has a long half-life, leading to its accumulation in various organs, which in turn is the cause of many adverse effects on human health. Material and methods. Acute toxic poisoning with cadmium chloride was simulated on white outbred male rats, divided into groups depending on the exposure time. Samples of liver and kidney tissues were used as study materials, in the homogenate of which the level of mRNA of metallothionein genes was determined. Results. It was found that the maximum value of the multiplicity of MT1 gene expression in the liver was reached after 6 hours (16.36 ± 0.77; p <0.001), and in the kidneys one day after intoxication with cadmium chloride (6.12 ± 0.43; p <0.001). The activity of the MT2 gene in the liver was most pronounced in the range of 2-4 hours (14.35 ± 1.73; 14.78 ± 1.44; p <0.001), while in the renal tissues an increase in the amount of mRNA was recorded after 24 hours (7.32 ± 0.63; p <0.001). The level of MT3 gene transcripts in liver tissues was decreased throughout the experiment, however, the opposite picture was observed in the kidney tissue, where the maximum was reached one day after the administration of the toxicant (6.14 ± 0.31; p <0.001). Conclusion. Thus, an increase in metallothionein expression in response to the presence of heavy metal ions in the body can be used as a genetic marker in case of poisoning with various compounds.

Acute poisoning with phenothiazine neuroleptics. Phenothiazine coma

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
V. N. Alexandrovsky ◽  
S. S. Petrikov ◽  
M. V. Kareva
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Deep Brain

The article summarizes the authors' long-term experience in the diagnosis and treatment of acute poisoning with phenothiazine derivatives and presents data on the epidemiology of the effects of phenothiazines on the central nervous system. The original classification of acute phenothiazine intoxication confirmed by electrophysiological studies of the brain is given. The involvement of deep brain structures in the pathogenesis of acute phenothiazine coma has been confirmed. Based on studies of visual evoked potentials, the absence of inhibition of deep brain structures despite a pronounced comatose state is shown. In some cases, repeated light stimulation provoked hypersynchronization of evoked potentials and the appearance of convulsive manifestations in the clinic, which was regarded as a state of parabiosis (according to N.E. Vvedensky). Emergency treatment measures for phenothiazine poisoning associated with accelerated detoxification of the body mainly using active methods such as peritoneal dialysis, intestinal lavage with constant monitoring of respiratory function and the cardiovascular system, are presented. The materials of the article will help doctors of intensive care and toxicology departments to improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment of these pathologies.

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