scholarly journals Gangguan Kesehatan Akibat Pencemaran Merkuri (Hg) pada Penambangan Emas Ilegal

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Masruddin Masruddin ◽  
Surahma Asti Mulasari
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Hands And Feet

Gold mining activities can increase people's income and be detrimental if the correct processing process does not follow the implementation. This illegal gold mining and processing of gold ore use mercury. In the gold laundering process, who should carry out mercury with the correct procedures and knowledge. Still, in this illegal gold mining, the miners wash gold using mercury without using personal protective equipment so that the miners are in direct contact with the mercury used. Continuous, direct contact with heavy metals can cause an increase in chemical elements in the body caused by the bioaccumulation system. The purpose of this literature review is to determine the health problems caused by heavy metals in illegal gold mining. The database searches used are Garuda Portal and Google Scholar. There were 24 articles, and only ten were used, which were suitable through analysis of objectives, suitability of topics, analysis of results, and research locations. Based on the results of studies conducted, miners suffer from chronic and acute diseases. Chronic diseases suffered are liver dysfunction, decreased leukocytes, paralysis of limbs, numbness, and tremors. Symptoms felt by Parkinson's disease are constantly shaking hands and feet, facial muscles always moving involuntarily. Lips move unconsciously, lack passion for activities, difficulty sleeping, sometimes peaking emotions, poor memory, cramps during cold weather conditions, and often feel anxious. In contrast, the acute diseases that arise are acute poisoning, diarrhea, ARI, eye disease, vertigo, miscarriage, skin disease.

Establishing the limits of the permissible content of chemical elements in the wool of representatives of the family Hamster Cricetidae using centile scales

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
M. V. Stepanova ◽  
◽  
V. A. Ostapenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Federal District ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Absorption Method ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
The Family ◽  
Heavy Metals And Arsenic

The aim of the study was to study the content of some heavy metals and arsenic in members of the Cricetidae family of hamsters and to develop centile scales for assessing the level of accumulation of these elements for the Central Federal District. In 2018–2020, hamster`s wool was studied for the accumulation of zinc, copper, iron, lead, cadmium and arsenic by the atomic absorption method. The data on the characteristics of the content of chemical elements in different sexes of animals are given. In the course of the study, it was found that, according to the value of the average content in the wool of animals of the family, the studied elements form the following decreasing series: Fe> Zn> Pb> Cu> Cd> As. When studying the features of the accumulation of chemical elements by different sexes, a significant increase in the concentration of zinc, iron, cadmium and arsenic in the wool of males was established, compared with females, depending on the species, from 1,38 to 3,98; from 1,28 to 1,52; from 2,00 to 304,00 times, respectively. With regard to the accumulation of copper in the body, the opposite trend is observed. In females, its concentration is 1,5–3,19 times higher. In the studied sample of animals, an increase in copper content was revealed in 44,83% of individuals and a decrease in cadmium in 44,82%.

GEOECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE MODERN ZINC CONTENT IN THE SOIL COVER OF THE URBANIZED TERRITORIES OF THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
SINTSOV ALEXANDER V. ◽  
◽  
BARMIN ALEXANDER N. ◽  
ZIMOVETS PETR A. ◽  
VALOV MICHAIL V. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urbanized Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Anthropogenic and technogenic processes in the urban environment significantly change the chemical composition of the soil cover. One of such processes influencing the state of the urban soil is the process of soil cover pollution with heavy metals. Heavy metals are biochemically active and highly toxic; they are found in various components of the natural environment, as well as in systems of anthropogenic and technogenic origin. They have the property of accumulation in the body of living beings and have a negative effect on their condition. This group of chemical elements includes lead, zinc, chromium, mercury, copper, iron and other metals. Exceeding the permissible concentration of heavy metals in the soil of an urbanized area and their toxic effects pose a significant danger to humans. Contamination of the soil cover of an urbanized area with heavy metals is associated with the impact of a large number of sources of anthropogenic and technogenic origin, namely, energy and industrial facilities, city infrastructure support systems, zones of construction activities and storage of materials or waste. One of the main highly toxic chemical pollutants of the soil cover of the urbanized territory belonging to the group of heavy metals is zinc «Zincum-Zn». The article describes the results of a 2020 study of the current zinc content in the soil cover of the city of Astrakhan. The relevance of the work lies in the geochemical analysis of the content of heavy metals in the soil of the city of Astrakhan. The aim of the work was to study the modern process of soil contamination of the city of Astrakhan with zinc. The work was based on the task of determining the degree of exceeding the hygienic standards of the maximum permissible concentration of zinc in soil samples. Methods of geographical and ecological research were used in the work, soil samples were collected, followed by determination of the concentration of a substance in each of the soil samples in a certified laboratory. In the course of the work, the indicators of exceeding the maximum permissible concentration of zinc in the soil of the city of Astrakhan were determined and the presumptive sources of pollution were identified.

scholarly journals Breast Cancer Disease and Arsenic: “Geological Behavior (GBR) as Key “

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The Body ◽  
Arsenic Acid ◽  
Arsenic Compounds ◽  
Cancer Disease

Geology may appear remote from human health. However, rocks are the fundamental building blocks of the Earth’s surface, full of important minerals and chemical elements. Rock weathering and alteration products not only form our soils to support our crops but provide essential elements to build biology. Some heavy metals are carcinogenic, and some only affect the body’s ability to produce red and white cells. In fact, any heavy metal affects any part of the body due to our geological behavior (GBR). For example, a heavy metal may not cause any side effects by contact with the skin, even when swallowed, and may not cause serious harm, but inhaling the vapor of that heavy, toxic metal can cause severe damage to the lungs. Some heavy and quasi metals are more toxic, and some forms of heavy metal compounds are even more dangerous than other forms. Toxic and hazardous heavy metals like arsenic, lead, mercury, zinc, chromium and iron are found in a variety of personal care products, e.g., lipstick, whitening toothpaste, eyeliner and nail color. We use the Anodic Stripping voltammetry (ASV) method for arsenic detection, utilizing the PDV6000 + analyzer (Manufactured B3 Electronics, Perth Australia) configured with a solid gold electrode for total as analyses. Sample Preparation: Spot urine samples were collected from most of the participants from 1 January 2018 to 30 March 2020 after face to face interviews. Women with missing information on adjustment variable(s) were included in the analysis in a separate category for adjustment. Results: Our studies were focus in describing the mean Urinary Arsenic levels (u As) residents of in the central zones of Shiraz, Fasa, Abadeh, Jahrom and Marvdasht to compare the effect of diet such as consuming canned or frozen foods, Consume rice daily, smoking habits and lifestyle on the incidence of Breast. Conclusion: Cancer with arsenic compounds has been reported in many parts of the world. The disease affects all organs of the body, and every year many victims of cancer suffer from severe symptoms and even death. Arsenic compounds are present in the human body and environment in an inorganic and organic form. Inorganic arsenic includes arsenite and arsenic, can also be presented in the environment in the form of methyl (monthly arsenic acid and dimethyl arsenic acid). Arsenic, especially inorganic arsenic, is well absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract rivers (80% -90%) and will be scattered throughout the body. It is often metabolized by methylation and excreted mainly in the urine. Methylation of inorganic arsenic compounds is said to undergo a detoxification process.

scholarly journals Some Considerations Regarding the Presence of Heavy Metals in Soil and the Human Body

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Simona Anițaș ◽  
Mirela Coman ◽  
Bogdan-Vasile Cioruța
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Trophic Networks ◽  
Trophic Chains ◽  
Earth's Crust

Until now, there have been laborious researches regarding the presence of heavy metals in environmental factors but their effects have been studied less in the bio-geo-chemical circuits, respectively within the local trophic chains and the regional trophic networks. Naturally, the metals existing in the earth's crust enter the bio-geo-chemical cycles. In the cells of higher organisms, as we know, there is a fragile balance between the amounts of metals needed for catalytic processes and toxic doses to organisms. However, this balance is dependent not only on the concentration and variety of metals in the Earth's crust but also on the microbiological activity of environmental factors, responsible for the transformation of these metals into complex chemical substances that affect more or less the organisms, respectively their enzymatic activity. The vital-necessary, but also the non-vital mineral substances in their mobile forms, which may at one time be toxic to organisms, are significantly pushed out by anthropic activities into trophic chains. They are present in environmental factors such as soil, air, water, reach the body of plants and the body of animals. Plants and animals can bioaccumulate and concentrate in their bodies several chemical elements in the environment, regardless of their origin, which is then easily transferred through food circuits into the human body. Thus, through local trophic chains, respectively through regional trophic networks, contamination of the human body takes place. This requires the need for a measure of most likely high complexity to mitigate the effects with a strong impact on the health status, including that of the human psychic. In severe cases of contamination, behavioral manifestations, especially among the vulnerable population, are proven.

scholarly journals Elemental state of the organism of workers and population as manifestation of adaptation to the technogenic effect of metals: new methodological approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 174-180
Author(s):  
I.М.  Andrusyshyna
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Professional Contact

The problem of adaptive, prepathological and pathological reactions of the body to the action of exogenous chemicals is closely intersected with the assessment of the norm and its fluctuations. The imbalance of chemical elements in the human body directly affects the functioning of almost all organs and systems, causing significant stress of adaptation mechanisms. In this article we study the elemental state of the human body depending on the physiological state (endocrine pathology and professional contact with heavy metals), analyze the correlation between macro- and microelements and assess the degree of adaptability of the body. In the work the elemental state of the human body, taking into account not only the absolute values of the concentrations of elements in the hair and whole blood was studied, the adaptability of the body according to the indicators of elemental imbalance in the blood and hair of volunteers, individuals with endocrine pathology (autoimmune thyroiditis and type II diabetes mellitus) and for those working in conditions of contact with heavy metals (for jewelers, welders and batterymen) is analyzed. The results of the study indicate that various non-specific adaptation reactions are accompanied by changes in the elemental state of a person. Under the prevailing pathology of the endocrine system (diabetes mellitus or autoimmune thyroiditis), the adaptation of the body was determined as a stage of tension and is associated with the duration of the disease. In persons exposed to professional contact with heavy metals (Mn, Cr, Pb, Ag), adaptation depended on the nature and duration of professional contact with them: the highest tension of adaptation processes was found in jewelers, and the least in welders and batterymen, which is associated with the duration of professional contact with these metals. The high number of connections between the elements indicates the tension of adaptive reactions in people with endocrine pathology and especially in jewelry workers. Adaptation to the high content of metals in the air of welders and batteries due to the longer experience of these workers and adaptation to production conditions with a decrease in the number of correlations between the elements, as a means of reliable operation.

Polymorphism of p-450 cytochrome detoxication genes in adolescents depending on the degree of contamination of the organism by heavy metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
N. P. Setko ◽  
A. G. Setko ◽  
Ekaterina V. Bulycheva ◽  
A. V. Tyurin ◽  
E. Yu. Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Cyp2b6 Gene ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Gene Cyp1a1 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction. Changes in the body of children and adolescents aimed at adapting to environmental factors are determined by genetic polymorphism in xenobiotic biotransformation genes, determining the degree of susceptibility of the child’s body to pollutants, which is the basis of modern personalized preventive medicine when managing risks to the health of the child population under the influence of environmental factors. Material and methods. Trace elements, including heavy metals, lead and cadmium, were determined in the hair of 256 practically healthy teenagers by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Depending on the level of content of the latter, two groups of adolescents were formed to determine six genes of the cytochrome P-450 family. Group 1 consisted of adolescents whose cadmium lead content exceeded the average Russian indices. The second group included adolescents whose heavy metals were above the level of average Russian standards. Results. Studies have shown that in adolescents of the 1st group, compared with the data of adolescents of the 2nd group, an increase in the number of carriers of two mutant alleles at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) is 3.08 times, rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1) is 1. 8 times; locus rs 2069522 (CYP1A2 gene) 3.63 times; locus rs 1799853 (CYP2C9 * 2 gene) 4.5 times; locus rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) 3.8 times and locus rs 2279343 (gene CYP2B6) 4.25 times. Moreover, carriers of two normal alleles in adolescents of the first group at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) were 5.14 times; locus rs 2279343 (CYP2B6 gene) was 6.5 fold less than among adolescents of the 2nd group; and at the locus rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1), rs 2069522 (gene CYP1A2), rs 1799853 (gene CYP2C9 * 2), rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) there were no carriers of normal homozygotes. Conclusion. Group 1 adolescents with heavy metal contamination of the body are carriers significantly in a greater number of pathological mutations in the genes of the cytochrome P-450 detoxification system in comparison with data from group 2 adolescents.

Vulnerability of sweet cherry cultivars to continuous periods of spring frosts in Plovdiv, Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-352
Author(s):  
S. Malchev ◽  
S. Savchovska
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Intermediate Group ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group Form ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Abstract. The periods with continuous freezing air temperatures reported during the spring of 2020 (13 incidents) affected a wide range of local and introduced sweet cherry cultivars in the region of Plovdiv. They vary from -0.6°C on March 02 to -4.9°C on March 16-17. The duration of influence of the lowest temperatures is 6 and 12 hours between March 16 and 17. The inspection of fruit buds and flowers was conducted twice (on March 26 and April 08) at different phenological stages after continuous waves of cold weather conditions alternated with high temperatures. During the phenological phase ‘bud burst’ (tight cluster or BBCH 55) some of the flowers in the buds did not develop further making the damage hardly detectable. The most damaged are hybrid El.28-21 (95.00%), ‘Van’ (91.89%) and ‘Bing’ (89.41%) and from the next group ‘Lapins’ (85.98%) and ‘Rosita’ (83.33%). A larger intermediate group form ‘Kossara’ (81.67%), ‘Rozalina’ (76.00%), ‘Sunburst’ (75.00%), ‘Bigarreau Burlat’ (69.11%) and ‘Kuklenska belitza’ (66.67%). Candidate-cultivar El.17-90 ‘Asparuh’ has the lowest frost damage values of 55.00% and El.17-37 ‘Tzvetina’ with damage of 50.60%.

Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Milk of Cow Grazing At Selected Areas, of Kaduna Metropolis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmud Mohammed Imam ◽  
Zahra Muhammad ◽  
Amina Zakari
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Scientific Model ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Digestion Technique

In this research work the concentration of zinc, copper, lead, chromium, cadmium, and nickel in cow milk samples obtained from four different grazing areas   (kakuri, kudendan, malali, kawo) of Kaduna metropolis. The samples were digested by wet digestion technique .The trace element were determined using bulk scientific model VPG 210 model  Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).. The concentration of the determined heavy metal were The result revealed that Cr,  Ni and Cd were not detected in milk samples from Kawo, Malali  and Kudendan whereas lead (Pb) is detected in all samples and found to be above  the stipulated limits of recommended dietary allowance (NRC,1989) given as 0.02mg/day. Cu and Zn are essential elements needed by the body for proper metabolism and as such their deficiency or excess is very dangerous for human health. However, they were found in all samples and are within the recommended limits while Cd (2.13 – 3.15 mg/kg) in milk samples from Kakuri was found to be above such limit (0.5mg/day). Cow milk samples analyzed for heavy metals in this research work pose a threat of lead and cadmium toxicity due to their exposure to direct sources of air, water and plants in these grazing areas, thereby, resulting to a potential health risk to the consumers.

Indicators of metabolism and biochemical status of blood in horses of Yakut breed in winter and spring seasons

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-65
Author(s):  
U. Khompodoeva ◽  
R. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Classical Method ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Biochemical Status ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms

The results of researches on the peculiarities of metabolism in the body of horses of Yakut breed in the winter and spring periods under the environments of Central Yakutia have been presented in the article. Physiological experiments on the digestibility of the main nutrients of the feed have been carried out in the winter (February) and spring (April) periods under the environments of the physiological yard in the Yakutsk Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture named after M. G. Safronov with using the classical method. Five mares and five geldings of Yakut breed have been selected for researches. The average live weight of mares was 378–410 kg, geldings 394–403 kg. The experimental animals had average fatness. It has been found a higher intake of energy and the main nutrients of hay as a mono feed in winter compared to the spring period. At the same time pregnant mares in winter have been consumed 103,8±3,12 MJ of metabolic energy per head/day, which was 27,3 % significantly higher than in the spring period – 75,4±2,18 MJ (P ≥ 0,999). Geldings have been consumed in the experiment 67,70±2,85 MJ, which was by 43,7 % higher than in the spring period – 38,05 ± 4,40 MJ of metabolic energy per head/day (P ≥ 0,999). Experimental animals have been housed in stalls; there was no energy expenditure for movement, so the amount of energy consumed in winter indicates the production of heat in the animal’s body. Pregnant mares per 100 kg of live weight have consumed 31,5±4,11 MJ of metabolic energy or 33,3 % more than in the spring period – 21,0±1,98 MJ; geldings have consumed 27,69±1,12, which was 41,78 % significantly higher than in the spring – 16,12 ± 0,75 MJ (P ≥ 0,999). The high intake of metabolic energy into the body of Yakut horses in winter is explained by the manifestation of adaptive mechanisms that affect the effective metabolism for survival, adapted to frequent changes in weather conditions and sharp temperature changes. The established differences in the biochemical parameters of blood serum of horses of Yakut breed are associated with changes in the consumption and digestibility of basic nutrients and energy, depending on the ambient temperature.

Heating up trickling filters to tackle cold weather conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Gebert ◽  
P.A. Wilderer
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Biofilm Thickness ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Biofilm Support

The investigated effects of heating the filling material in trickling filters were carried out at the Ingolstadt wastewater treatment plant, Germany. Two pilot scale trickling filters were set up. Heat exchanger pipings were embedded in the filter media of one of these trickling filters, and the temperature in the trickling filter was raised. The other trickling filter was operated under normal temperature conditions, and was used as a control. The results clearly demonstrate that the performance of trickling filters cannot be constantly improved by heating the biofilm support media. A sustained increase of the metabolic rates did not occur. The decrease of the solubility of oxgen in water and mass transfer limitations caused by an increase of the biofilm thickness are the main reasons for that. Thus, the heating of trickling filters (e.g. by waste heat utilization) in order to increase the capacity of trickling filters under cold weather conditions cannot be recommended.

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