scholarly journals Three Aspects of the Phenomenon of Science: In Search for Unity among Sociologists

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 35-55
Author(s):  
N. G. Popova ◽  
E. V. Biricheva ◽  
T. A. Beavitt
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Sociology Of Science ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Diverse Field ◽  
Object Of Study

Introduction. In today’s globalising world, science acquires a crucial importance: integrating humanity within the framework of solving global problems, it becomes one of the leading factors in social development, facilitating work and diversifying leisure time, as well as serving as an instrument of transformations in the political sphere. Undoubtedly, the social aspects of contemporary science are capturing the attention of a huge number of researchers. However, it is not clear that all areas of the sociology of science treat the object of their study in the same way.Aim. A lack of reflection on the unity or otherwise in the understanding of the essence of science in the various fields of sociological research makes it difficult to compare different theories of the institutional, cultural, social and communicative contexts of scientific development. An urgent methodological task therefore consists in developing an understanding of the various definitions of the concept of “science” used in the framework of contemporary sociological analysis of this phenomenon.Results and scientific novelty. In this paper, two dominant sociological views on science – as an experimental-mathematical approach to cognising the world and as a system of representations in general – are compared. We conclude that while researchers studying institutional aspects of science tend to interpret it in terms of the “heritage” of post-Enlightenment European rationalism, constructionist and communicatively-oriented researchers tend to approach science as the system of knowledge and cognition that is formed in any human society, having its own specific sociocultural features in each respective case. While each of these two approaches undoubtedly has its own methodological potential, in order to provide such a diverse field of studies with a common ground, it would be necessary to balance them with a third aspect. We argue that this balancing role, since both common for all mankind and unique for every culture, could be played by Heidegger’s conceptualisation of science as “the theory of the real”.Practical significance. In order to avoid a pluralism of incompatible theories, it is important to continually pose the question “what is the object of study when conducting a sociological study of various scientific phenomena?” – as well as to understand the “limits of applicability” of the particular interpretation of science on which basis sociological analysis proceeds.

scholarly journals THE SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL CLIMATE IN THE TEAM AS AN OBJECT OF SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
I.A. Vasilyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Psychological Climate ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Object Of Study

The socio-psychological climate of the collective is a sociocultural phenomenon. It is an object of study in a number of sciences and fields of knowledge. The relevance of its study is due to its high practical significance. First of all, we are talking about the influence of the socio-psychological climate on the effectiveness of the team and the organization as a whole. Nevertheless, it is possible to single out not only the applied aspect of the study, but also the theoretical aspect. This means the need to increase theoretical knowledge in the field of collectives as microsystems. The author notes that the socio-psychological climate of the team is an interdisciplinary object of study, but most definitions of the concept are psychological in color. The article presents a methodological analysis of the concept, from a sociological point of view. In sociology, the socio-psychological climate is studied in different theoretical paradigms, namely: in the framework of systemic, communicative and interpretative approaches, theories of exchange and conflict; theories of subcultures. In addition, the socio-psychological climate as an object of study of sociology is at the intersection of various sectoral sociology (sociology of the "middle level"). So, the socio-psychological climate of the team is studied by the sociology of small groups, the sociology of labor and professions, the sociology of organizations, the sociology of personality, the sociology of conflict, network sociology. Based on theoretical analysis the author has identified a number of concepts that limit the field of sociological research of the socio-psychological climate of the team: the quality of relations, solidarity, trust, tight social ties, job satisfaction, the "rules of the game", value unity, and others. It is concluded that the object of sociological study, in the end, is the quality of social relations in the collective and is a sociocultural phenomenon that functions in the communicative space of the collective.

Fires as a socio-environmental threat in the minds of students from southern Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
Vera V. Diakova ◽  
Ekaterina V. Kargopolova ◽  
Nadezhda V. Dulina
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Safety System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Ecological Consciousness ◽  
Environmental Threat

The issues of understanding environmental pollution factors, their prevention and reduction of harmful consequences are relevant both for public discussions and for scientific analysis. This article focuses on the significant experience of scientific research of environmental problems, as there is a tendency to form the ecological consciousness of the world community. The main purpose of this article is to analyze fires as an environmental threat through sociological analysis. The authors explain the relevance of this issue of preventing and minimizing the consequences of fires, as well as improving the fire safety system, both from the point of view of Russia’ contemporary development and through the prism of the necessity for a sociological understanding of these processes and phenomena. The authors highlight the main directions of a sociological research of this phenomenon: formation and development of ecological consciousness; a systemic sociological analysis of specific situations; fire safety sociology through the prism of macro- (as a resource-saving system of society) and microsociology (the level of social groups, applied aspects of implementation and improvement of fire safety. The authors refer to the results of a specific sociological study (initiated by the Russian society of sociologists) conducted among students of Russian higher education institutions. Their responses are analyzed and compared with the all-Russian indicators, including the official statistics on the causes of fires, damage and destruction of forest areas, results of content analysis of the news feed, and official information about the area of forest areas. In conclusion, the authors highlight the importance of further studies of the anthropogenic factor in the framework of this environmental threat and the role of man in the fire safety system. This may help in understanding the process of formation and development of environmental consciousness.

scholarly journals ‘Counterfinality’ in sociological theory: Reconceptualization of the concept

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-710
Author(s):  
I. A. Latypov
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Intentional Actions ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
Classic Papers

Counterfinality is defined as unintended consequences of the uncoordinated actions of rationally acting individuals. Even before the concept was introduced by Sartre and developed by Elster, counterfinality was considered by many scholars. Some defined counterfinality as a type of social paradoxes and dilemmas, others - as an outcome of social interaction. Description and analysis of such social contradictions and paradoxes can be found in the works of Hobbes, Mandeville, Smith, Marx and Hegel. In the 20th century, sociologists also considered the issue of unintended consequences. Many classic papers of Merton contributed to the sociological analysis of the unintended consequences of intentional actions. Subsequent works focused on their classifications, and the phenomenon of counterfinality was highlighted in almost every classification. The term counterfinality was introduced by Sartre as an appendage of history, an unforeseen consequence of many interactions. The sociological study of counterfinality was initiated by Elster. He analyzes counterfinality not within the functionalist paradigm, but in the methodological individualism perspective, and for him, counterfinality acts as a basis for social change. The authors analysis of the main ideas of Sartre, Elster and other authors on counterfinality reveals its distinctive features in general and in the sociological analysis of social action in particular. The author argues that today the counterfinality theory consists mainly of responses and criticism of the ideas of Sartre and Elster, and that further sociological research should focus on conditions, features and consequences of counterfinality, and on its empirical indicators.

scholarly journals Social mood of the residents of Moscow city at the beginning of the novel coronavirus pandemic (covid-19): possibilities of medical and sociological analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Reshetnikov ◽  
N. V Prisyazhnaya ◽  
Sergey V. Pavlov ◽  
Nadezhda Y. Vyatkina
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

A new coronavirus infection, which affected most countries in the world, besides the direct risk to the health and socio-economic well-being (stability) of the population, determined the large-scale coverage of states and societies with associated risks, including the observed transformation of social space, the increase in the phenomena of voluntary social isolation and encapsulation of part among the population, and the revision of the value of social ties. In temporal terms, the density of the observed changes in the social sentiments of society and the socio-structural characteristics of this period need both retrospective reflection and sociological analysis, as foresight analysis appears to be applicable to the current social situation. This study presents the results of a medical and sociological study (questionnaire survey), implemented during the beginning of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia on a sample of residents of Moscow. According to the study, despite the high level of awareness of Muscovites about the immediate risk and consequences of the coronavirus infection on their health, the respondents are mainly concerned about the socio-economic consequences of the pandemic. At the same time, the ideas of the respondents about the post-pandemic world include a large-scale economic decline, a violation of the functionality of the health system, and an increase in social conflicts and social disunity in the society. The main difficulties of medical and sociological research (respondent recruitment and data collection) were determined by epidemiological conditions. The study toolkit was developed considering the main trends in the spread of infection in the country and the observed social sentiment of Russians, but the high dynamics of changes did not allow to cover a wider range of issues that became relevant for Muscovites in the self-isolation period (AprilMay), which determined the understanding of the need for a second wave of research (planned for autumn 2020).

scholarly journals Social Functions of Clothes: Dress as an Object of Sociological Study

2015 ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Irina V. Trotsuk ◽  
Anastasia V. Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Semiotic Approach

Addresses the key interdisciplinary approaches to the study of clothes as well as basic conceptual models of the sociological analysis of dress. The authors believe that in any sociological research, it is not reasonable to use just one approach and argue that a combination of diverse approaches optimised for a specific task matches better. Nevertheless, the semiotic approach offers the most interesting and effective tools for the interpretation of clothes’ functions and codes in a changing cultural and historical context.

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY: THE SOLUTION OF QUESTIONS OF FORMATION OF A CIVIC STAND IN

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 14-27
Author(s):  
Laila Seysembekovna Akhmetova ◽  
Dmitry Pavlovich Shorokhov
Keyword(s):  
Information Literacy ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Media Education ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
National University ◽  
Psychology Pedagogy

For the world community UNESCO has developed international standards of media information literacy, which have been adopted by all UNESCO member countries. In Central Asia, Kazakhstan was the first to deal with these issues 10 years ago. The group of scientists of the Kazakh National University named by al-Farabi is working on studying this issue. Most of the scientific works on media education are aimed at justifying the need for media education in modern society and its value. The purpose of the article is the development of methodological materials on the formation of literacy in the field of media and information literacy for training target groups and informing the public. The authors of this article apply the methodology of comparative historical research, the methodology and technique of sociological research, the systemic and structural-functional approach in combination with comparative historical method and statistical data analysis, as well as the study of official documents characterizing the policy of international community and Kazakhstan. Also, content analysis and qualitative documents analysis, as well as comparative research methods, were used. As a result of the research, it was concluded that any conceptual design, scientific paradigm suffers to some extent with idealization and the conceptual approach of UNESCO discussion formed the basis for this review, causing positive expectations. However, media is not always socially-oriented tool. It is clear that in this scenario, it is not necessary to rely solely on the consciousness of journalists and self-censorship of editors. However, understanding the principal approaches of UNESCO and following the recommendations developed can control risks and contribute to the development of a full-fledged civil society. Practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of using its results in the field of media, psychology, pedagogy, culture, history, journalists, political scientists, social engineers, teachers, students and post-graduate students of universities. The results of the research can be integrated into the educational and upbringing processes. It is necessary to train target groups for the further dissemination and training of media and information literacy and to address the issues of forming a civic position in Kazakhstan.

Migration imaginations of residents of the Khabarovsk territory: experience of the pilot sociological research

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-226
Author(s):  
V. V. Zubkov ◽  
◽  
P.G. Sidorov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Permanent Residence ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
The Status ◽  
Personal Attitudes ◽  
The Stability

The article presents the results of a pilot sociological study of migration perceptions of the population, the reasons for their formation, as well as the factors and conditions under which the willingness to live and work in the Khabarovsk Territory is realized. The analysis of the results of the survey, which according to the research methodology was conducted in two target groups ("residents of the region" and "student youth"), indicates the stability and reproduction of migration intentions as a determined willingness and desire to leave the place of permanent residence in the Khabarovsk territory. The sociological approach to the study of migration perceptions of the target groups under study consists in determining the target attitudes, guidelines and expectations from moving, due to the status-role set and personal attitudes of respondents.

scholarly journals The American Marketing Association

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck Cochoy
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Sociology Of Science ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Common Reference ◽  
Coupling Procedure ◽  
Professional Body ◽  
History Of ◽  
Written Sources

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the sociological process behind the development of the American Marketing Association (AMA). It shows how the shift from isolated endeavors to an organized movement happened in marketing, how and why marketing pioneers merged to build a professional body and what this body provided to its community and to society at large. Design/methodology/approach – This paper studies the history of the AMA from the perspective of the sociology of science and relies on the marketing literature and other written sources. Findings – The paper shows that the AMA is both the result and the center of a coupling procedure. Isolated pioneers in the marketing field found it useful to communicate with those who were engaged in endeavors similar to their own. The meeting resulted in a dialog, and the dialog had necessitated the establishment of the AMA as a common reference point. The AMA provided the marketing community with a language and an institution that could help them to exist and move forward together. Originality/value – This paper provides an up to date account of the history of the AMA as well as a sociological analysis of its development.

Problems of preserving the norms of Adyge khabz in the context of globalization (based on the materials of a sociological study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
Z.Kh. Guchetl ◽  
◽  
O.I. Kuskarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Ethical Codes ◽  
The North

In this article, the authors comprehend the moral and ethical phenomenon of "Adyge habz the problems of its preservation and development in modern society in the context of globalization. The study of traditions is undoubtedly relevant in modern conditions, when many ethnic groups persistently retain interest in past values, their origins and prospects. The authors note that this problem is relevant not only for the Adygs, but also for other peoples of the North Caucasus, which have their own analogues of national moral and ethical codes. Based on the results of the conducted sociological research, it is concluded that the role of Adyghism (adygag) in the system of traditional ethno-cultural values of the Adyghes has decreased, and therefore there is a need to revive and develop the national identity of the Adyghes.

Gendered Sexuality

Sociology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelly Ronen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Social Study ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Feminist Philosophy ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Gay Liberation ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Sexual Identities ◽  
Normative Force

Sexuality encompasses diverse sexual practices including sexual behaviors, their sequencing, meanings, effects, pleasures, and risks, sexual identities, preferences or orientations, and the social construction of sexual acts and communities over history. Sexuality is undeniably shaped by gender as an individual, interpersonal, and institutional force. It is also shaped by intersecting axes of difference including class, race, ethnicity, age, and body morphology or disability status. These are in turn also affected by sexuality. The study of gendered sexuality has been an interdisciplinary undertaking. The sociological field incorporates insights from anthropology, feminist philosophy, gender and women’s studies, history, LGBTQIA+ studies, cultural studies, media studies, psychology, and queer studies. Early sociology failed to recognize sexuality as a domain of social study, so the subject only gained relevance in sociology in the second half of the 20th century. Touchstone texts from the subfield’s formation often draw on non-sociological works as well as biological, medical, and psychoanalytic approaches. Newer advances in the study of sexuality were initially spurred by feminisms and activist-scholars from the lesbian, bisexual, and gay liberation movement. As such, alongside theoretical development and empirical study, some work in the discipline retains a normative approach, seeking to clarify and advance varying definitions of sexual liberation. Contemporary sociological research on sexuality focuses on resultant inequalities: whether between genders (mostly still conceived of as either men and women) between sexual orientations (mostly still understood as either straight or gay) or between different races or ethnicities. As such, sociological study on sexualities focuses on the collective consequences of sexuality as a varied and changing institutional and normative force.

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