scholarly journals Role of Microfinance in Poverty Alleviation: Evidence from Pakistan

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Ghafoor Awan ◽  
Muhammad Javed Iqbal Juiya
Keyword(s):  
Logit Model ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Household Poverty ◽  
The Impact

This study has empirically measured the role of microfinance in poverty alleviation and has examined its impact on household poverty level. The factors that can affect the household poverty and living standard have been investigated with innovative econometric technique that is binary logit model and ordered logit model by using Stata software. The empirical analysis of this study is based on fresh data. The data is collected through a household survey method from the rural and urban areas of district Lodhran of Pakistan. A questionnaire was developed to collect primary data which covered the household loan amount, household assets, and household expenditures. The questionnaires were distributed among 220 respondents. We selected total 19 variables: eleven variables to analyze the factors responsible for household poverty and eight variables to measure the household living standard. High value of Living standard shows high living standard and low value shows lower living standard. The empirical evidence shows that the variables such as gender, married status, chronicle diseases, purpose of loans, number of loans taken, amount of loan, Lives Stock, Monthly savings, total number of household members are found impacting poverty significantly while the impact of transport facility, years of schooling and ownership of land were found insignificant. While measuring poverty level we followed World Bank poverty line which is $ 1.25 (Rs.3750) per capita per adult monthly income and expenditure. The data shows that 137 (62.3 percent) households are living below poverty line while 83 households are living above poverty line. We find that 169 households (76.8 percent of the total sample) have good living standard while 20 households (9.1 percent) have high living standard whereas 31 households (14.1 percent), have very low living standard. JEL Classifications Code: E6

scholarly journals Poverty Alleviation and Microfinance for the Economy of Pakistan: A Case Study of Khushhali Bank in Sargodha

Economies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Stylianou Tasos ◽  
Muhammad Ijaz Amjad ◽  
Masood Sarwar Awan ◽  
Muhammad Waqas
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
National Development ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Poverty is a universal reality, and no one can deny the omnipresence of it all over the world. It is considered as the most harmful economic and social problem of human beings since their creation. It affects individuals as well as society as a whole in a very destructive way, and it is considered that poverty is the mother of all human rights violations. Perhaps no one would argue against the notion that microfinance can be a very useful apparatus in human, social, economic, political and national development. Microfinance has been established to fill the gap of a missing credit market for the poor. Among all other anti-poverty strategies, it has become one of the most important and successful tools for poverty elimination throughout the world. In this study, we investigate the impact of microfinance on poverty alleviation for the economy of Pakistan. The literacy is very poor for the area of Pakistan, so our research will help policy makers in making the right decisions in order to help the people that are living below the poverty line. Primary data of 300 households from Khushhali Microfinance Bank Limited were collected. The findings reveal that microfinance imparts a vital role in poverty eradication where the poverty level has decreased from 42.67% in comparison household (CHH) to 29.33% in the program household (PHH). Finally, it unveils the fact that there is a negative association between the provision of microfinance and poverty level of the household. The availability of micro financing facilities to the poor has declined the poverty rate from 42.67 percent to 29.33 percent. The Logistic Regression model implies that poverty has a negative association with the duration of microfinance, education and existence of a market in the locality, whereas it is positively related to family size and gender of the respondent.

scholarly journals The Effect of Using Social Media in the Modern Marketing Communication on the Shaping an External Employer’s Image

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4177
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Izabela Baruk ◽  
Grzegorz Wesołowski
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this article was to determine the significance of modern marketing communication channels used in the process of shaping the external image of an enterprise as an employer. An analysis of the world literature on marketing, management, marketing communication and human resource management was used to prepare the theoretical part. The results of the analysis indicate a cognitive and research gap regarding the use of modern communication channels for building the external image of an enterprise in the role of an employer. In order to reduce the gap, empirical studies were conducted among young Polish potential employees, in which the survey method was used to gather primary data. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis, during which the following methods and statistical tests were applied: the analysis of average values, exploratory factor analysis, Kruskal–Wallis test (KW), Pearson chi-square independence test and V-Cramer coefficient analysis. The results of the analyses conducted indicate, inter alia, that statistically significant diversity was identified in the case of non-professional media in terms of respondents’ opinions on whether the employer’s image created by modern media is better than the employer’s image created on the basis of classical marketing communication channels. In the case of professional and non-professional media, the age of the respondents was not a differentiating feature. Moreover, neither for professional media nor for non-professional media were statistically significant dependencies identified between respondents’ opinions on the impact of actions undertaken by enterprises on shaping their positive external image as an employer and respondents’ opinions on whether the employer’s image created on the basis of modern marketing communication channels is more beneficial than the employer’s image created on the basis of classical marketing communication channels. The results obtained on the basis of the research have a cognitive and applicability value, characterized by originality. Until now, the importance of using modern marketing communication channels in shaping the employer’s external image has not been analysed. This also applies to enterprises operating on the energy market.

scholarly journals The Impact of International Remittances on Poverty Alleviation in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bezon Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Household Poverty ◽  
International Remittances ◽  
The Impact

This article mainly explores to what extent international remittances alleviate household poverty in Bangladesh. This study uses primary data collected from 216 households and employs multi-methods. Firstly, I measure the level of household poverty through Foster-Greer-Thorbecke index. The article secondly focuses on the impact of remittances on household poverty using a binary logistic regression model. I found that the level of poverty among remittance recipient households is notably lower than households that are not receiving remittances. Similarly, the probability of a household being poor is alleviated by 28.07 per cent if the household receives remittance. It can be suggested that nursing international remittances can be useful for poverty alleviation in Bangladesh. 

A Study of Outcomes of the Poverty Alleviation Programme In Batticaloa District Of Sri Lanka

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
V. Navirathan ◽  
A.M. M. Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Actual Impact ◽  
Future Economic Development ◽  
The Impact

The major aim of this thesis was to explore the impact of poverty alleviation programmes on poverty alleviation in Batticaloa district. The objective of this study is to examine whether the Poverty alleviation Programmes increase the income level of the beneficiaries in Batticaloa District and examinewhether the contribution of Poverty alleviation Programme to increasethe standard of living of the beneficiaries living in the Batticaloa District. The research question developed for this study was what are the outcomes of poverty alleviation programmes on poverty alleviation of Samurdhi beneficiaries in Batticaloa district? There are many poverty alleviation institutions and other institutions which are providing livelihood support to improve the standard of living and to alleviate the poverty level. But, the actual impact of those facilities on poverty alleviation was not known. To find the actual impact, the above research question was developed. Primary data were collected from people who were Samurdhi beneficiaries from Manmunai South Eruvil PattuDS Division, Koralaipattu South DS division and Manmunai South West DS Division in Batticaloa District. The proportionate random sampling method was used to obtain 200 responses from the population. Completed questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS-20 tool package and the collected data were used to test the model using univariate and multiple regression analysis. The coefficient of the constant was positive and statistically significant in the model. All independent variables such as Income, Saving, Wellbeing, Coping Strategies, Entrepreneurial Skill, Employment and Gender Balance of the respondent in the research had a positive and statistically significant coefficient at 5% level. This result revealed that the Poverty alleviation programme moderately impacts on poverty alleviation in Batticaloa district. In order to alleviate the poverty, the identification and formulation of the efficient Samurdhi Programme areessential. Therefore, the major purpose of this study is to analyze the outcomes of Poverty alleviation programme and lessons learned to future economic development program which could be implemented effectively, and economical.

scholarly journals ROLE OF NATIONAL RURAL LIVELIHOOD MISSION (NRLM) ON COST OF LIVING STANDARD OF THE SCHEDULED CASTE COMMUNITIES AT DHEMAJI AND LAKHIMPUR DISTRICT OF ASSAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Dr. Diganta Kumar Das
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The People

Motivation/Background: The financial aspects are considered as an integral part for development of rural areas in every nation. Small financial helps can defiantly improve the living standard of the poor. Here the role of microfinance is crucial. Through microfinance the poor and needy people can fulfil their day to day and small economic and financial requirements upto certain extend. In India it is seen that most of the people lives in the rural areas are below the poverty line and finance to these group is very much essential. Moreover, the vulnerable groups are more deprived of their basics needs particularly the SCs and the STs.  Thus, an effort has been made by the researcher to study the pros and cons of NRLM and its impact on economic condition of poor SC people living in the rural areas at Dhemaji and Lakhimpur district of Assam through this paper. Method: For that purpose, both the primary and secondary data have been used. For collecting the primary data, a total number of 140 (7 X 10 X 2=140) respondents from 70 SHGs had randomly selected comprising of 10 SHGs from the seven Development Blocks and from each sample SHGs 2 members were selected. Results and Conclusions: Study revealed that inspite of facing the problems like marketing, transportation, flood and proper management and training of the group, the SHGs are functioning well in terms of improvement of food security and cost of living standard of the SC member’s household in the area under study.

scholarly journals The Role of Islamic Microfinance For Poverty Alleviation in Bandung, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Irawan Febianto ◽  
Fuadah Binti Johari ◽  
Zurina Binti Kefeli @Zulkefli
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Level Indicator ◽  
Microfinance Institution ◽  
Islamic Microfinance ◽  
The Impact

The emergence of Islamic micro financial institution becomes the alternative solution for the micro-entrepreneurs who need working capital assistance. However, the impact of Islamic microfinance institution in reducing poverty level is somewhat still debatable. In Indonesia, Islamic microfinance established through the presence of Baitul Mal wa Tamwil (BMT), the most popular type of Islamic microfinance institutions. BMT providing financing for the micro-entrepreneurs, as their potential clients, that operates their activities mostly at the traditional markets. The purpose of this study is to measure the impact of BMT for poverty alleviation in Bandung as the capital city of West Java as the biggest population province in Indonesia, not only based on material level but also on spiritual level. This study is looking at income variables of micro-entrepreneur’s household, as well as the spiritual level indicator of micro-entrepreneur before and after they received financing from BMT. The primary data obtained through in-depth questionnaires in Bandung, Indonesia.

The Role of Career Self-Efficacy on the Effect of Parental Career Behaviors on Career Exploration: A Study on School of Tourism and Hotel Management’ Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selahattin Kanten ◽  
Pelin Kanten ◽  
Murat Yeşiltaş
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Career Exploration ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Hotel Management ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to investigate the impact of parental career behaviors on undergraduate student’s career exploration and the mediating role of career self-efficacy. In the literature it is suggested that some social and individual factors facilitate students’ career exploration. Therefore, parental career behaviors and career self-efficacy is considered as predictors of student’s career exploration attitudes within the scope of the study. In this respect, data which are collected from 405 undergraduate students having an education on tourism and hotel management field by the survey method are analyzed by using the structural equation modeling. The results of the study indicate that parental career behaviors which are addressed support; interference and lack of engagement have a significant effect on student’s career exploration behaviors such as intended-systematic exploration, environment exploration and self-exploration. In addition, it has been found that one of the dimensions of parental career behaviors addressed as a lack of engagement has a significant effect on career self-efficacy levels of students. However, research results indicate that student’s career self-efficacy has a significant effect on only the self-exploration dimension. On the other hand, career self-efficacy has a partial mediating role between lack of engagement attitudes of parents and career exploration behaviors of students.

AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF INDIAN INSURANCE INDUSTRY POST GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (01-02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anis Ur Rehman ◽  
Yasir Arafat Elahi ◽  
Sushma .
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Insurance Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The New Deal

India has recently emerged as a major political and economic power in the world. The financial crisis that engulfed the world in 2008 needed developing countries like India to lead the rescue and recovery, instead of G7 westerns countries who dealt with such crisis in the past. Recently, discussions and negotiations are going amongst G20 countries regarding a new global financial architecture (G-20 Summit, 2008). The outcome will affect the relevant industries in India and hence it is a public interest issue for the actuarial profession in the country. Increased and more intrusive and costly regulations and red tapes are likely to be a part of the new deal (Economic Survey 2009-10). The objective of this paper is to study the perception of higher level authorities in Insurance sector regarding the role of regulator in minimizing the impact of global financial crisis. The primary data has been collected from 200 authorities in insurance industry. The data has been analyzed with statistical tools like MS-Excel. On the basis of the findings, various measures and policy recommendations for insurers have been suggested to minimize the impact of crisis.

The Impact of Demographic Factor on Consumer Buying Behaviour: A Study of Retail Sector in Delhi NCR

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamsher Singh ◽  
Ameet Sao
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Demographic Shift ◽  
Customer Perception ◽  
Shopping Experience ◽  
Buying Behaviour ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The retail sector is growing a faster pace in India due to demographic shift in population and growing middle class. It is an opportunity for both organized and unorganized sectors. The purpose of this article is to study the customer perception and shopping experience about organized and unorganized retailing with special reference to Delhi and NCR and find out whether the preferences for organized and unorganized retailing are dependent or independent demographic characteristics of consumers. The study has used the primary data collected from 200 respondents through survey method using structured questionnaire. Convenient sampling method was used during the

scholarly journals Relationships between Final Purchasers and Offerors in the Context of Their Perception by Final Purchasers

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3271
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Izabela Baruk
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Marketing Process ◽  
Research Gap

The aim of this article was to identify the role of good mutual relationships with offerors for final purchasers, as well as define the meaning of the perception of offerors in the scope of listening to purchasers’ opinions and profiting from purchasers’ readiness to cooperate for the specificities of the prosumeric activity. A deep analysis of the world literature was used to prepare the theoretical part of this paper. The results of this analysis confirm the existing cognitive gap and research gap regarding mentioned aspects, including energy market. Empirical studies were conducted to reduce identified gaps. The survey method was used to collect primary data. The collected data were subjected to quantitative analysis, during which statistical analysis methods and tests were applied (Pearson chi-square independence test, V-Cramer factor analysis, Kruskal–Wallis test (KW), and exploratory factor analysis). The results of the statistical analysis and testing allowed the three research hypotheses formulated to be checked. Between the significance of good relationships with offerors and their perception, a statistically significant dependence was identified for all groups of offerors. The perception of offerors was a feature differentiating respondents’ opinions about the significance of good relationships with offerors for the two following groups: producers and traders. Additionally, the perception of offerors was a feature differentiating forms of prosumeric activity of respondents only for three interpurchase behaviors. The results obtained have a visible cognitive and applicability value. They contribute to the theory of marketing, as well as possibly facilitating the formation of good mutual relationships between offerors (including offerors of energy) and final purchasers as key partners cooperating with offerors in the marketing process. The approach presented in this paper has not been studied and analyzed so far, either in theoretical or in practical terms. This fact confirms its originality and value.

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