The Effect of Urbanization on Temperature Trend in Some Regions across Vietnam during the Past Decade

Throughout time and history, urbanization has proven itself to be a significant impact on climate in urban areas. In this study, we investigate urbanization effect on temperature trends in several regions across Vietnam based on statistical relationship between these trends and local population growth as well as the change in the annual mean temperature in the past decade by applying statistical analysis to the results. Population data from 2008-2018 and the temperature data from 1988-2018 were obtained from the Annual Abstracts of Statistics and the Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology Science and Climate Change, respectively. Although most of our findings indicate a very small correlation between temperature rise and local population growth, there were exceptions with reasonable values. The results suggest that urbanization contributes to the change in temperature trend of different regions. The type of region (based on its population) also determines if the change in temperature is positively or negatively correlated with the population growth. Furthermore, by using ArcMap, we also constructed several surface temperature maps in the past few decades in order to gain further insights into how temperature changed with time.

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Literacy and Education: Fifth Release From the 1961 Census of Pakistan (Review Article)

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v3i3pp.424-442 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 424-442

Author(s):

Jamila Akhtar

Keyword(s):

Population Growth ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Review Article ◽

Interim Report ◽

Educational Levels ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

The Past ◽

Review Articles ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Age And Sex

This review of the Literacy and Education Bklletin1 of the 1961 Census is fourth in the series of review articles published in this journal2. The Bulletin under review forms a part of the interim report on the characteristics of the population of Pakistan. It gives information on the number of illiterate and literate persons by age and sex for rural and urban areas on division and district basis; illiterate and literate.population in selected cities and towns; and the educational levels attained by the literate population by age and sex for divisions and districts. Relevant statistical notes and statements precede the tables in the Bulletin. The objective of this review is to describe the meaningfulness and significance of literacy statistics. To this end, a distinction is made between formal and functional levels of literacy. Comparisons of the 1951 and 1961 census figures are undertaken to indicate the progress of literacy and education during the past decade with reference to the effect of intercensal rate of population growth on such progress. Certain questions regarding the reliability of data are raised, which emphasize the need for caution in the interpretation of literacy statistics.

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Natural Geography and Patterns of Local Population Growth and Decline in Spain: 1960–2011

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11184979 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (18) ◽

pp. 4979 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adelheid Holl

Keyword(s):

Population Growth ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Population Change ◽

Local Population ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Detailed Data ◽

Precipitation Seasonality ◽

Growth Variation

This paper analyzes the role of natural geography for explaining local population change patterns. Using spatially detailed data for Spain from 1960 to 2011, the estimation results indicated that natural geography variables relate to about half of the population growth variation of rural areas and more than a third of the population growth variation of urban areas during this period. Local differences in climate, topography, and soil and rock formation as well as distance to aquifers and the coast contribute to variations in local population growth patterns. Although, over time, local population change became less related to differences in natural geography, natural geography is still significantly related to nearly a third of the variation in local population change in rural areas and the contribution of temperature range and precipitation seasonality has even increased. For urban areas, weather continues to matter too, with growth being higher in warmer places.

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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Poland

10.15847/cisrnyn.nepl.2020.12 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Labour Force ◽

Population Data ◽

Economic Transformation ◽

Labour Market Situation ◽

The Past ◽

Market Situation ◽

The Difference

The report outlines the evolution of the labour market situation of young people in Poland between 2009 and 2019. Particular attention was paid to describe how the situation has changed across different age subgroups and degree of urbanization. The analysis includes descriptive statistics of the selected labour market indicators (employment and unem-ployment rate, NEET rate) along with educational and population data extracted from the Eurostat public datasets. The report shows that youth population in Poland has been declining over the past decade, especially in cities and rural areas. Labour market situation of young Poles worsened in the aftermath of financial and economic crisis. Since 2013 is has improved considerably. In 2019,the unemployment rate was below the pre-recession level and the lowest since the political and economic transformation. The pattern of labour market situation evolution was similar across all age subgroups and degrees of urbanisation, although those from the younger sub-groups were more vulnerable to economic fluctuations. In 2019, the difference between rural and urban areas in the unemployment level was minor. The employment rate and the NEET rate, however, was clearly higher in cities which suggests that many of those living in towns and rural areas remain outside the labour force. The level of school dropouts among youth is one of the lowest in the EU and has been relatively stable over the past decade. It is slightly higher in towns and rural areas than in cities, but the difference is not significant.

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Which Gridded Population Data Product Is Better? Evidences from Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA)

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information ◽

10.3390/ijgi10100681 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 681

Author(s):

Xu Yin ◽

Peng Li ◽

Zhiming Feng ◽

Yanzhao Yang ◽

Zhen You ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Population Growth ◽

Southeast Asia ◽

Anthropogenic Impacts ◽

Local Population ◽

Population Data ◽

Rapid Population Growth ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

New Findings ◽

Mainland Southeast Asia

The release of global gridded population datasets, including the Gridded Population of the World (GPW), Global Human Settlement Population Grid (GHS-POP), WorldPop, and LandScan, have greatly facilitated cross-comparison for ongoing research related to anthropogenic impacts. However, little attention is paid to the consistency and discrepancy of these gridded products in the regions with rapid changes in local population, e.g., Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA), where the countries have experienced fast population growth since the 1950s. This awkward situation is unsurprisingly aggravated because of national scarce demographics and incomplete census counts, which further limits their appropriate usage. Thus, comparative analyses of them become the priority of their better application. Here, the consistency and discrepancy of the four common global gridded population datasets were cross-compared by combing the 2015 provincial population statistics (census and yearbooks) via error-comparison based statistical methods. The results showed that: (1) the LandScan performs the best both in spatial accuracy and estimated errors, then followed by the WorldPop, GHS-POP, and GPW in MSEA. (2) Provincial differences in estimated errors indicated that the LandScan better reveals the spatial pattern of population density in Thailand and Vietnam, while the WorldPop performs slightly better in Myanmar and Laos, and both fit well in Cambodia. (3) Substantial errors among the four gridded datasets normally occur in the provincial units with larger population density (over 610 persons/km2) and a rapid population growth rate (greater than 1.54%), respectively. The new findings in MSEA indicated that future usage of these datasets should pay attention to the estimated population in the areas characterized by high population density and rapid population growth.

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Monitoring of Urban Sprawl and Densification Processes in Western Germany in the Light of SDG Indicator 11.3.1 Based on an Automated Retrospective Classification Approach

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13091694 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1694

Author(s):

Gohar Ghazaryan ◽

Andreas Rienow ◽

Carsten Oldenburg ◽

Frank Thonfeld ◽

Birte Trampnau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Growth ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Urban Expansion ◽

Population Data ◽

Observation Data ◽

Time Step ◽

Urban Dynamics ◽

Random Forest Classification ◽

Population Growth Rates ◽

High Level

By 2050, two-third of the world’s population will live in cities. In this study, we develop a framework for analyzing urban growth-related imperviousness in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) from the 1980s to date using Landsat data. For the baseline 2017-time step, official geodata was extracted to generate labelled data for ten classes, including three classes representing low, middle, and high level of imperviousness. We used the output of the 2017 classification and information based on radiometric bi-temporal change detection for retrospective classification. Besides spectral bands, we calculated several indices and various temporal composites, which were used as an input for Random Forest classification. The results provide information on three imperviousness classes with accuracies exceeding 75%. According to our results, the imperviousness areas grew continuously from 1985 to 2017, with a high imperviousness area growth of more than 167,000 ha, comprising around 30% increase. The information on the expansion of urban areas was integrated with population dynamics data to estimate the progress towards SDG 11. With the intensity analysis and the integration of population data, the spatial heterogeneity of urban expansion and population growth was analysed, showing that the urban expansion rates considerably excelled population growth rates in some regions in NRW. The study highlights the applicability of earth observation data for accurately quantifying spatio-temporal urban dynamics for sustainable urbanization and targeted planning.

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Local Population Mapping Using a Random Forest Model Based on Remote and Social Sensing Data: A Case Study in Zhengzhou, China

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12101618 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 1618

Author(s):

Ge Qiu ◽

Yuhai Bao ◽

Xuchao Yang ◽

Chen Wang ◽

Tingting Ye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Random Forest ◽

Population Density ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Local Population ◽

Population Data ◽

Field Work ◽

Local Planning ◽

Statistical Tool ◽

Social Sensing ◽

Sensing Data

High-resolution gridded population data are important for understanding and responding to many socioeconomic and environmental problems. Local estimates of the population allow officials and researchers to make a better local planning (e.g., optimizing public services and facilities). This study used a random forest algorithm, on the basis of remote sensing (i.e., satellite imagery) and social sensing data (i.e., point-of-interest and building footprint), to disaggregate census population data for the five municipal districts of Zhengzhou city, China, onto 100 × 100 m grid cells. We used a statistical tool to detect areas with an abnormal population density; e.g., areas containing many empty houses or houses rented by more people than allowed, and conducted field work to validate our findings. Results showed that some categories of points-of-interest, such as residential communities, parking lots, banks, and government buildings were the most important contributing elements in modeling the spatial distribution of the residential population in Zhengzhou City. The exclusion of areas with an abnormal population density from model training and dasymetric mapping increased the accuracy of population estimates in other areas with a more common population density. We compared our product with three widely used gridded population products: Worldpop, the Gridded Population of the World, and the 1-km Grid Population Dataset of China. The relative accuracy of our modeling approach was higher than that of those three products in the five municipal districts of Zhengzhou. This study demonstrated potential for the combination of remote and social sensing data to more accurately estimate the population density in urban areas, with minimum disturbance from the abnormal population density.

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Rising Inequality and Spatial Social Segregation due to Urbanization and Increasing Housing Prices

10.21203/rs.3.rs-785562/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maximilian Eisen ◽

Micha Poddig ◽

Johann V. Seebass ◽

Florian Hackelberg ◽

Benjamin Wacker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Mobility ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Local Population ◽

Housing Prices ◽

Housing Markets ◽

Social Processes ◽

Urban Residents ◽

Capital Income ◽

The Past ◽

Social Segregation

Abstract Globally, housing markets in urban areas have seen significant increase in prices over the past years. These developments are of relevance for the local population as well as social processes that underline the urban cohabitation. Increasing income inequality can impede social mobility, economic opportunities and lead to rising social segregation. While the effect of rising housing prices and social segregation are commonly subject of interest, the effect of capital income on inequality through the channel of housing prices is less investigated in current research. This paper provides empirical evidence from Sweden that urbanization through the channel of housing markets leads to segregation and inequality. Urbanization causes housing prices to rise disproportionately to income. Consequently, segregation of social strata takes place as well as an overall rise in capital income for those high-income urban residents. Therefore, increasing housing prices extend the inequality in wealth and capital income. The capital income distribution trend in turn leads to rising inequality, as measured by the Gini coefficient. The presented analysis indicates that increasing housing prices may potentially have adverse effects on social equity, even in highly developed welfare state like Sweden.

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Investigation of mean monthly maximum temperature of Thailand using mapping analysis method: A case study of summer 1987 to 2019

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202015801001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 158 ◽

pp. 01001

Author(s):

Nutthakarn Phumkokrux ◽

Somkamon Rukveratham

Keyword(s):

Air Temperature ◽

Temperature Data ◽

Temperature Trend ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Temperature Characteristics ◽

The Past ◽

Mapping Analysis ◽

The Mean

This study aims to study distribution of air temperature characteristics and to analyse the trend of mean monthly maximum temperature changed in summer of Thailand from 1987 to 2019. The study was performed by gathering the temperature data from 83 meteorological stations around Thailand. The study focused on the months February to May in the years 1987 to 2019. Then, distribution of air temperature characteristics maps and graph of each month in each year are created to analyse the distribution and trend of mean monthly maximum temperature over the past 33 years. The results showed that, for every year, the mean monthly maximum temperature increased from February to April and decreased in May. Moreover, the maps presented that the air temperature in the western of Thailand was higher than the eastern of Thailand. Furthermore, the temperature trend illustrated that the mean monthly maximum temperature of all months in summer was increasing, especially May. Totally, the trend of the air temperature in summer was rising by 0.0087°C per year.

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The Population History of Asia

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.344 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Tim Dyson

Keyword(s):

Population Growth ◽

20Th Century ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Indian Subcontinent ◽

Population Data ◽

Population History ◽

Resource Base ◽

Demographic Transitions ◽

Modern Times ◽

History Of

When composed of hunter-gatherers, Asia’s population numbered perhaps 1–2 million. But the emergence of agriculture saw population growth, and it appears likely that by 1 CE the continent’s population exceeded 100 million. For China and Japan, there are data which shed light on their population histories during pre-modern times. Moreover, both countries experienced rapid demographic transitions in the 20th century—substantially limiting the associated extent of population growth. For the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, there are almost no population data prior to the late 18th century, although what happened subsequently is better recorded. Both these diverse regions experienced fairly protracted modern demographic transitions and substantial population growth. West Asia’s population is thought to have been of similar size in 1900 as in 1 CE. During the 20th century, however, most countries in West Asia experienced late birth-rate declines and very substantial population growth. Throughout history, the level of urbanization in Asia has generally been extremely low. Nevertheless, the continent contained most of the world’s most populous cities, though that situation changed temporarily in the 19th and 20th centuries. That said, after 1950 mortality decline fueled urban growth. As a result, by 2020 Asia once again contained most of the world’s largest cities, and about half of the continent’s people lived in urban areas. The population history of Asia has generally involved very slow population growth. The main explanation has been that death rates were high, marriage was early and universal, fertility was uncontrolled, and so birth rates were high too. However, research has increasingly suggested that in some areas the levels of fertility and mortality which prevailed in pre-modern times are better described as “moderate” rather than “high.” Moreover, as in Europe, there were regulatory mechanisms which helped to maintain a degree of balance between human numbers and the resource base.

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Population growth will worsen Niger’s food insecurity

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db233930 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Population Growth ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

North Africa ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Resource Scarcity ◽

Content Type ◽

Childhood Malnutrition ◽

The Past ◽

Political Unrest ◽

The Stability

Subject Population growth and resource scarcity. Significance One of the poorest nations in the world, Niger also has the highest fertility rate, which exacerbates chronic food insecurity and childhood malnutrition. Efforts to reduce birth rates have failed to produce results; if anything, Niger’s fertility rates have increased over the past decade. Impacts With low economic growth and youth employment, migration to urban areas and North Africa will increase. Political unrest is also likely to occur with swelling population needs and resource scarcity. A profound shift in cultures of fertility will be necessary to ensure the stability of the nation.

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