scholarly journals Poverty among households living in slum area of Hlaing Tharyar Township, Yangon City, Myanmar

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thet Htwe ◽  
Win M. Oo ◽  
Nay Lwin ◽  
Kyaw H. Win ◽  
Hlaing T. Dar
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Slum Areas

Background: Slums can be regarded as physical manifestations of urban poverty. Although the world has made dramatic improvement in reducing poverty since 1990, poverty still persists at an unacceptable level. Although current situations highlights the importance of slum areas to be given priority in poverty alleviation, there are limited data on poverty level among people living in urban slums of Myanmar.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among households living in slum areas of Hlaing Tharyar Township, Yangon City, Myanmar during 2016. Multi-staged systematic random sampling and face-to-face interview were applied in selecting the samples and collecting the data, respectively. The new global poverty line (1.9 USD per person per day) was used as a threshold in determining the poverty. Chi-squared test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were utilized in data analysis.Results: Altogether 254 participants were recruited after getting informed consent. The occurrence of poverty among households was 54.3% (95% CI: 48.2%, 60.5%). Head counts of poverty among study population was 58.8%. The education status of household’s head, size of household and the presence of less than 15 years old children in the household were detected as significant determinants of being poor household.Conclusions: Poverty among households living in slum area of Hlaing Tharyar Township, Yangon City was high. Measures to alleviate poverty in urban slums should be intensified. Education level of household’s heads should be improved. Family planning or birth spacing programme should also be strengthened, especially in urban slums. 

Diarrhoea-related knowledge and practice of physicians in urban slums of Kolkata, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. KANUNGO ◽  
T. MAHAPATRA ◽  
B. BHADURI ◽  
S. MAHAPATRA ◽  
N. D. CHAKRABORTY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Stool Examination ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Likelihood ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Slum Areas

SUMMARYDiarrhoeal management practices are unsatisfactory in India especially in the slum areas. Dearth of information regarding physicians' diarrhoea-related knowledge and practice in India ncessitated this cross-sectional study of allopathic practitioners in the slums of Kolkata, to assess the distribution and interrelationship between physicians' characteristics, knowledge and practice regarding diarrhoea. A total of 264 randomly selected consenting practitioners were interviewed using a field-tested questionnaire. Nineteen percent had good overall knowledge, 49% and 80% prescribed antibiotics to diarrhoea and cholera patients, respectively, and 55% advised stool examination for every case. Qualified and Government physicians had better knowledge regarding diarrhoea [MBBS: odds ratio (OR) 5·96, P < 0·001; postgraduates: OR 9·33, P < 0·001; Government physicians: OR 11·49, P < 0·0001] and were less likely to prescribe antibiotics for all diarrhoea cases (MBBS: OR 0·30, P = 0·002; postgraduates: OR 0·20, P < 0·001; Government physicians OR 0·24, P < 0·029). Better knowledge was associated with a lower likelihood of prescribing antibiotics for diarrhoea (OR 0·72, P < 0·001), cholera (OR 0·78, P = 0·027) and investigative procedure (OR 0·85, P = 0·028). In the slums of Kolkata, diarrhoea-related knowledge and practice were poor with the exception of qualified physicians, hence an improvement in the knowledge of pharmacists and unqualified practitioners is necessary for the overall improvement of diarrhoeal management in these slums.

scholarly journals Soluble Inter-Cellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Urban Asian North Indians: Relationships with Anthropometric and Metabolic Covariates

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astha Sethi ◽  
Anoop Misra ◽  
Ravindra Mohan Pandey ◽  
Kalpana Luthra ◽  
J. Rama Devi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background:High prevalence of diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemias in people belonging to poor socio-economic strata in urban slums of northern India has been recorded recently. To assess whether this population has high levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), a cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, we investigated subjects belonging to poor socio-economic strata in urban slums and compared them to healthy control subjects from non-slum urban areas of New Delhi.Design:Cross-sectional study.Methods:Subjects from a previously carried out cross-sectional study, Delhi Urban Slum Project (DUSP) were divided into two groups: Group-1 (n= 56) included subjects dwelling in slum area, having at least one risk factor (hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia), while group-2 (n= 60) consisted of subjects without any risk factor dwelling in the slum area. A third group (n= 29) of non-obese subjects without any risk factor living in non-slum urban area was included for comparison. Measurements included; body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (W-HR), four skinfolds, percentage body fat, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum lipids, and serum levels of sICAM-1.Results:Though statistically not significant, mean level of sICAM-1 was higher in group-1 (718.5 ± 232.8 ng/ml) as compared to the other groups. Of note, 35% of subjects in group-1 (p< 0.05 as compared to other two groups), and 25.3% of all subjects had levels of sICAM-1 in uppermost quartile (>850 ng/ml). Partial correlation coefficients (R) of sICAM-1 levels with various parameters adjusted for age were statistically significant for BMI (R= 0.27,p< 0.05) in group-1; W-HR (R= 0.26,p< 0.05) and BMI (R= 0.19,p< 0.05) for group-2; and FPG (R= 0.17,p< 0.05) for all the subjects considered together. For females, the levels of sICAM-1 were significantly higher in the following: BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2(p= 0.04) and FPG >7 mmol/l (p< 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis suggests that an increment in BMI by one kg/m2would correspond to an increase in the levels of sICAM-1 by 8.5 units controlling for the influence of age and W-HR in the pooled data of all subjects.Conclusions:High percentage of subjects had levels of sICAM-1 in the upper quartile in the study, particularly those dwelling in the slum area and having coronary risk factor (s). The levels of sICAM-1 strongly correlated to the anthropometric and metabolic parameters, particularly in females. These observations are of potential importance for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in this population, though further studies are needed to predict those prone to the complications of atherosclerosis, based on sICAM-1 levels, as has been observed in other ethnic groups.

scholarly journals A study on utilization of antenatal care services in urban slums of Amritsar city, Punjab, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Sharma ◽  
Kiran Kumar H. V. ◽  
Shivesh Devgan
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Antenatal Visit ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Slum Areas

Background: Rapid urbanization in India is fuelling a growth in urban poverty, particularly in the urban slums where the quality of life is extremely poor. There have been limited efforts to capture the health of population living in urban slums and most severely affected are the women of childbearing age and children. So the present study was carried out to assess the utilization pattern of antenatal care and to identify the factors affecting it in urban slums of Amritsar city.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1600 houses selected randomly in four slum areas of Amritsar city in which 659 married women in the reproductive age group of 15-49 years who had at least 1 child and had delivered the last child in the last 3 years were found. Total 659 women were interviewed using a pre-designed and pre-tested proforma.Results: 58.4% of respondent women attended at least one antenatal visit during last pregnancy. Maximum (43.4%) attended 2 antenatal visits. Majority (64.4%) had their first antenatal visit in 2nd trimester. Majority (57.1%) consumed <100 IFA tablets. Majority (65.6%) were fully immunized with 2 doses/booster of TT. Lack of knowledge about ANC services was the reason given by most of the women (31.0%) for not attending any antenatal visit. The utilization of antenatal care (ANC) services by women was found to be significantly associated with their age, education, birth order, socio-economic status and husband’s education.Conclusions: The utilization of antenatal care services was found to be poor in the study population. Important barriers to service utilization were found to be lack of awareness and lack of felt need. This shows the need for intensive efforts to be made in slum areas to create awareness among women by Behaviour Change Communication (BCC) activities. 

scholarly journals Utilization of antenatal services in urban slums of Jorhat municipality, Assam, India and the socio - demographic factors affecting it

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Syeda Jesmin Rahman ◽  
Anuradha Hazarika Medhi
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mere Presence ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
One Year ◽  
Antenatal Services ◽  
Slum Areas

Background: Antenatal service is an important strategy for improvement of maternal and child health, reduction of maternal mortality and neonatal death. But mere presence of this service is not enough. Utilization of the antenatal service is the most important aspect and there are many socio demographic factors that influence the women for its utilization. The objective of the study is to assess the utilization of antenatal services in the urban slums of Jorhat municipality, Assam and the socio - demographic factors affecting it.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was done among women of the slum areas who had at least a child less than one year by using a pre structured and predesigned questionnaire.  Results: Adequate utilization of antenatal service was 19% while inadequate utilization was 66%. 74.2% of women had at least one dose of TT and 87.2 % consumed Iron and Folic Acid tablets for four months or more. Women who were high school and above had either adequate (13.2%) or inadequate utilization (81.1%) and only 5.7% of them did not have any antenatal service at all as compared to 37.5% among illiterates. Religion, caste, age of the women, parity did not have much role in its utilization. Among women from the joint families who did not have any antenatal service was only 4.8% as compared to 19.2% of women from nuclear families.  Conclusions: Majority of women had inadequate utilization of antenatal service in the slum areas and education played a very important role. Key words: Utilization, antenatal services, slum area.

scholarly journals Intention to Quit Tobacco Use and its Determinants Among Adolescent Tobacco Users Residing in Slum Areas of Bhubaneswar, India: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (05) ◽  
pp. 444-450
Author(s):  
Ansuman Panigrahi ◽  
Dheeraj Sharma ◽  
Sabita Maharana
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Intention To Quit ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waking Up ◽  
Slum Areas

Abstract Introduction Intention to quit is the initial step and a strong predictor of quitting tobacco use. Objective The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and determinants of intention to quit tobacco use among adolescent tobacco users residing in the slum areas of Bhubaneswar, India. Materials and Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was performed during the year 2017–2018 involving 152 adolescent tobacco users residing in the slums of Bhubaneswar. Multistage cluster random sampling was used to select the study areas. Results Ninety-three (61.2%) adolescents had the intention to quit tobacco use. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds of intention to quit tobacco use was significantly higher in adolescents who used it for less than 5 years' duration (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.59; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–5.87), those used first tobacco of the day between 31 and 60 minutes after waking up in the morning (aOR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.17–5.79) or more than 60 minutes after waking up (aOR: 6.69; 95% CI: 2.28–19.61), and those who noticed anti-tobacco messages in any media in the past 30 days (aOR: 2.70; 95% CI: 1.02–7.14). Conclusion The prevalence of intention to quit tobacco use among slum adolescents of Bhubaneswar is 61.2%, which can be enhanced by incorporating the determinants of the intention to quit tobacco use in the existing anti-tobacco schemes.

Analisis Faktor Determinan yang berhubungan dengan Kepatuhan Rekomendasi Modifikasi Gaya Hidup Pasien Hipertensi

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-263
Author(s):  
Abdul Qodir
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Knowledge Practice

Penatalaksanaan farmakologis dan non farmakologis dipercaya dapat mengontrol tekanan darah dan mencegah komplikasi, tetapi banyak pasien hipertensi tekanan darahnya tidak terkontrol. Hal tersebut dikarenakan kepatuhan yang buruk dalam melaksanakan rekomendasi gaya hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan faktor yang berhungan dengan kepatuhan melaksanakan rekomendasi modifikasi gaya hidup. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross-sectional di pukesmas dinoyo Kota Malang tahun 2019. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Consecutive Sampling. Kuesioner yang digunakan meliputi : karakteristik demografi, pengetahuan dan rekomendasi mofifikasi gaya hidup pasien hipertensi. Hubungan antara rekomendasi modifikasi gaya hidup dengan variabel independen dianalisis menggunakan uji chi square dan analisis regresi logistik. 140 pasien hipertensi berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini (60 laki-laki, 80 wanita). Prevalensi kepatuhan adalah 28,6 %. Tingkat pengetahuan berhubungan signifikan  dengan kepatuhan melaksanakan rekomendasi gaya hidup (p=0,00). Jenis kelamin, usia, dan tingkat pendidikan tidak mempunyai hubungan signifikan dengan kepatuhan rekomendasi modifikasi gaya hidup (p= 0,06; p=0,21; p=0,87). Pengetahuan mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan kepatuhan rekomendasi modifikasi gaya hidup. Management of pharmacological and non-pharmacological is believed to control blood pressure and prevent complications,  but many hypertensive patients have uncontrolled blood pressure. This is due to poor adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications. This study was aimed to determine the factors associated with adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications of hypertensive patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Pukesmas Dinoyo Malang in 2019. Consecutive Sampling was used to select study subjects. The questionnaire included information about demographic characteristics, knowledge, practice of lifestyle-modification measures. Associations between adherence to lifestyle modification and independent variables were analyzed using chi square and multivariate logistic regression analysis. 140 hypertensive patients participated in the study (60 men, 80 women). The prevalence of adherence was 28.6%. The level of knowledge was significant associated with adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications (p = 0.00). Genders , age, and educational level were no significant associated with to recommended lifestyle modifications (p= 0.06; p=0.21; p=0.87). Knowledge was significant associated with adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications of hypertensive patients.

A focus on postpartum depression among Jordanian mothers

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402110001
Author(s):  
Esra’ O Taybeh
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Marital Conflict ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancies

Background: The magnitude of postpartum depression in Jordan is under documented, and little is known about its potential sociodemographic and clinical correlates. Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and risk factors associated with postpartum depression among Jordanian mothers in the first 18 months after delivery. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from April to June 2020 in Jordan. A web-based survey was used for recruiting eligible participants. An Arabic version of the validated self-administered Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale questionnaire was used to measure postpartum depression with a cut-off score of ⩾12 which indicates probable depression. Results: A total of 1,071 Jordanian women participated in the study. Of those, 567 women had postpartum depression (52.9%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that postpartum depression was significantly associated with marital conflict (OR: 4.91; 95% CI: 2.36–10.20), negative attitude from the pregnancy (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.45–0.99), unplanned pregnancies (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.16–2.60), lack of social support (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.12–3.32), time from last delivery (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98–1.00), insomnia (OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.35–0.82), and depression during the pregnancy (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.33–0.78). Most of the participants (65.7%) sought social support to avoid, reduce, or treat postpartum depression. Conclusions: Postpartum depression among Jordanian women was the highest in comparison to that of women in other countries in the region. Therefore, screening for the presence of depressive symptoms should be implemented during regular pregnancy care visits. Social support should be encouraged in order to avoid, reduce, or treat postpartum depression.

scholarly journals Association of breastfeeding and risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in postmenopausal parous women: Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (2010 ~ 2016)

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jusuk Lee ◽  
Taehong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Understanding the relationship between breastfeeding (BF) and metabolic syndrome (Mets) is important for maternal long-term health benefits and disease prevention. This study aimed to examine the association between BF and Mets and its components among postmenopausal parous Korean women. Methods This cross-sectional study on 10,356 Korean women used nationally representative data from the KNHANES from 2010 to 2016. Anthropometric, laboratory data and manual BP were measured. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of BF with Mets and its components after adjusting for potential confounding variables. A p-value < 0.05 was to be considered statistically significant. Results Mets was present in 42% of the study participants. The BF group had low household income and education level. The prevalence of Mets in the BF group was higher than that in the non-BF group (42.69% vs. 34.76%, p <  0.001). BF was associated with increased risk of Mets (odds ratio [OR]: 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–1.65, p <  0.001). The BF group was at higher risks for diabetes (OR: 1.5, 95%CI: 1.14–1.98), hypertension (OR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.03–1.68), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 1.42, 95%CI: 1.02–1.99) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.06–1.65). Conclusion In this study, BF did not affect decreasing the prevalence of Mets and its components.

Study of epidemiological determinants of undernutrition among adolescent girls in urban slums of Berhampur, Odisha: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sambedana Mohanty ◽  
Manasee Panda
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

AbstractBackgroundAdolescent girls are vulnerable to many problems, undernutrition being the most common. This results in growth restriction resulting in stunting, wasting, underweight and last but not the least iron-deficiency anaemia. Nutritional needs are high during puberty which later leads to complications during pregnancy and its outcomes.Materials and methodsA field based cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the nutritional status of the girls and to determine the various factors responsible for undernutrition. After clearance from the Institution Ethical Committee (IEC) and permission from Child Development Programme Officer (CDPO), the study was conducted in the anganwadi centres (AWC) of urban slums in the field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine from the 1st October 2014 to the 31st October 2016. All the adolescent girls enlisted in the seven anganwadi centres were included as study subjects with their consent. A pre-designed, pre-tested and semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on following sections. (a) socio-demographic profile and (b) nutritional status. Dietary intake was taken using the 24-h recall method. Anthropometry was measured and haemoglobin (Hb) was estimated. SPSS version 21 was used for descriptive and analytic statistics.ResultsAmong the 160 girls 98(61.3%), 69(43.1%), 53(33.1%) were underweight, stunted and wasted, respectively. Anaemia was present among 144(90%) of the girls.ConclusionStrict monitoring of weekly iron and folic acid supplementation (WIFS) as well as nutrition education are essential measures to solve the problem of undernutrition among adolescent girls.

Prevalence and factors associated with smoking among Tunisian secondary school-adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Houda Ben Ayed ◽  
Sourour Yaich ◽  
Mariem Ben Hmida ◽  
Maissa Ben Jemaa ◽  
Maroua Trigui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Part Time ◽  
High Stress Level

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to estimate the extent of smoking experience among high and middle school adolescents in Southern Tunisia and to delineate its potential associated factors.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among middle and high school-adolescents in the governorate of Sfax, South of Tunisia in the 2017–2018 school-years. A questionnaire was anonymously administered to a representative sample of 1,210 school-adolescents randomly drawn.ResultsThe mean age of the school-adolescents was 15.6 ± 4.2 years. The prevalence of lifetime smoking was 16.7% (95% CI=[14.7–18.8%]) (boys 32.6%; girls 5.9%;p<0.001). Among the respondents, 13.9% (95% CI=[11.9–15.8%]) were current smokers. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, independent associated factors of current smoking were male gender (Adjusted (AOR)=10.2; p<0.001), 16–17 and 18–19-year age-groups (AOR=2; p=0.005 and AOR=2.6; p=0.001, respectively), below average academic performance (AOR=5.2; p=0.012), divorced parents (AOR=3.9; p=0.007), family monthly income ≥800 dollars (AOR=2.1; p=0.001), having a part time job (AOR=3.9; p<0.001) and a perceived high stress level (AOR=1.98; p=0.008). Secondhand smoke (AOR=1.8; p=0.011) and concomitant alcohol drink (AOR=14.56; p<0.001) were independent predictors of current smoking, while high education level of the father was independently associated with lower prevalence of current smoking (AOR=0.17; p<0.001).ConclusionThe prevalence of lifetime and current smoking were relatively high in Southern Tunisian middle and high schools. Multilevel influences on youth smoking behavior had been identified, which reflected the need to conceive appropriate school interventions and effective antismoking education program.

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