scholarly journals Clinical profile and prognostic factors of leptospirosis: a study of 50 cases from North Kerala, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rijit Kannan ◽  
Anoop George Alex ◽  
Anoop George Alex
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Severe Leptospirosis ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Leptospirosis is the most common zoonosis in the world. In humans it is caused by leptospira interrogans group of organism. It is an emerging disease in various part of the Kerala since 1980 and frequent epidemic with high mortality is being reported. Severe leptospirosis is characterized by jaundice, renal dysfunction, and hemorrhagic manifestation and with high mortality. Studies on assessing the prognostic factors in leptospirosis is only few from this area. This study was conducted to assess the clinical profile and prognostic factors of icteric leptospirosis.Methods: This is a prospective study conducted at academy of medical sciences Pariyaram involving 50 cases from the medical intensive care unit and wards with clinical features of leptospirosis and confirmed by the ELISA. All the patients were investigated and assessed for the complications and out come.Results: 50 cases of clinically and serologically confirmed cases of leptospirosis were included in this study of which 39 (78%) were males and 11(22)% were females. Among males maximum cases were reported in 40 to 44 age group and that females 30-34 age group. Of the 50 cases 7 patients expired and most common cause of mortality among this were acute respiratory distress syndrome (90%). Five patients had residual renal failure at the time of discharge.Conclusions: Leptospirosis was a common cause of hepatorenal failure in this area and important cause of mortality among agriculture workers during monsoon and post monsoon period. Acute respiratorydistress syndrome, and renal failure was the most common cause of mortality. Out of the 50 patients studied, 36 patient got cured and severn patient died and and five patients got discharged with residual renal and hepatic dysfunction. The mortality rate was 14% higher than noticed in other studies. patient who had early dialysis, plasma transfusion had a better prognosis. 

scholarly journals Study on clinical profile of hyponatremia in patients admitted to the MIMS in Northern Andhra Pradesh, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2055
Author(s):  
Anand Sankar Sastry ◽  
Buridi Praneetha
Keyword(s):  
Common Type ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Electrolyte Disorder ◽  
Common Etiology ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Background: Hyponatremia, most common electrolyte disorder has symptomatology ranging from asymptomatic to being comatose and etiologically from simple G.I. loss to chronic illnesses like CCF, CKD. Very sparse study has been done in this region on clinic-epidemiological profile of hyponatremia. The aims and objective of this study was to find out most common etiology, type, clinical features and outcome in hospitalised hyponatremic patients and to Correlate clinical profile and outcome with etiology, severity and treatment.Methods: The present observational study was conducted in department of medicine, Maharajah’s Institute of medical sciences, for two months. All patients aged ≥15 years having true hyponatremia were included. Detailed history, examination, relevant investigations including serum and urinary Na were done. Patients were classified to euvolemic, hypervolemic and hypovolemic depending on volume status and proper etiologies were determined in each group.Results: Of 50 patients included, mean age was 50.12±8.8 years. Hyponatremia was more common in older age group>40 years (P<0.05%). CNS manifestations were more prevalent in patients with Na<125 Meq. (80%) P< 0.05%. Hypervolemic was most common type (50%) followed by hypovolemic (34%) and euvolemic (16%). CKD was the most common cause overall (24%) and also among hypervolemic type (40%).Conclusions: Hyponatremia was more predominant in elderly age group (P<0.05%). It is more in 40-60 years age group. Hypervolemic type (50%) of hyponatremia is most common type of the hyponatremia and CKD (24%), to be most common cause of the hyponatremia attributed to Uddanam nephropathy in this region.

SPECTRUM OF UVEITIS IN PATIENTS ATTENDING TERTIARY EYE CARE HOSPITAL IN SOUTHERN INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-77
Author(s):  
Sonali Kajla Singh ◽  
Darshan Bhatt ◽  
B Chandrasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
Common Site ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
A Prospective Study

Aim:To study the pattern of uveitis in different age groups of patients visiting Ophthalmology OPD in Chennai Materials and Methods: It is a prospective study, done over a duration of one and half year from September 2018 to February 2020. Atotal of 115 patients were enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups, based on their age. In each group, demographic analysis, type, etiology and complications of uveitis were studied. Results: Uveitis was found to be most common in the middle age group. Anterior uveitis was the most common site of presentation in all age groups. Non-infectious causes accounted for more than 50% of the total cases, with idiopathic being the most common cause in pediatric and elderly. Conclusion: Proper evaluation and complete workup of uveitis cases, along with investigations is absolutely necessary in all age groups. Idiopathic causes are most common in pediatric and elderly population, with traumatic being most common in the middle age.

scholarly journals Etiological factors and clinical profile of acute respiratory distress in children age group 2 months to 2 years and prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus in the study population

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1496
Author(s):  
A. Logesh Anand ◽  
S. Vijayaraghavan
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Time Of Admission

Background: Acute lower respiratory tract infections are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Respiratory infections in infants and small children are of great importance because of small airways. Infection may cause a further narrowing and may lead to respiratory distress. To evaluate the etiological factors, clinical profile and outcome of acute respiratory distress in the age group 2 months to 2 years.Methods: This study was conducted in the Paediatric department of Government Mohan Kumarmangalam medical college hospital, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India in the year September 2017-March 2018. Totally 183 cases of acute respiratory distress children were included in the study. A thorough clinical examination was done at the time of admission and management details were recorded into the proforma. Respiratory distress is defined as per WHO protocol as respiratory rate more than 50/minute in infants from 2 months to 12 months of age, and more than 40/minute in children from 13 months to 24 months of age.Results: Of the 72 cases of bronchiolitis, 32 cases (44%) tested positive for IgM at the time of admission and no cases in the control population tested positive for IgM. Of the 72 cases of bronchiolitis in the study population, 52 cases (72%) tested positive for ELISA IgG at the time of admission and 2 cases among the controls tested positive for ELISA IgG.Conclusions: Pneumonia was the most common cause of respiratory illness in the study population. Overcrowding was the major risk factor contributing to acute respiratory illness. Incidence of acute respiratory distress was high among undernourished children.

scholarly journals CLINICAL PROFILE OF CHILDREN PRESENTING WITH SEIZURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Thakur ◽  
Sumeet Verma
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Acute Symptomatic Seizure ◽  
The Common

Background: This study is to describe the clinical profile of children presenting with seizure including common causes of seizure and classify the seizure types. Methods:  Hospital-based, analytic and descriptive study. This study includes all children in the age group 6 months to 12 years who presented in the department of paediatrics with seizure. Results: Seizures presented with fever in 36.00% of cases Conclusions: Seizures are one of the common causes of hospitalization. It can be inferred from this study that CNS infections are the most common cause of acute symptomatic seizure. The improvement in health care facilities like sanitation and immunization is warranted to prevent it. Keywords: Seizures, GTCS, Children

scholarly journals Profile of Paediatric Traumatic Cataract and its Surgical Outcome

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Paras Panjiyar ◽  
Lila Raj Puri
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Surgical Outcome ◽  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Traumatic Cataract ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Wooden Stick ◽  
Ocular Injuries ◽  
A Prospective Study

INTRODUCTION: Ocular injuries are the most common cause of acquired monocular blindness in children. Ocular trauma in children is mainly accidental and has an age-specific pattern. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a prospective study conducted at Sagarmatha Choudhary Eye Hospital, Lahan, Nepal. All children upto 15 years of age, who were diagnosed and managed for traumatic cataract between October 2012 and March 2014 (18 months period), were included in the study. Altogether 189 cases were enrolled for the study. RESULTS: Out of total 189 cases, 138(73%) were male, 51(27%) were female. 85% of the children were in the age group of 5 to 15 years while only less than 15% of the children were from the age group of 0 to 5 years. The most common cause of injury was wooden stick(34.4%) while 14.5% of the cases did not know the mode of trauma. CONCLUSION: Taking measures for prevention of ocular trauma among children is strategically important to reduce the stubborn prevalence of blindness in children.

scholarly journals Evaluation of penicillin therapy in patients with leptospirosis and acute renal failure

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth de Francesco DAHER ◽  
Charlys Barbosa NOGUEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Renal Function Recovery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Penicillin Therapy ◽  
Severe Leptospirosis ◽  
A Prospective Study

The effectiveness of specific antibiotic treatment in severe leptospirosis is still under debate. As part of a prospective study designed to evaluate renal function recovery after leptospirosis acute renal failure (ARF) (ARF was defined as Pcr > or = 1.5 mg/dL), the clinical evolutions of 16 treated patients (T) were compared to those of 18 untreated patients (nT). Treatment or non-treatment was the option of each patient's attending infectologist. The penicillin treatment was always with 6 million IU/day for 8 days. No difference was found between the two groups in terms of age, gender, number of days from onset of symptoms to hospital admission, or results of laboratory tests performed upon admission and during hospitalization, but proteinuria was higher in the treated group. There were no significant difference in the other parameters employed to evaluate patients' clinical evolution as: length of hospital stay, days of fever, days to normalization of renal function, days to total bilirubins normalized or reached 1/3 of maximum value and days to normalization of platelet counts. Dialytic treatment indication and mortality were similar between group T and nT. In conclusion, penicillin therapy did not provide better clinical outcome in patients with leptospirosis and ARF.

scholarly journals Evaluation of hemostasis disorders and anticardiolipin antibody in patients with severe leptospirosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth De Francesco DAHER ◽  
Francisco Holanda OLIVEIRA NETO ◽  
Susana Marcela Pineida RAMIREZ
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Anticardiolipin Antibody ◽  
Anticardiolipin Antibodies ◽  
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Severe Leptospirosis ◽  
A Prospective Study

A prospective study was designed to evaluate disorders of hemostasis and levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ACL) in 30 patients with severe leptospirosis and acute renal failure (ARF) (ARF was defined as serum creatinine > or = 1.5 mg/dL). The patients had been admitted to the Walter Cantídio University Hospital, São José Infectious Diseases Hospital and General Hospital of Fortaleza, Ceará, from August 1999 to July 2001. They all were male, with a mean age of 32 ± 14 years and with clinical and laboratory diagnoses of ARF leptospirosis. The time elapsed between onset of symptoms and the first hemorrhagic manifestation was 9 ± 4 days. Bleeding was observed in 86% of the patients. Laboratory tests showed significantly high levels of urea (181 ±95 mg/dl), fibrinogen, (515 ± 220 mg/dl), prothrombin time (13.3 ± 0.9 seconds) and low platelet counts (69 ± 65x10³/mm³) on admission. There was no elevation in activated partial thromboplastin time or thrombin time. Levels of IgM and IgG ACL concentrations were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in leptospirosis patients when compared to control patients (28.5 ± 32.4 vs. 11.5 ± 7.9MPL U/ml and 36.7 ± 36.1 vs. 6.5 ± 2.5 GPL U/ml), respectively. Vasculitis, thrombocytopenia and uremia should be considered important factors for the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic disturbances and the main cause of death in severe leptospirosis.

scholarly journals Clinical profile of patients with menorrhagia and its correlation with endometrial histopathology and sonographic features

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2326
Author(s):  
Bikram Bhardwaj ◽  
S. K. Rath
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Proliferative Endometrium ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Pathological Report

Background: Menorrhagia is one of the most common gynecologic complaints in contemporary gynecology. It is defined as total blood loss exceeding 80 ml per cycle or menses lasting longer than 7 days. Current gynecological survey reports that 30% of all pre-menopausal women perceive their menses to be excessive. So, the main aim of this study was to correlate clinical profile of patients with menorrhagia, etiological factors of menorrhagia, endometrial patterns in cases of menorrhagia, sonography findings in these patients.Methods: This is a prospective study of 100 patients with complaints of menorrhagia that were randomly selected from out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital. In all cases of menorrhagia, detailed history followed by examination and a particular set of investigations including USG was done. All women were subjected to D and C and histo-pathological report taken into account. However all cases of Puberty menorrhagia were excluded from this study as D and C could not be done in them. Treatment was given depending upon cause/age/parity/ family/completion/patient’s desire.Results: AUB is the most common cause of menorrhagia in this study group (60%) with leiomyomas as the second commonest cause (24%). Other causes found were adenomyosis (8%), polyp (4%), IUCD (4%). Maximum cases of menorrhagia are in 40-50 years age group.Conclusions: To conclude AUB (60%) was the commonest cause of menorrhagia followed by leiomyomas (24%), adenomyosis (8%), IUCD (4%) and polyps (4%). Menorrhagia was most common in multiparous (78%) and peri-menopausal age group (40-49 years). Proliferative endometrium was most commonly observed histo-pathological pattern in 58% cases. Leiomyoma was the commonest sonological finding seen in 24% cases followed by adenomyosis in 8% cases.

ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1466-1472
Author(s):  
Grażyna Kobus ◽  
Jolanta Małyszko ◽  
Hanna Bachórzewska-Gajewska
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Common Cause

Introduction: In the elderly, impairment of kidney function occurs. Renal diseases overlap with anatomic and functional changes related to age-related involutionary processes. Mortality among patients with acute renal injury is approximately 50%, despite advances in treatment and diagnosis of AKI. The aim: To assess the incidence of acute kidney injury in elderly patients and to analyze the causes of acute renal failure depending on age. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis included medical documentation of patients hospitalized in the Nephrology Clinic during the 6-month period. During this period 452 patients were hospitalized in the clinic. A group of 77 patients with acute renal failure as a reason for hospitalization was included in the study. Results: The prerenal form was the most common cause of AKI in both age groups. In both age groups, the most common cause was dehydration; in the group of patients up to 65 years of age, dehydration was 29.17%; in the group of people over 65 years - 43.39%. Renal replacement therapy in patients with AKI was used in 14.29% of patients. In the group of patients up to 65 years of age hemodialysis was 16.67% and above 65 years of age. -13.21% of patients. The average creatinine level in the group of younger patients at admission was 5.16 ± 3.71 mg / dl, in the group of older patients 3.14 ± 1.63 mg / dl. The size of glomerular filtration GFR in the group of younger patients at admission was 21.14 ± 19.54 ml / min, in the group of older patients 23.34 ± 13.33 ml / min. Conclusions: The main cause of acute kidney injury regardless of the age group was dehydration. Due to the high percentage of AKI in the elderly, this group requires more preventive action, not only in the hospital but also at home.

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